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Mo Z, Zhang Y, Hou M, Hu L, Zhai M, Xuan J. Transcriptional dynamics reveals the asymmetrical events underlying graft union formation in pecan (Carya illinoinensis). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae040. [PMID: 38598328 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Grafting is a widely used technique for pecan propagation; however, the background molecular events underlying grafting are still poorly understood. In our study, the graft partners during pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] graft union formation were separately sampled for RNA-seq, and the transcriptional dynamics were described via weighted gene co-expression network analysis. To reveal the main events underlying grafting, the correlations between modules and grafting traits were analyzed. Functional annotation showed that during the entire graft process, signal transduction was activated in the scion, while messenger RNA splicing was induced in the rootstock. At 2 days after grafting, the main processes occurring in the scion were associated with protein synthesis and processing, while the primary processes occurring in the rootstock were energy release-related. During the period of 7-14 days after grafting, defense response was a critical process taking place in the scion; however, the main process functioning in the rootstock was photosynthesis. From 22 to 32 days after grafting, the principal processes taking place in the scion were jasmonic acid biosynthesis and defense response, whereas the highly activated processes associated with the rootstock were auxin biosynthesis and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis. To further prove that the graft partners responded asymmetrically to stress, hydrogen peroxide contents as well as peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase activities were detected, and the results showed that their levels were increased in the scion not the rootstock at certain time points after grafting. Our study reveals that the scion and rootstock might respond asymmetrically to grafting in pecan, and the scion was likely associated with stress response, while the rootstock was probably involved in energy supply and xylem bridge differentiation during graft union formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Mo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mengxin Hou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Longjiao Hu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Min Zhai
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiping Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for the Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Pecan, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
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Hou Y, Qin X, Qiu H, Li D, Xu N, Zhang S, Fang C, Li H. Metabolite profiling and transcriptome analyses provide insight into the regulatory network of graft incompatibility in litchi. Front Genet 2023; 13:1059333. [PMID: 36685870 PMCID: PMC9849251 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1059333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Litchi is an important commercial fruit crop widely grown in the world. Graft incompatibility between rootstocks and scions is a major constraint for large-scale cultivation of litchi orchards, popularization of new and excellent litchi varieties, and associated industrial development. Further, the genetic mechanism of graft incompatibility is still unclear in litchi. To reduce the incompatibility problems, this study investigated metabolic and transcriptomic differences between graft compatible and incompatible rootstock-scion combinations of litchi. The result of metabolomics analysis showed that incompatible rootstock-scion interaction modified the profiles of several metabolic substances. However, various compounds of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignin predominantly exhibited significantly altered abundance in graft incompatible combinations. Transcriptome analysis identified that graft incompatibility induces dynamic gene differences. The majority of these differentially expressed genes were enriched in biosynthetic pathways of phenylpropanoids. The differential expressions of genes in these pathways could be linked to the differential abundance levels of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignin compounds. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed a strong relationship between differential genes and differential metabolites identified in this study. In addition, identified hub genes and metabolites were closely associated with graft incompatibility of litchi. This study characterized the abundance of metabolites and genes in graft incompatible combinations and further discussed the genetic mechanism of graft incompatibility in litchi. Our results provide a platform to dissect the molecular mechanisms of graft incompatibility in the litchi fruit.
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Kaseb MO, Umer MJ, Anees M, Zhu H, Zhao S, Lu X, He N, El-Remaly E, El-Eslamboly A, Yousef AF, Salama EAA, Alrefaei AF, Kalaji HM, Liu W. Transcriptome Profiling to Dissect the Role of Genome Duplication on Graft Compatibility Mechanisms in Watermelon. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:575. [PMID: 35453774 PMCID: PMC9029962 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a popular crop worldwide. Compared to diploid seeded watermelon, triploid seedless watermelon cultivars are in great demand. Grafting in triploid and tetraploid watermelon produces few seedlings. To learn more about how genome duplication affects graft compatibility, we compared the transcriptomes of tetraploid and diploid watermelons grafted on squash rootstock using a splicing technique. WGCNA was used to compare the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between diploid and tetraploid watermelon grafted seedlings at 0, 3, and 15 days after grafting (DAG). Only four gene networks/modules correlated significantly with phenotypic characteristics. We found 11 genes implicated in hormone, AOX, and starch metabolism in these modules based on intramodular significance and RT-qPCR. Among these genes, two were linked with IAA (r2 = 0.81), one with ZR (r2 = 0.85) and one with POD (r2 = 0.74). In the MElightsteelblue1 module, Cla97C11G224830 gene was linked with CAT (r2 = 0.81). Two genes from the MEivory module, Cla97C07G139710 and Cla97C04G077300, were highly linked with SOD (r2 = 0.72). Cla97C01G023850 and Cla97C01G006680 from the MEdarkolivegreen module were associated with sugars and starch (r2 = 0.87). Tetraploid grafted seedlings had higher survival rates and hormone, AOX, sugar, and starch levels than diploids. We believe that compatibility is a complicated issue that requires further molecular research. We found that genome duplication dramatically altered gene expression in the grafted plants' IAA and ZR signal transduction pathways and AOX biosynthesis pathways, regulating hormone levels and improving plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Omar Kaseb
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
- Cross Pollenated Plants Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12119, Egypt; (E.E.-R.); (A.E.-E.)
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Muhammad Anees
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Hongju Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
| | - Eman El-Remaly
- Cross Pollenated Plants Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12119, Egypt; (E.E.-R.); (A.E.-E.)
| | - Ahmed El-Eslamboly
- Cross Pollenated Plants Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12119, Egypt; (E.E.-R.); (A.E.-E.)
| | - Ahmed F. Yousef
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University (Branch Assiut), Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Ehab A. A. Salama
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences–National Research Institute (ITP), 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Fruits and Cucurbits Biological Science in South Asia, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (M.O.K.); (M.J.U.); (M.A.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.L.); (N.H.)
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Arias Padró MD, Caboni E, Salazar Morin KA, Meraz Mercado MA, Olalde-Portugal V. Effect of Bacillus subtilis on antioxidant enzyme activities in tomato grafting. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10984. [PMID: 33763301 PMCID: PMC7958894 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grafting generally means stress to a plant and this triggers antioxidant defense systems. An imbalance in reactive oxygen species may negatively affect the grafting success. Several research projects have studied the association with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and it has been documented that they enhance nutrient acquisition, regulate hormone levels, and influence the antioxidant response in crops. However, little is known about the strategy of inoculating grafted herbaceous plants with PGPR and its effect on the antioxidant response. The effects of inoculating a strain of Bacillus subtilis on the antioxidant metabolism of grafted tomato were evaluated. In this study, two different rootstocks were used for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Rio Grande (RG)): [S. lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Ch)] and eggplant [(Solanum melanogena L. (Ber)] to establish a compatible graft (RGCh) and a semicompatible graft (RGBer). Enzyme activities involved in the antioxidant defense system: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and total phenols were measured during 4 weeks after grafting. The results show that for RGCh, during the first two weeks after grafting, the tendency was a decrease of the enzyme activity for SOD, CAT, PAL when inoculated with B. subtilis; while in the semicompatible graft RGBer, PPO and PAL decreased their activity after inoculation. For both combinations, the quantity of total phenols varied depending on the day. In both graft combinations, applications of B. subtilis resulted in 86 and 80% callusing compared with the uninoculated control where the percentages were 74 and 70% for RGCh and RGBer, respectively. The highest significant graft success (95%) was recorded 28 days after grafting for inoculated RGBer. These findings imply that B. subtilis induced antioxidant mechanisms in grafted plants and suggest that inoculation with this growth-promoting bacterium can represent a biotechnological approach to improve success in tomato grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Arias Padró
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Emilia Caboni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l ’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura (OFA), Rome, Italy
| | - Karla Azucena Salazar Morin
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Meraz Mercado
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Víctor Olalde-Portugal
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Amri R, Font i Forcada C, Giménez R, Pina A, Moreno MÁ. Biochemical Characterization and Differential Expression of PAL Genes Associated With "Translocated" Peach/Plum Graft-Incompatibility. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:622578. [PMID: 33679835 PMCID: PMC7933046 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.622578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is an ancient plant propagation technique widely used in horticultural crops, particularly in fruit trees. However, the involvement of two different species in grafting may lead to lack of affinity and severe disorders between the graft components, known as graft-incompatibility. This complex agronomic trait is traditionally classified into two categories: "localized" (weak graft unions with breaks in cambial and vascular continuity at the graft interface and absence of visual symptoms in scion leaves and shoots) and "translocated" (degeneration of the sieve tubes and phloem companion cells at the graft interface causing translocation problems in neighboring tissues, and reddening/yellowing of scion leaves). Over the decades, more attention has been given to the different mechanisms underlying the "localized" type of graft-incompatibility; whereas the phenylpropanoid-derived compounds and the differential gene expression associated with the "translocated" graft-incompatibility remain unstudied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to shed light on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the typical "translocated" graft-incompatibility of peach/plum graft-combinations. In this study, the "Summergrand" (SG) nectarine cultivar was budded on two plum rootstocks: "Adara" and "Damas GF 1869". "Translocated" symptoms of incompatibility were shown and biochemically characterized in the case of "SG/Damas GF 1869" graft-combination, 3 years after grafting. Non-structural carbohydrates (soluble sugars and starch), phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, were significantly enhanced in the incompatible graft-combination scion. Similarly, the enzymatic activities of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase, the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway were significantly affected by the incompatible rootstock "Damas GF 1869", inducing higher activities in the scion than those induced by the compatible rootstock "Adara". In addition, a positive and strong correlation was obtained between total phenol content, antioxidant capacity and the expression of the key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, PAL1 and PAL2. Regarding the "SG/Adara" graft-combination, there were neither external symptoms of "translocated" incompatibility nor significant differences in the biochemical and molecular parameters between scion and rootstock, proving it to be a compatible combination. The differential expression of PAL genes together with the biochemical factors cited above could be good markers for the "translocated" peach/plum graft-incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Amri
- Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei - CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carolina Font i Forcada
- Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei - CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
- IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa Giménez
- Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei - CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Pina
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Moreno
- Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei - CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
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Loupit G, Cookson SJ. Identifying Molecular Markers of Successful Graft Union Formation and Compatibility. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610352. [PMID: 33343610 PMCID: PMC7738326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a technique used for millennia for vegetative propagation, especially in perennial fruit crops. This method, used on woody and herbaceous plants, can improve several agronomic characteristics, such as yield or vigor, as well as tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, some scion/rootstock combinations suffer from poor graft compatibility, i.e., they are unable to form and/or sustain a successful graft union. Identifying symptoms of graft incompatibility is difficult because they are not always present in the first years after grafting and in most cases the causes of incompatibility are still poorly understood. Studies of changes in transcript abundance during graft union formation indicate that grafting responses are similar to responses to wounding and include the differential expression of genes related to hormone signaling, oxidative stress, formation of new vascular vessels, cell development, and secondary metabolites, in particular polyphenols. This review summarizes current knowledge of the changes in transcript abundance, redox status and metabolites accumulation during graft union formation and in cases of graft incompatibility. The goal of this review is to discuss the possibility of identifying marker transcripts, enzyme activities and/or metabolites of grafting success and graft compatibility which could be used to score grafting success for genetic research and in breeding programs. We highlight gaps in current knowledge and potential research directions in this field.
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Cookson S, Prodhomme D, Chambaud C, Hévin C, Valls Fonayet J, Hilbert G, Trossat-Magnin C, Richard T, Bortolami G, Gambetta G, Brocard L, Ollat N. Understanding scion-rootstock interactions at the graft interface of grapevine. ACTA HORTICULTURAE 2019:369-374. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2019.1248.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Chen Z, Zhao J, Hu F, Qin Y, Wang X, Hu G. Transcriptome changes between compatible and incompatible graft combination of Litchi chinensis by digital gene expression profile. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3954. [PMID: 28638079 PMCID: PMC5479835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant grafting has been practiced widely in horticulture and proved as a useful tool in science. However, the mechanisms of graft healing or graft incompatibility remain poorly understood. In this study, Litchi chinensis cv. 'Jingganghongnuo' homograft ('J/J') and 'Jingganghongnuo'/'zhuangyuanhong' heterograft ('J/Z') as compatible and incompatible combination, respectively, was used to study transcriptional changes between incompatible and compatible graft during graft union formation. Anatomical observation indicated that three stages (2 h, 14 d and 21 d after grafting) were critical for graft union formation and selected for high-throughput sequencing. Results indicated 6060 DEGs were differentially expressed in the compatible combination and 5267 DEGs exhibiting in the incompatible one. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were involved in metabolism, wound response, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction. The expression of 9 DEGs annotated in auxin pathway was up-regulated in compatible combination than that in incompatible combination. The IAA concentration confirmed that the IAA might promote the graft compatibility. In addition, 13 DEGs related to lignin biosynthesis were differentially expressed during graft healing process. Overall, our results provide abundant sequence resources for studying mechanisms underlying graft compatibility and establish a platform for further studies of litchi and other evergreen fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
| | - Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuchu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghe Wang
- Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Irisarri P, Binczycki P, Errea P, Martens HJ, Pina A. Oxidative stress associated with rootstock-scion interactions in pear/quince combinations during early stages of graft development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 176:25-35. [PMID: 25543953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposing a plant to stress situations, such as grafting, generally triggers antioxidant defense systems. In fruit tree grafting, quince (Cydonia oblonga) is widely used as a rootstock for pear (Pyrus communis L.), but several economically important pear cultivars are incompatible with available quince rootstocks. In this study, grafts were established using an in vitro callus graft system mimicking the events taking place in fruit trees. In vitro grown callus from pear [P. communis L. cv. 'Conference' (Co) and cv. 'William' (Wi)] and quince (C. oblonga Mill. clone 'BA29') was used to establish the compatible homografts 'Co/Co', 'Wi/Wi' and 'BA29/BA29', the compatible heterograft 'Co/BA29' and the incompatible heterograft 'Wi/BA29'. The main objective was to determine whether specific isoforms of genes involved in oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)] are differentially expressed at the graft interface from compatible and incompatible unions throughout 3 weeks after grafting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and programmed cell death were also evaluated in the course of graft development. Genes differentially expressed between compatible and incompatible heterografts were identified. Transcript levels of six antioxidant genes (SOD1, SOD3, APX3, APX6, CAT1 and CAT3) were down-regulated 10 days after grafting (DAG) in the incompatible heterograft in comparison to the compatible one. Likewise, SOD enzymatic activities were significantly higher at 1 and 10 days after wounding in the compatible cultivar 'Co' than in the incompatible one 'Wi'. These findings, together with live cell imaging of ROS-specific probes, ultrastructural mitochondrial changes and DNA fragmentation related to apoptotic processes, give indications that within incompatible rootstock/scion interfaces, either the level of ROS is increased or there is a less efficient detoxification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Irisarri
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Av Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Piotr Binczycki
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pilar Errea
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Av Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Helle Juel Martens
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ana Pina
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Av Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Cookson SJ, Clemente Moreno MJ, Hevin C, Nyamba Mendome LZ, Delrot S, Magnin N, Trossat-Magnin C, Ollat N. Heterografting with nonself rootstocks induces genes involved in stress responses at the graft interface when compared with autografted controls. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2473-81. [PMID: 24692649 PMCID: PMC4036518 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although grafting is widely used in the agriculture of fruit-bearing crops, little is known about graft union formation in particular when two different species are grafted together. It is fascinating that two different plant species brought together can develop harmoniously as one organism for many decades. The objective of this study was to determine whether grafting two different grapevine genotypes alters gene expression at the graft interface in comparison to the presumably wound-like gene expression changes induced in autografts. Gene expression at the graft interface was studied 3, 7, 14, and 28 d after grafting in hetero- and autografts of grapevine (Vitis spp.). Genes differentially expressed between the hetero- and autografts during graft union formation were identified. These genes were clustered according to their expression profile over the time course. MapMan and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed the coordinated upregulation of genes from numerous functional categories related to stress responses in the hetero- compared to the autografts. This indicates that heterografting with nonself rootstocks upregulates stress responses at the graft interface, potentially suggesting that the cells of the graft interface can detect the presence of a nonself grafting partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Cookson
- EGFV, ISVV, INRA, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - C Hevin
- EGFV, ISVV, INRA, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - S Delrot
- EGFV, ISVV, University of Bordeaux, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - N Magnin
- Santé et Agro-écologie du Vignoble, ISVV, INRA, UMR 1065 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - C Trossat-Magnin
- EGFV, ISVV, University of Bordeaux, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - N Ollat
- EGFV, ISVV, INRA, UMR 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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