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Han Y, Wang G, Xiong L, Xu Y, Li S. Rainfall effect on soil respiration depends on antecedent soil moisture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172130. [PMID: 38569962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change has a discernible influence on rainfall patterns, thus potentially affecting the intricate dynamics of soil respiration (Rs) and soil carbon storage. However, we still lack a profound understanding of the determinants of Rs response to rainfall events. Here, utilizing a comprehensive 10-year dataset (2004-2013), we explored the direction and magnitude of Rs response to rainfall events and the underlying determinants in a temperate forest. Based on the identified 368 rainfall events over the study period, we demonstrate that rainfall suppresses Rs when the soil moisture is optimal and moist in the growing season, whereas its effect on Rs during the non-growing season is minimal. Notably, antecedent soil moisture, rather than rainfall amount, shows a substantial impact on Rs during the growing season (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.37 for antecedent soil moisture, and R2 < 0.01 for rainfall amount). Incorporating antecedent soil moisture significantly enhances the explanatory power (R2) from 0.09 to 0.45 regarding the relative changes in Rs following rainfall events. Our results highlight the environmental dependency of Rs response to rainfall events and suggest that incorporating the role of antecedent soil moisture could enhance predictability and reduce uncertainty in ecosystem modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Lihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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North MG, Kovaleski AP. Time to budbreak is not enough: cold hardiness evaluation is necessary in dormancy and spring phenology studies. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:217-224. [PMID: 37971306 PMCID: PMC11005757 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dormancy of buds is an important phase in the life cycle of perennial plants growing in environments where unsuitable growth conditions occur seasonally. In regions where low temperature defines these unsuitable conditions, the attainment of cold hardiness is also required for survival. The end of the dormant period culminates in budbreak and flower emergence, or spring phenology, one of the most appreciated and studied phenological events - a time also understood to be most sensitive to low-temperature damage. Despite this, we have a limited physiological and molecular understanding of dormancy, which has negatively affected our ability to model budbreak. This is also true for cold hardiness. SCOPE Here we highlight the importance of including cold hardiness in dormancy studies that typically only characterize time to budbreak. We show how different temperature treatments may lead to increases in cold hardiness, and by doing so also (potentially inadvertently) increase time to budbreak. CONCLUSIONS We present a theory that describes evaluation of cold hardiness as being key to clarifying physiological changes throughout the dormant period, delineating dormancy statuses, and improving both chill and phenology models. Erroneous interpretations of budbreak datasets are possible by not phenotyping cold hardiness. Changes in cold hardiness were very probably present in previous experiments that studied dormancy, especially when those included below-freezing temperature treatments. Separating the effects between chilling accumulation and cold acclimation in future studies will be essential for increasing our understanding of dormancy and spring phenology in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G North
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Al P Kovaleski
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Kerr SC, Shehnaz S, Paudel L, Manivannan MS, Shaw LM, Johnson A, Velasquez JTJ, Tanurdžić M, Cazzonelli CI, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Prentis PJ. Advancing tree genomics to future proof next generation orchard production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1321555. [PMID: 38312357 PMCID: PMC10834703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1321555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The challenges facing tree orchard production in the coming years will be largely driven by changes in the climate affecting the sustainability of farming practices in specific geographical regions. Identifying key traits that enable tree crops to modify their growth to varying environmental conditions and taking advantage of new crop improvement opportunities and technologies will ensure the tree crop industry remains viable and profitable into the future. In this review article we 1) outline climate and sustainability challenges relevant to horticultural tree crop industries, 2) describe key tree crop traits targeted for improvement in agroecosystem productivity and resilience to environmental change, and 3) discuss existing and emerging genomic technologies that provide opportunities for industries to future proof the next generation of orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saiyara Shehnaz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mekaladevi S Manivannan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Shaw
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Johnson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose Teodoro J Velasquez
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Prentis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Yamane H, Andrés F, Bai S, Luedeling E, Or E. Editorial: Environmental and molecular control of bud dormancy and bud break in woody perennials: An integrative approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1104108. [PMID: 36909431 PMCID: PMC9994618 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1104108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisayo Yamane
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fernando Andrés
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hanzhou, China
| | - Eike Luedeling
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Etti Or
- Department of fruit tree sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon Lezion, Israel
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Kovaleski AP. Woody species do not differ in dormancy progression: Differences in time to budbreak due to forcing and cold hardiness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112250119. [PMID: 35500120 PMCID: PMC9171508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112250119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Budbreak is one of the most observed and studied phenological phases in perennial plants, but predictions remain a challenge, largely due to our poor understanding of dormancy. Two dimensions of exposure to temperature are generally used to model budbreak: accumulation of time spent at low temperatures (chilling) and accumulation of heat units (forcing). These two effects have a well-established negative correlation; with more chilling, less forcing is required for budbreak. Furthermore, temperate plant species are assumed to vary in chilling requirements for dormancy completion allowing proper budbreak. Here, dormancy is investigated from the cold hardiness standpoint across many species, demonstrating that it should be accounted for to study dormancy and accurately predict budbreak. Most cold hardiness is lost prior to budbreak, but rates of cold hardiness loss (deacclimation) vary among species, leading to different times to budbreak. Within a species, deacclimation rate increases with accumulation of chill. When inherent differences between species in deacclimation rate are accounted for by normalizing rates throughout winter by the maximum rate observed, a standardized deacclimation potential is produced. Deacclimation potential is a quantitative measurement of dormancy progression based on responsiveness to forcing as chill accumulates, which increases similarly for all species, contradicting estimations of dormancy transition based on budbreak assays. This finding indicates that comparisons of physiologic and genetic control of dormancy require an understanding of cold hardiness dynamics. Thus, an updated framework for studying dormancy and its effects on spring phenology is suggested where cold hardiness in lieu of (or in addition to) budbreak is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al P. Kovaleski
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131
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Takahashi H, Nishihara M, Yoshida C, Itoh K. Gentian FLOWERING LOCUS T orthologs regulate phase transitions: floral induction and endodormancy release. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1887-1899. [PMID: 35026009 PMCID: PMC8968275 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Perennial plants undergo a dormant period in addition to the growth and flowering phases that are commonly observed in annuals and perennials. Consequently, the regulation of these phase transitions in perennials is believed to be complicated. Previous studies have proposed that orthologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) regulate not only floral initiation but also dormancy. We, therefore, investigated the involvement of FT orthologs (GtFT1 and GtFT2) during the phase transitions of the herbaceous perennial gentian (Gentiana triflora). Analysis of seasonal fluctuations in the expression of these genes revealed that GtFT1 expression increased prior to budbreak and flowering, whereas GtFT2 expression was induced by chilling temperatures with the highest expression occurring when endodormancy was released. The expression of FT-related transcription factors, reportedly involved in flowering, also fluctuated during each phase transition. These results suggested the involvement of GtFT1 in budbreak and floral induction and GtFT2 in dormancy regulation, implying that the two gentian FT orthologs activated a different set of transcription factors. Gentian ft2 mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing had a lower frequency of budbreak and budbreak delay in overwintering buds caused by an incomplete endodormancy release. Our results highlighted that the gentian orthologs of FRUITFULL (GtFUL) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-like 1 (GtSVP-L1) act downstream of GtFT2, probably to prevent untimely budbreak during ecodormancy. These results suggest that each gentian FT ortholog regulates a different phase transition by having variable responses to endogenous or environmental cues, leading to their ability to induce the expression of distinct downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takahashi
- Liberal Arts Education Center, Tokai University, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | | | - Chiharu Yoshida
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
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Tominaga A, Ito A, Sugiura T, Yamane H. How Is Global Warming Affecting Fruit Tree Blooming? "Flowering (Dormancy) Disorder" in Japanese Pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia) as a Case Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787638. [PMID: 35211129 PMCID: PMC8861528 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent climate change has resulted in warmer temperatures. Warmer temperatures from autumn to spring has negatively affected dormancy progression, cold (de)acclimation, and cold tolerance in various temperate fruit trees. In Japan, a physiological disorder known as flowering disorder, which is an erratic flowering and bud break disorder, has recently emerged as a serious problem in the production of the pome fruit tree, Japanese (Asian) pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). Due to global warming, the annual temperature in Japan has risen markedly since the 1990s. Surveys of flowering disorder in field-grown and greenhouse-grown Japanese pear trees over several years have indicated that flowering disorder occurs in warmer years and cultivation conditions, and the risk of flowering disorder occurrence is higher at lower latitudes than at higher latitudes. Susceptibility to flowering disorder is linked to changes in the transcript levels of putative dormancy/flowering regulators such as DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). On the basis of published studies, we conclude that autumn-winter warm temperatures cause flowering disorder through affecting cold acclimation, dormancy progression, and floral bud maturation. Additionally, warm conditions also decrease carbohydrate accumulation in shoots, leading to reduced tree vigor. We propose that all these physiological and metabolic changes due to the lack of chilling during the dormancy phase interact to cause flowering disorder in the spring. We also propose that the process of chilling exposure rather than the total amount of chilling may be important for the precise control of dormancy progression and robust blooming, which in turn suggests the necessity of re-evaluation of the characteristics of cultivar-dependent chilling requirement trait. A full understanding of the molecular and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of both dormancy completion (floral bud maturation) and dormancy break (release from the repression of bud break) will help to clarify the physiological basis of dormancy-related physiological disorder and also provide useful strategies to mitigate or overcome it under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiko Ito
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sugiura
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisayo Yamane
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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