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Méndez-Hernández HA, Galaz-Ávalos RM, Quintana-Escobar AO, Pech-Hoil R, Collí-Rodríguez AM, Salas-Peraza IQ, Loyola-Vargas VM. In Vitro Conversion of Coffea spp. Somatic Embryos in SETIS™ Bioreactor System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3055. [PMID: 37687302 PMCID: PMC10490467 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an excellent example of mass plant propagation. Due to its genetic variability and low somaclonal variation, coffee SE has become a model for in vitro propagation of woody species, as well as for large-scale production of vigorous plants that are advantageous to modern agriculture. The success of the large-scale propagation of an embryogenic system is dependent on the development, optimization, and transfer of complementary system technologies. In this study, two successful SE systems were combined with a SETIS™ bioreactor immersion system to develop an efficient and cost-effective approach for the in vitro development of somatic embryos of Coffea spp. This study used an efficient protocol for obtaining somatic embryos, utilizing direct and indirect SE for both C. canephora and C. arabica. Embryos in the cotyledonary stage were deposited in a bioreactor to complete their stage of development from embryo to plant with minimal manipulation. Following ten weeks of cultivation in the bioreactor, complete and vigorous plants were obtained. Different parameters such as fresh weight, length, number of leaves, and root length, as well as stomatal index and relative water content, were recorded. In addition, the survival rate and ex vitro development of plantlets during acclimatization was assessed. The best substrate combination was garden soil (GS), peat moss (PM), and agrolite (A) in a 1:1:0.5 ratio, in which the bioreactor-regenerated plants showed an acclimatization rate greater than 90%. This is the first report on the use of SETIS™ bioreactors for the in vitro development of somatic embryos in Coffea spp., providing a technology that could be utilized for the commercial in vitro propagation of coffee plants. A link between research and innovation is necessary to establish means of communication that facilitate technology transfer. This protocol can serve as a basis for the generation and scaling of different species of agroeconomic importance. However, other bottlenecks in the production chains and the field must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A. Méndez-Hernández
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
| | - Rosa M. Galaz-Ávalos
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
| | - Ana O. Quintana-Escobar
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
| | - Rodolfo Pech-Hoil
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
| | - Ana M. Collí-Rodríguez
- Yucatan Science and Technology Park, Carretera Sierra Papacal—Chuburna Puerto, Km. 5.5, Sierra Papacal 97302, Yucatán, Mexico; (A.M.C.-R.); (I.Q.S.-P.)
| | - Itzamná Q. Salas-Peraza
- Yucatan Science and Technology Park, Carretera Sierra Papacal—Chuburna Puerto, Km. 5.5, Sierra Papacal 97302, Yucatán, Mexico; (A.M.C.-R.); (I.Q.S.-P.)
| | - Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Yucatan Scientific Research Center, Street 43, No.130 x 32 y 34, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (H.A.M.-H.); (R.M.G.-Á.); (A.O.Q.-E.); (R.P.-H.)
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Aguilar ME, Wang XY, Escalona M, Yan L, Huang LF. Somatic embryogenesis of Arabica coffee in temporary immersion culture: Advances, limitations, and perspectives for mass propagation of selected genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994578. [PMID: 36275513 PMCID: PMC9582858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Culture in temporary immersion systems (TIS) is a valuable tool for the semi-automation of high frequency somatic embryogenesis of coffee. This system allows the intermittent exposure of explants to liquid medium in cycles of specific frequency and duration of immersion with renewal of the culture atmosphere in each cycle. TIS have revolutionized somatic embryogenesis of coffee plants as an alternative for scaling up and reducing costs associated with labor-intensive solid media culture. In Central America, somatic embryogenesis is employed on a commercial scale to produce F1 Coffea arabica hybrids. In Asia and Africa, somatic embryogenesis is used for the multiplication of selected genotypes of C. arabica and C.canephora. Somatic embryogenesis of coffee plants is considered a model system for woody species due to its biological versatility and low frequency of somaclonal variation. Nevertheless, the success of somatic embryogenesis for mass propagation of coffee plants depends on the development, optimization, and transfer of complementary technologies. Temporary immersion using the RITA® bioreactor is, so far, the best complementary tool for somatic embryogenesis of Arabica coffee for a single recipient with simple changes in liquid media. Likewise, high volume bioreactors, such as 10-L glass BIT® and 10-L flexible disposable plastic bags, have been successfully used for somatic embryogenesis of other coffee species. These bioreactors allow the manipulation of thousands of embryos under semi-automated conditions. The protocols, advantages, and benefits of this technology have been well documented for organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis pathways. However, adaptation in commercial laboratories requires technical and logistical adjustments based on the biological response of the cultures as well as the costs of implementation and production. This review presents the historical and present background of TIS and its commercial application and, in particular, pertinent information regarding temporary immersion culture for C. arabica somatic embryogenesis. The main limitations of this technology, such as hyperhydricity, asynchrony, and developmental abnormalities, are examined, and a critical analysis of current knowledge regarding physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of the plant response to temporary immersion is offered. Further, perspectives are provided for understanding and solving the morpho-physiological problems associated with temporary immersion culture of coffee plants. Systematic Review Registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Aguilar
- Biotechnology Laboratories, Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Xiao-yang Wang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, China
| | - Maritza Escalona
- Plant Tissues Culture Lab, Centro de Bioplantas, Universidad Ciego de Ávila, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Lin Yan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, China
| | - Li-fang Huang
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, China
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Etienne H, Breton D, Breitler JC, Bertrand B, Déchamp E, Awada R, Marraccini P, Léran S, Alpizar E, Campa C, Courtel P, Georget F, Ducos JP. Coffee Somatic Embryogenesis: How Did Research, Experience Gained and Innovations Promote the Commercial Propagation of Elite Clones From the Two Cultivated Species? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1630. [PMID: 30483287 PMCID: PMC6240679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1990s, somatic embryogenesis (SE) has enabled the propagation of selected varieties, Arabica F1 hybrid and Robusta clones, originating from the two cultivated coffee species, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora, respectively. This paper shows how mostly empirical research has led to successful industrial transfers launched in the 2000s in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Coffee SE can be considered as a model for other woody perennial crops for the following reasons: (i) a high biological efficiency has been demonstrated for propagated varieties at all developmental stages, and (ii) somaclonal variation is understood and mastered thanks to intensive research combining molecular markers and field observations. Coffee SE is also a useful model given the strong economic constraints that are specific to this species. In brief, SE faced four difficulties: (i) the high cost of SE derived plants compared to the cost of seedlings of conventional varieties, (ii) the logistic problems involved in reaching small-scale coffee growers, (iii) the need for certification, and (iv) the lack of solvency among small-scale producers. Nursery activities were professionalized by introducing varietal certification, quality control with regard to horticultural problems and somaclonal variation, and sanitary control for Xylella fastidiosa. In addition, different technology transfers were made to ensure worldwide dissemination of improved F1 Arabica hybrids and Robusta clones. Innovations have been decisive for successful scaling-up and reduction of production costs, such as the development of temporary immersion bioreactors for the mass production of pre-germinated embryos, their direct sowing on horticultural soil, and the propagation of rejuvenated SE plants by rooted mini-cuttings. Today, SE is a powerful tool that is widely used in coffee for biotechnological applications including propagation and genetic transformation. Basic research has recently started taking advantage of optimized SE protocols. Based on -omics methodologies, research aims to decipher the molecular events involved in the key developmental switches of coffee SE. In parallel, a high-throughput screening of active molecules on SE appears to be a promising tool to speed-up the optimization of SE protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Etienne
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
- IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - David Breton
- Nestlé R&D Center Tours – Plant Science Research Unit, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Breitler
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
- IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
- IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Eveline Déchamp
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
- IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Rayan Awada
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
- IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Nestlé R&D Center Tours – Plant Science Research Unit, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Marraccini
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
- IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Léran
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
- IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claudine Campa
- IRD, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, IPME, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Frédéric Georget
- CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France
- IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Ducos
- Nestlé R&D Center Tours – Plant Science Research Unit, Tours, France
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Campos NA, Panis B, Carpentier SC. Somatic Embryogenesis in Coffee: The Evolution of Biotechnology and the Integration of Omics Technologies Offer Great Opportunities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1460. [PMID: 28871271 PMCID: PMC5566963 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important crops cultivated around the world is coffee. There are two main cultivated species, Coffea arabica and C. canephora. Both species are difficult to improve through conventional breeding, taking at least 20 years to produce a new cultivar. Biotechnological tools such as genetic transformation, micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis (SE) have been extensively studied in order to provide practical results for coffee improvement. While genetic transformation got many attention in the past and is booming with the CRISPR technology, micropropagation and SE are still the major bottle neck and urgently need more attention. The methodologies to induce SE and the further development of the embryos are genotype-dependent, what leads to an almost empirical development of specific protocols for each cultivar or clone. This is a serious limitation and excludes a general comprehensive understanding of the process as a whole. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of which achievements and molecular insights have been gained in (coffee) somatic embryogenesis and encourage researchers to invest further in the in vitro technology and combine it with the latest omics techniques (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics). We conclude that the evolution of biotechnology and the integration of omics technologies offer great opportunities to (i) optimize the production process of SE and the subsequent conversion into rooted plantlets and (ii) to screen for possible somaclonal variation. However, currently the usage of the latest biotechnology did not pass the stage beyond proof of potential and needs to further improve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastien C. Carpentier
- Department of Biosystems, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
- Facility for Systems Biology Based Mass Spectrometry, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
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Field Performance and Genetic Fidelity of Micropropagated Plants of Coffea canephora (Pierre ex A. Froehner). Open Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study was conducted to compare the growth and yield of one of the commercial hybrid coffee cultivars (Coffea congensis x Coffea canephora) of robusta coffee established from somatic embryogenesis as well as conventional seedlings. Results indicated no statistically significant differences in the growth pattern or the cumulative yield between the somatic embryogenesis derived plants and the seedlings. The genetic fidelity of somatic embryogenesis derived plants and the mother plant was tested using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. A total of 24 SRAP primers were employed for DNA analysis which produced a total of 153 clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons of variable size. Out of 24 SRAP primers, 9 primers produced amplification patterns which are identical between the mother plants and plants derived from somatic embryogenesis. Cluster analysis revealed more than 95% genetic similarity between the somatic embryogenesis derived plants and the mother plants indicating a high degree of genetic fidelity. The present study clearly demonstrates the usefulness of SRAP markers in genetic fidelity analysis of coffee.
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Sattler MC, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. Regeneration of Allotriploid Coffea Plants from Tissue Culture: Resolving the Propagation Problems Promoted by Irregular Meiosis. CYTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.81.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cansian Sattler
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Rival A, Ilbert P, Labeyrie A, Torres E, Doulbeau S, Personne A, Dussert S, Beulé T, Durand-Gasselin T, Tregear JW, Jaligot E. Variations in genomic DNA methylation during the long-term in vitro proliferation of oil palm embryogenic suspension cultures. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:359-368. [PMID: 23179461 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE : The long-term proliferation of embryogenic cell suspensions of oil palm is associated with changes in both genomic methylation rates and embryogenic capacities. In the aim of exploring the relationship between epigenetic stability and the long-term in vitro proliferation of plant tissues, we have studied changes in genomic DNA methylation levels in embryogenic suspensions of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Five embryogenic callus lines were obtained from selected hybrid seeds and then proliferated as suspension cultures. Each clonal line obtained from a single genotype was subdivided into three independent subclonal lines. Once established, cultures proliferated for 12 months and genomic DNA was sampled at 4 months intervals for the estimation of global DNA methylation rates through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantitation of deoxynucleosides. Our results show that in vitro proliferation induces DNA hypermethylation in a time-dependent fashion. Moreover, this trend is statistically significant in several clonal lines and shared between subclonal lines originating from the same genotype. Interestingly, the only clonal line undergoing loss of genomic methylation in the course of proliferation has been found unable to generate somatic embryos. We discuss the possible implications of genome-wide DNA methylation changes in proliferating cells with a view to the maintenance of genomic and epigenomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Rival
- CIRAD, UMR DIADE (IRD, UMSF), 34394, Montpellier, France
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Bobadilla Landey R, Cenci A, Georget F, Bertrand B, Camayo G, Dechamp E, Herrera JC, Santoni S, Lashermes P, Simpson J, Etienne H. High genetic and epigenetic stability in Coffea arabica plants derived from embryogenic suspensions and secondary embryogenesis as revealed by AFLP, MSAP and the phenotypic variation rate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56372. [PMID: 23418563 PMCID: PMC3572038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryogenic suspensions that involve extensive cell division are risky in respect to genome and epigenome instability. Elevated frequencies of somaclonal variation in embryogenic suspension-derived plants were reported in many species, including coffee. This problem could be overcome by using culture conditions that allow moderate cell proliferation. In view of true-to-type large-scale propagation of C. arabica hybrids, suspension protocols based on low 2,4-D concentrations and short proliferation periods were developed. As mechanisms leading to somaclonal variation are often complex, the phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic changes were jointly assessed so as to accurately evaluate the conformity of suspension-derived plants. The effects of embryogenic suspensions and secondary embryogenesis, used as proliferation systems, on the genetic conformity of somatic embryogenesis-derived plants (emblings) were assessed in two hybrids. When applied over a 6 month period, both systems ensured very low somaclonal variation rates, as observed through massive phenotypic observations in field plots (0.74% from 200,000 plant). Molecular AFLP and MSAP analyses performed on 145 three year-old emblings showed that polymorphism between mother plants and emblings was extremely low, i.e. ranges of 0-0.003% and 0.07-0.18% respectively, with no significant difference between the proliferation systems for the two hybrids. No embling was found to cumulate more than three methylation polymorphisms. No relation was established between the variant phenotype (27 variants studied) and a particular MSAP pattern. Chromosome counting showed that 7 of the 11 variant emblings analyzed were characterized by the loss of 1-3 chromosomes. This work showed that both embryogenic suspensions and secondary embryogenesis are reliable for true-to-type propagation of elite material. Molecular analyses revealed that genetic and epigenetic alterations are particularly limited during coffee somatic embryogenesis. The main change in most of the rare phenotypic variants was aneuploidy, indicating that mitotic aberrations play a major role in somaclonal variation in coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bobadilla Landey
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioagresseurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Alberto Cenci
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioagresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Georget
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioagresseurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioagresseurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Gloria Camayo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Eveline Dechamp
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioagresseurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvain Santoni
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lashermes
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioagresseurs, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - June Simpson
- Department of Plant Genetic Engineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Hervé Etienne
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Résistance des Plantes aux Bioagresseurs, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
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Ribas AF, Dechamp E, Champion A, Bertrand B, Combes MC, Verdeil JL, Lapeyre F, Lashermes P, Etienne H. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Coffea arabica (L.) is greatly enhanced by using established embryogenic callus cultures. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:92. [PMID: 21595964 PMCID: PMC3111370 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following genome sequencing of crop plants, one of the main challenges today is determining the function of all the predicted genes. When gene validation approaches are used for woody species, the main obstacle is the low recovery rate of transgenic plants from elite or commercial cultivars. Embryogenic calli have frequently been the target tissue for transformation, but the difficulty in producing or maintaining embryogenic tissues is one of the main problems encountered in genetic transformation of many woody plants, including Coffea arabica. RESULTS We identified the conditions required for successful long-term proliferation of embryogenic cultures in C. arabica and designed a highly efficient and reliable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method based on these conditions. The transformation protocol with LBA1119 harboring pBin 35S GFP was established by evaluating the effect of different parameters on transformation efficiency by GFP detection. Using embryogenic callus cultures, co-cultivation with LBA1119 OD600 = 0.6 for five days at 20 °C enabled reproducible transformation. The maintenance conditions for the embryogenic callus cultures, particularly a high auxin to cytokinin ratio, the age of the culture (optimum for 7-10 months of proliferation) and the use of a yellow callus phenotype, were the most important factors for achieving highly efficient transformation (> 90%). At the histological level, successful transformation was related to the number of proembryogenic masses present. All the selected plants were proved to be transformed by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. CONCLUSION Most progress in increasing transformation efficiency in coffee has been achieved by optimizing the production conditions of embryogenic cultures used as target tissues for transformation. This is the first time that a strong positive effect of the age of the culture on transformation efficiency was demonstrated. Our results make Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryogenic cultures a viable and useful tool both for coffee breeding and for the functional analysis of agronomically important genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra F Ribas
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Département des Systèmes Biologiques (CIRAD-BIOS). UMR-RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Eveline Dechamp
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Département des Systèmes Biologiques (CIRAD-BIOS). UMR-RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Champion
- IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Département des Systèmes Biologiques (CIRAD-BIOS). UMR-RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Combes
- IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Verdeil
- CIRAD-BIOS, MRI, UMR-DAP, Plant cell imaging platform (www.PHIV.cirad.fr), Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Fabienne Lapeyre
- CIRAD-BIOS, MRI, UMR-DAP, Plant cell imaging platform (www.PHIV.cirad.fr), Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Lashermes
- IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Etienne
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Département des Systèmes Biologiques (CIRAD-BIOS). UMR-RPB (CIRAD, IRD, Université Montpellier II), 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
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Bertrand B, Villarreal D, Laffargue A, Posada H, Lashermes P, Dussert S. Comparison of the effectiveness of fatty acids, chlorogenic acids, and elements for the chemometric discrimination of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties and growing origins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:2273-80. [PMID: 18303823 DOI: 10.1021/jf073314f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to compare the effectiveness of three chemical families, namely, chlorogenic acids, fatty acids, and elements, for the discrimination of Arabica varieties (traditional versus modern introgressed lines) and potential terroirs within a given coffee-growing area. The experimental design included three Colombian locations in full combination with five (one traditional and four introgressed) Arabica varieties and two field replications. Chlorogenic acids, fatty acids, and elements were analyzed in coffee bean samples by HPLC, GC, and ICP-AES, respectively. Principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were carried out to compare the three methods. Although elements provided an excellent classification of the three locations studied, this chemical class was useless for Arabica variety discrimination. Chlorogenic acids gave satisfactory results, but fatty acids clearly offered the best results for the determination of both varieties and environments, with very high percentages of correct classification (79 and 90%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bertrand
- CIRAD, UMR RPB, 911 Avenue Agropolis, B.P. 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Abstract
In coffee, bioreactors are the most promising way for scaling-up micropropagation processes, particularly somatic embryogenesis. The availability of an efficient somatic embryogenesis process would allow the rapid mass production of heterozygous materials such as selected Coffea canephora clones and F1 Arabica hybrid varieties. For the last fifteen years, bioreactors (mechanically or pneumatically agitated bioreactors, temporary immersion bioreactors) have mostly been used on coffee to optimize the mass regeneration of somatic embryos from embryogenic tissues. This review presents the main results, obtained with several bioreactor models, concerning the different steps of the micropropagation process : i) the multiplication of embryogenic tissues, ii) the somatic embryo mass regeneration and iii) the production of pre-germinated embryos and plantlets in bioreactors. The literature shows that scaling-up can be successful, since very efficient embryo production has been achieved for both C. arabica and C. canephora. Moreover, it was proven that the pre-germinated coffee embryos - i.e. embryonic axis elongation (10-12 mm), root tip formation, cotyledon expansion and greening - obtained in temporary immersion bioreactors were photoautotrophic and able to regenerate vigorous plantlets after sowing under nursery conditions. The feasibility to apply the bioreactor technology in an industrial micropropagation procedure is also discussed in the particular socio-economic context of coffee growing.
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Wilhelm E, Hristoforoglu K, Fluch S, Burg K. Detection of microsatellite instability during somatic embryogenesis of oak (Quercus robur L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2005; 23:790-795. [PMID: 15503031 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Revised: 09/18/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Five microsatellite loci (QpZAG1/5, QpZAG9, QpZAG36, MSQ4, MSQ13) were used to test for genetic stability of three somatic embryogenic culture lines of Quercus robur L. and plantlets derived therefrom. DNA variation was detected among somatic embryos within all embryogenic lines, whereas no genetic instability was found among the regenerated plants. Two microsatellite loci revealed variation, and a locus-dependent instability was observed. The most polymorphic and useful microsatellite locus for detecting genetic variation was QpZAG9, with 28.5% of the investigated loci being variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wilhelm
- Division of Environment and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, ARC Seibersdorf Research, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria.
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