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Ezzine H, Metougui ML, Boukcim H, Abbas Y. Physiological responses of three field-grown species (Ceratonia siliqua, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Moringa oleifera) to water deficits in a Mediterranean semi-arid climate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4536. [PMID: 36941350 PMCID: PMC10027864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reforestation of degraded drylands calls for the selection of species with the capacity to withstand water scarcity. In this current study we have assessed, the physiological responses of three field-grown species (Ceratonia siliqua, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Moringa oleifera) to water deficits in semi-arid regions in order to suggest a potential species for rehabilitation programs. The physiological behavior of the given species was studied in three irrigation schemes: subsurface drip irrigation (applied weekly), tank irrigation (applied monthly), and unirrigated plants. In a stressed state, an assessment of relative water content (RWC), water potential (pre-dawn water potential PWP and midday water potential MWP) and stomatal conductance revealed three contrasting physiological responses. First, C. siliqua stomata remained open with a high RWC at low water potentials. Consequently, this species tolerated water deficits by decreasing its leaf water potential, primarily associated with osmotic adjustment. On the other hand, E. camaldulensis was found to be a drought-avoider species, mutated to a water-saving strategy by complete stomatal closure. Finally, for the extreme case, M. oleifera showed leaf shedding under water deficit conditions. These different physiological responses allowed these species to survive water deficits, and consequently, could be considered suitable candidates for rehabilitating degraded semi-arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Ezzine
- Polyvalent Team in Research and Development, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Louay Metougui
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Hassan Boukcim
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Younes Abbas
- Polyvalent Team in Research and Development, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.
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Papadopoulou S, Stefi AL, Meletiou-Christou MS, Christodoulakis NS, Gkikas D, Rhizopoulou S. Structural and Physiological Traits of Compound Leaves of Ceratonia siliqua Trees Grown in Urban and Suburban Ambient Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:514. [PMID: 36771599 PMCID: PMC9920102 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua L. (carob tree) is an endemic plant to the eastern Mediterranean region. In the present study, anatomical and physiological traits of successively grown compound leaves (i.e., the first, third, fifth and seventh leaves) of C. siliqua were investigated in an attempt to evaluate their growth under urban and suburban environmental conditions. Chlorophyll and phenolic content, as well as the specific leaf area of the compound leaves were determined. Structural traits of leaflets (i.e., thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma, abaxial and adaxial epidermis, as well as abaxial and adaxial periclinal wall) were also investigated in expanding and fully expanded leaflets. Fully expanded leaflets from urban sites exhibited increased thickness of the lamina and the palisade parenchyma, while the thickness of the spongy parenchyma was thicker in suburban specimens. The palisade tissue was less extended than the spongy tissue in expanding leaflets, while the opposite held true for the expanded leaflets. Moreover, the thickness of the adaxial and the abaxial epidermises, as well as the adaxial and abaxial periclinal wall were higher in suburban leaflets. The chlorophyll content increased concomitantly with the specific leaf area (SLA) of both expanding and expanded leaflets, and strong positive correlations were detected, while the phenolic content declined with the increased SLA of expanding and expanded leaflets. It is noteworthy that the SLA of expanding leaflets in the suburban site was comparable to the SLA of expanded leaflets experiencing air pollution in urban sites; the size and the mass of leaf blades of C. siliqua possess adaptive features to air pollution. These results, linked to the functional structure of expanding and expanded successive foliar tissues, provide valuable assessment information coordinated with an adaptive process and yield of carob trees exposed to the considered ambient conditions, which have not hitherto been published.
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Physiological Parameters of the State of Pinus Pallasiana D. Don in different Forest-Growth Conditions in Ravine Viyskovyi. EKOLÓGIA (BRATISLAVA) 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/eko-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The influence of different forest-growth conditions on the ecological and physiological parameters of Pinus pallasiana D. Don plants growing in anti-erosion planting is investigated. The experimental sites are located in the thalweg (test area 1) and on the slope of southern exposure in the lower, middle, and upper parts (test areas 2–4) of Ravine Viyskovyi (steppe zone of Ukraine). Forest-growth conditions are clay-loam soil (CL2) (mesophilic, fresh soil), СL1–2 (xeromesophilic, rather fresh), СL1 (mesoxerophilic, somewhat dry or semi-arid), and СL0–1 (xerophilic, arid) correspondently. It was shown that the growth rates of trees, the growth rate of lateral (scaffold) branches in length and thickness, needle-packing coefficient, and needle surface area of annual shoots are maximal in P. pallasianа in the thalweg in conditions of the best water supply and minimal in arid and semi-arid conditions of growth. The research revealed that the highest content of total water in the needles is characteristic of plants of fresh forest plant conditions and the smallest in arid and semi-arid areas (test areas 3 and 4), which is consistent with the forest-vegetation conditions.
Sufficient contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in all areas and phosphorus in three areas except the middle part of the slope were found in the needles of P. pallasianа. However, insufficient content of nitrogen was found in the needles, especially in the trees of the middle part of the slope, which, together with low water supply, could cause the most significant slowdown in the growth of P. pallasianа plants precisely on this experimental site. A correlation was established between the indices of plant growth and the content of water and nutrients.
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Jadrane I, Al Feddy MN, Dounas H, Kouisni L, Aziz F, Ouahmane L. Inoculation with selected indigenous mycorrhizal complex improves Ceratonia siliqua's growth and response to drought stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:825-832. [PMID: 33424372 PMCID: PMC7783803 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we investigated the impact of inoculation with a selected indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) complex on the growth and physiology of carob plants at increasing levels of watering (25, 50, 75 and 100% field capacity). The following growth and stress parameters were monitored in carob seedlings after 6 months of growth and 2 months of applied drought stress: fresh and dry weight, root and shoot lengths, leaf surface area, relative water content, stomatal conductance and membrane stability. Chlorophyll a and b, total soluble sugars, proline and protein contents were also determined along with the activities of stress enzymes: Catalase, Peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase. The obtained results indicate that inoculation with the indigenous AMF complex has a positive impact on the plant’s growth as all the assessed parameters were significantly improved in the mycorrhizal plants. Additionally, our results show that mycorrhization contributes to the minimization of the impact of drought stress on the carob plants and allows a better adaptation to dry conditions.
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Key Words
- AMF, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
- CAT, Catalase
- Ceratonia siliqua
- Climate change
- DW, Dry weight
- Drought stress
- EDTA, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- FC, Field capacity
- FW, Fresh weight
- G-POD, Guaiacol-peroxidase
- MPa, Millipascal
- MSI, Membrane Stability Index
- Mediterranean zone
- Mycorrhizae
- NBT, Nitro blue tetrazolium
- NM, Non mycorrhizal
- OD, Optical density
- Oxidative stress
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- PVPP, Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
- RWC, Relative water content
- SC, Stomatal conductance
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TSS, Total Soluble sugars
- TW, Turgid weight
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Jadrane
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Najib Al Feddy
- Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Plant Protection Research Unit, CRRA Marrakesh, National Institute for Agronomical Research, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Hanane Dounas
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Agrobiosciences Program, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Faissal Aziz
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Lahcen Ouahmane
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
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Boutasknit A, Baslam M, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Anli M, Ben-Laouane R, Douira A, El Modafar C, Mitsui T, Wahbi S, Meddich A. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediate Drought Tolerance and Recovery in Two Contrasting Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) Ecotypes by Regulating Stomatal, Water Relations, and (In)Organic Adjustments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E80. [PMID: 31936327 PMCID: PMC7020440 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Irregular precipitation and drought caused an increase in tree mortality rates in multiple forest biomes with alterations in both ecosystem services and carbon balance. Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) growth and production in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are likely affected by climate change-induced droughts. Understanding the physiological responses of drought-induced early-stage tree death and strategies to enhance drought tolerance and optimize growth will help tree improvement programs. Mycorrhizal inoculation has a pronounced impact on plant growth, water absorption, mineral nutrition, and protection from abiotic stresses. However, a better understanding of these complex interconnected cellular processes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-mediated mechanisms regulating drought tolerance in plants will enhance its potential application as an efficient approach for bio-amelioration of stresses. The objectives of this work were to elucidate the different effects of autochthone AMF on inorganic solute and water content uptakes, organic adjustments (sugar and proteins content), leaf gas exchange (stomatal conductance and efficiency of photosystems I and II), and oxidative damage of two contrasting ecotypes of carob seedlings: coastal (southern ecotype (SE)) and in-land (northern ecotype (NE)) under control (C), drought (by cessation of irrigation for 15 days (15D)), and recovery (R) conditions. Our findings showed that AMF promoted growth, nutrient content, and physiological and biochemical parameters in plants of both ecotypes during C, 15D, and R conditions. After four days of recovery, stomatal conductance (gs), the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), water content, and plant uptake of mineral nutrients (P, K, Na, and Ca) were significantly higher in shoots of mycorrhizal (AM) than non-mycorrhizal (NM) control plants. Consequently, AMF reduced to a greater degree the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidative damage to lipid (malondialdehyde (MDA)) content in AM than NM plants in NE and SE, after recovery. Altogether, our findings suggest that AMF can play a role in drought resistance of carob trees at an early stage by increasing the inorganic solutes (P, K, Na, and Ca), water content uptake, organic solutes (soluble sugars and protein content), stomatal conductance, and defense response against oxidative damage during re-watering after drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Boutasknit
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP: 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP: 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Anli
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP: 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Raja Ben-Laouane
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP: 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Allal Douira
- Laboratory of Botany and Plant Protection, Faculty of Science, BP. 133, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
| | - Cherkaoui El Modafar
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Bioengineering, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cadi Ayyad University, BP: 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Toshiaki Mitsui
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Said Wahbi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP: 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP: 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
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Rasheed F, Delagrange S. Acclimation of Betula alleghaniensis Britton to moderate soil water deficit: small morphological changes make for important consequences in crown display. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1320-1329. [PMID: 27591439 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the predicted increasing frequency of summer droughts in the northeastern deciduous forest of North America due to climate change, we investigated the acclimation capacity of yellow birch, an economically important native tree species, to soil water deficit. We carried out an integrated examination of allocation of biomass, leaf physiology, branching pattern and in situ 3D crown display. Potted seedlings were subjected to moderate soil water deficit for four consecutive months during their second growing season. Individuals under soil water deficit showed a 40% decrease in biomass accumulation but no change in the relative allocation of biomass to the different plant compartments. Net CO2 assimilation rates at leaf level decreased under water deficit (~15%) but could not alone explain the total reduction in growth, excluding the carbon starvation hypothesis. The observed reduction in net CO2 assimilation rates was related to a decrease in stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content. STARzen (in situ silhouette to total leaf area ratio; a proxy for light interception efficiency) decreased under soil water deficit due to shifts in biomass allocation within the branch compartment from long upper axes to short bottom axes. Despite the fact that the understanding of the processes involved in growth reduction and branching pattern alteration will need more attention in future research, we conclude that under water deficit yellow birch at young stages will: (i) experience a substantial loss of growth and biomass; and (ii) acclimate through architectural plasticity rather than through changes in the relative allocation of root biomass to enhance its water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Rasheed
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Temperate Forest Sciences (ISFORT), University of Quebec in Outaouais (UQO), 58 Main St, Ripon, Quebec, Canada J0V 1V0
- Department of Forestry, Range Management & Wildlife, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PO Box 38000, Pakistan
- Climate Change Chair, US-Pakistan Centre of Advance Studies for Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PO Box 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sylvain Delagrange
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Temperate Forest Sciences (ISFORT), University of Quebec in Outaouais (UQO), 58 Main St, Ripon, Quebec, Canada J0V 1V0
- Centre for Forest Research (CFR), UQAM, PO Box 8888, Centre-Ville Station, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8
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Puttonen E, Briese C, Mandlburger G, Wieser M, Pfennigbauer M, Zlinszky A, Pfeifer N. Quantification of Overnight Movement of Birch (Betula pendula) Branches and Foliage with Short Interval Terrestrial Laser Scanning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:222. [PMID: 26973668 PMCID: PMC4770040 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to determine circadian movements of silver birch (Petula Bendula) branches and foliage detected with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The study consisted of two geographically separate experiments conducted in Finland and in Austria. Both experiments were carried out at the same time of the year and under similar outdoor conditions. Experiments consisted of 14 (Finland) and 77 (Austria) individual laser scans taken between sunset and sunrise. The resulting point clouds were used in creating a time series of branch movements. In the Finnish data, the vertical movement of the whole tree crown was monitored due to low volumetric point density. In the Austrian data, movements of manually selected representative points on branches were monitored. The movements were monitored from dusk until morning hours in order to avoid daytime wind effects. The results indicated that height deciles of the Finnish birch crown had vertical movements between -10.0 and 5.0 cm compared to the situation at sunset. In the Austrian data, the maximum detected representative point movement was 10.0 cm. The temporal development of the movements followed a highly similar pattern in both experiments, with the maximum movements occurring about an hour and a half before (Austria) or around (Finland) sunrise. The results demonstrate the potential of terrestrial laser scanning measurements in support of chronobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Puttonen
- Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of FinlandMasala, Finland
- Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research, National Land Survey of FinlandMasala, Finland
| | - Christian Briese
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität WienVienna, Austria
- EODC Earth Observation Data Centre for Water Resources MonitoringVienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Mandlburger
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität WienVienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wieser
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität WienVienna, Austria
| | | | - András Zlinszky
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesTihany, Hungary
| | - Norbert Pfeifer
- Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität WienVienna, Austria
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The effect of triazole induced photosynthetic pigments and biochemical constituents of Zea mays L. (Maize) under drought stress. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-015-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Bartlett MK, Zhang Y, Kreidler N, Sun S, Ardy R, Cao K, Sack L. Global analysis of plasticity in turgor loss point, a key drought tolerance trait. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:1580-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. Bartlett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California Los Angeles; 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Mengla Yunnan 66303 China
| | - Nissa Kreidler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California Los Angeles; 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Mengla Yunnan 66303 China
| | - Rico Ardy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California Los Angeles; 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Kunfang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Mengla Yunnan 66303 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, and College of Forestry; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi 530005 China
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California Los Angeles; 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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Gribaa A, Dardelle F, Lehner A, Rihouey C, Burel C, Ferchichi A, Driouich A, Mollet JC. Effect of water deficit on the cell wall of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera 'Deglet nour', Arecales) fruit during development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1056-70. [PMID: 23176574 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is an important crop providing a valuable nutrition source for people in many countries including the Middle East and North Africa. In recent years, the amount of rain in North Africa and especially in the Tunisian palm grove areas has dropped significantly. We investigated the growth and cell wall remodelling of fruits harvested at three key development stages from trees grown with or without water supply. During development, cell wall solubilization and remodelling was characterized by a decrease of the degree of methylesterification of pectin, an important loss of galactose content and a reduction of the branching of xylan by arabinose in irrigated condition. Water deficit had a profound effect on fruit size, pulp content, cell wall composition and remodelling. Loss of galactose content was not as important, arabinose content was significantly higher in the pectin-enriched extracts from non-irrigated condition, and the levels of methylesterification of pectin and O-acetylation of xyloglucan were lower than in irrigated condition. The lower levels of hydrophobic groups (methylester and O-acetyl) and the less intensive degradation of the hydrophilic galactan, arabinan and arabinogalactan in the cell wall may be implicated in maintaining the hydration status of the cells under water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gribaa
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES EA 4358, IRIB, Normandy University, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
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Shao HB, Chu LY, Jaleel CA, Manivannan P, Panneerselvam R, Shao MA. Understanding water deficit stress-induced changes in the basic metabolism of higher plants - biotechnologically and sustainably improving agriculture and the ecoenvironment in arid regions of the globe. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2009; 29:131-51. [PMID: 19412828 DOI: 10.1080/07388550902869792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Water is vital for plant growth, development and productivity. Permanent or temporary water deficit stress limits the growth and distribution of natural and artificial vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants (crops) more than any other environmental factor. Productive and sustainable agriculture necessitates growing plants (crops) in arid and semiarid regions with less input of precious resources such as fresh water. For a better understanding and rapid improvement of soil-water stress tolerance in these regions, especially in the water-wind eroded crossing region, it is very important to link physiological and biochemical studies to molecular work in genetically tractable model plants and important native plants, and further extending them to practical ecological restoration and efficient crop production. Although basic studies and practices aimed at improving soil water stress resistance and plant water use efficiency have been carried out for many years, the mechanisms involved at different scales are still not clear. Further understanding and manipulating soil-plant water relationships and soil-water stress tolerance at the scales of ecology, physiology and molecular biology can significantly improve plant productivity and environmental quality. Currently, post-genomics and metabolomics are very important in exploring anti-drought gene resources in various life forms, but modern agriculturally sustainable development must be combined with plant physiological measures in the field, on the basis of which post-genomics and metabolomics have further practical prospects. In this review, we discuss physiological and molecular insights and effects in basic plant metabolism, drought tolerance strategies under drought conditions in higher plants for sustainable agriculture and ecoenvironments in arid and semiarid areas of the world. We conclude that biological measures are the bases for the solutions to the issues relating to the different types of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Shao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Shao HB, Chu LY, Jaleel CA, Zhao CX. Water-deficit stress-induced anatomical changes in higher plants. C R Biol 2008; 331:215-25. [PMID: 18280987 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water is vital for plant growth and development. Water-deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and the distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors do. Although research and practices aimed at improving water-stress resistance and water-use efficiency have been carried out for many years, the mechanism involved is still not clear. Further understanding and manipulating plant-water relations and water-stress tolerance at the scale of physiology and molecular biology can significantly improve plant productivity and environmental quality. Currently, post-genomics and metabolomics are very important to explore anti-drought gene resource in different life forms, but modern agricultural sustainable development must be combined with plant physiological measures in the field, on the basis of which post-genomics and metabolomics will have further a practical prospect. In this review, we discussed the anatomical changes and drought-tolerance strategies under drought condition in higher plants.
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Pereira JS, David JS, David TS, Caldeira MC, Chaves MM. Carbon and Water Fluxes in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems — Constraints and Adaptations. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18819-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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