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Liu S, Si S, Li J, Zhao Y, Yu Q, Xue F. Association between type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus: a Mendelian randomization study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:41-48. [PMID: 37947970 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Observational studies have shown that there is a bidirectional relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); the causality of this association remains elusive and may be affected by confusion and reverse causality. There is also a lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials to verify. Therefore, this Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to investigate the causal association between T1D and SLE. METHODS We aggregated data using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), all from European populations. Select independent (R2 < 0.001) and closely related to exposure (P < 5 × 10-8) as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary method. We also used MR-Egger, the weighted median method, MR-Robust, MR-Lasso, and other methods leveraged as supplements. RESULTS T1D had a positive causal association with SLE (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 1.358, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.205 - 1.530; P < 0.001). The causal association was verified in an independent validation set (IVW, OR = 1.137, 95% CI, 1.033 - 1.251; P = 0.001). SLE had a positive causal association with T1D (IVW, OR = 1.108, 95% CI, 1.074 - 1.144; P < 0.001). The causal association was verified in an independent validation set (IVW, OR = 1.085, 95% CI, 1.046 - 1.127; P < 0.001). These results have also been verified by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION The MR analysis results indicated a causal association between T1D and SLE. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify the potential biological mechanism between T1D and SLE. Key Points • Observational studies have shown that there is a bidirectional relationship between T1D and SLE. • We evaluated causal effects between T1D and SLE by Mendelian randomization analyses. • The MR analysis results indicated a causal association between T1D and SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shucheng Si
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiqing Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Culture West Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Malagón C, Gomez MDP, Mosquera C, Vargas C, Gonzalez T, Arango C, Martin L, Perez P, Amaya-Uribe L, Molano-Gonzalez N, Anaya JM. Juvenile polyautoimmunity in a rheumatology setting. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:369-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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