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Cui Y, Li J, Guo J, Pan Y, Tong X, Liu C, Wang D, Xu W, Shi Y, Ji Y, Qiu Y, Yang X, Hou L, Zhou J, Feng X, Wang Y, Liu J. Evolutionary Origin, Genetic Recombination, and Phylogeography of Porcine Kobuvirus. Viruses 2023; 15:240. [PMID: 36680281 PMCID: PMC9867129 DOI: 10.3390/v15010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly identified porcine Kobuvirus (PKV) has raised concerns owing to its association with diarrheal symptom in pigs worldwide. The process involving the emergence and global spread of PKV remains largely unknown. Here, the origin, genetic diversity, and geographic distribution of PKV were determined based on the available PKV sequence information. PKV might be derived from the rabbit Kobuvirus and sheep were an important intermediate host. The most recent ancestor of PKV could be traced back to 1975. Two major clades are identified, PKVa and PKVb, and recombination events increase PKV genetic diversity. Cross-species transmission of PKV might be linked to interspecies conserved amino acids at 13-17 and 25-40 residue motifs of Kobuvirus VP1 proteins. Phylogeographic analysis showed that Spain was the most likely location of PKV origin, which then spread to pig-rearing countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. Within China, the Hubei province was identified as a primary hub of PKV, transmitting to the east, southwest, and northeast regions of the country. Taken together, our findings have important implications for understanding the evolutionary origin, genetic recombination, and geographic distribution of PKV thereby facilitating the design of preventive and containment measures to combat PKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xinxin Tong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Changzhe Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiyin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yonghui Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Lu L, Ashworth J, Nguyen D, Li K, Smith DB, Woolhouse M. No Exchange of Picornaviruses in Vietnam between Humans and Animals in a High-Risk Cohort with Close Contact despite High Prevalence and Diversity. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091709. [PMID: 34578290 PMCID: PMC8473303 DOI: 10.3390/v13091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital-based and community-based 'high-risk cohort' studies investigating humans at risk of zoonotic infection due to occupational or residential exposure to animals were conducted in Vietnam, with diverse viruses identified from faecal samples collected from humans, domestic and wild animals. In this study, we focus on the positive-sense RNA virus family Picornaviridae, investigating the prevalence, diversity, and potential for cross-species transmission. Through metagenomic sequencing, we found picornavirus contigs in 23% of samples, belonging to 15 picornavirus genera. Prevalence was highest in bats (67%) while diversity was highest in rats (nine genera). In addition, 22% of the contigs were derived from novel viruses: Twelve phylogenetically distinct clusters were observed in rats of which seven belong to novel species or types in the genera Hunnivirus, Parechovirus, Cardiovirus, Mosavirus and Mupivirus; four distinct clusters were found in bats, belonging to one novel parechovirus species and one related to an unclassified picornavirus. There was no evidence for zoonotic transmission in our data. Our study provides an improved knowledge of the diversity and prevalence of picornaviruses, including a variety of novel picornaviruses in rats and bats. We highlight the importance of monitoring the human-animal interface for possible spill-over events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK; (J.A.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jordan Ashworth
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK; (J.A.); (M.W.)
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (D.N.); (D.B.S.)
| | - Kejin Li
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK;
| | - Donald B. Smith
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (D.N.); (D.B.S.)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK;
| | - Mark Woolhouse
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK; (J.A.); (M.W.)
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Fehér E, Jakab S, Bali K, Kaszab E, Nagy B, Ihász K, Bálint Á, Palya V, Bányai K. Genomic Epidemiology and Evolution of Duck Hepatitis A Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081592. [PMID: 34452457 PMCID: PMC8402860 DOI: 10.3390/v13081592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), an avian picornavirus, causes high-mortality acute disease in ducklings. Among the three serotypes, DHAV-1 is globally distributed, whereas DHAV-2 and DHAV-3 serotypes are chiefly restricted to Southeast Asia. In this study, we analyzed the genomic evolution of DHAV-1 strains using extant GenBank records and genomic sequences of 10 DHAV-1 strains originating from a large disease outbreak in 2004-2005, in Hungary. Recombination analysis revealed intragenotype recombination within DHAV-1 as well as intergenotype recombination events involving DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 strains. The intergenotype recombination occurred in the VP0 region. Diversifying selection seems to act at sites of certain genomic regions. Calculations estimated slightly lower rates of evolution of DHAV-1 (mean rates for individual protein coding regions, 5.6286 × 10-4 to 1.1147 × 10-3 substitutions per site per year) compared to other picornaviruses. The observed evolutionary mechanisms indicate that whole-genome-based analysis of DHAV strains is needed to better understand the emergence of novel strains and their geographical dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Fehér
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Szilvia Jakab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Borbála Nagy
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Katalin Ihász
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Tábornok utca 2, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Vilmos Palya
- Ceva-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co., Ltd., H-1107 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.J.); (K.B.); (E.K.); (B.N.); (K.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Sawant PM, Atre N, Kulkarni A, Gopalkrishna V. Detection and molecular characterization of porcine enterovirus G15 and teschovirus from India. Pathog Dis 2021; 78:5874254. [PMID: 32691821 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine enterovirus G (EV-G) and teschovirus (PTV) generally cause asymptomatic infections. Although both viruses have been reported from various countries, they are rarely detected from India. To detect these viruses in Western India, fecal samples (n = 26) of diarrheic piglets aged below three months from private pig farms near Pune (Maharashtra) were collected. The samples were screened by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using conserved enterovirus specific primers from 5' untranslated region. For genetic characterization of detected EV-G strain, nearly complete genome, and for PTV, partial VP1 gene were sequenced. EV-G strain showed the highest identity in a VP1 gene at nucleotide (78.61%) and amino acid (88.65%) level with EV-G15, prototype strain. However, its complete genome was homologous with the nucleotide (78.38% identity) and amino acid (91.24% identity) level to Ishi-Ka2 strain (LC316832), unassigned EV-G genotype detected from Japan. The nearly complete genome of EV-G15 consisted of 7398 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail and has an open reading frame that encodes a 2170 amino acid polyprotein. Genetic analysis of the partial VP1 gene of teschovirus identified porcine teschovirus 4 (PTV-4) and putative PTV-17 genotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on nearly full genome characterization of EV-G15, and detection of PTV-4 and putative PTV-17 genotypes from India. Further, detection and characterization of porcine enteroviruses are needed for a comprehensive understanding of their genetic diversity and their association with symptomatic infections from other geographical regions of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Mahadev Sawant
- Enteric Virus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Atre
- Bioinformatics Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology (Pashan Campus), Pune 411021, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varanasi Gopalkrishna
- Enteric Virus Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, Maharashtra, India
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Nagata A, Sekiguchi Y, Oi T, Sunaga F, Madarame H, Imai R, Sano K, Katayama Y, Omatsu T, Oba M, Furuya T, Shirai J, Okabayashi T, Misawa N, Oka T, Mizutani T, Nagai M. Genetic diversity of enterovirus G detected in faecal samples of wild boars in Japan: identification of novel genotypes carrying a papain-like cysteine protease sequence. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:840-852. [PMID: 32553066 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of enterovirus G (EV-G) was investigated in the wild-boar population in Japan. EV-G-specific reverse transcription PCR demonstrated 30 (37.5 %) positives out of 80 faecal samples. Of these, viral protein 1 (VP1) fragments of 20 samples were classified into G1 (3 samples), G4 (1 sample), G6 (2 samples), G8 (4 samples), G11 (1 sample), G12 (7 samples), G14 (1 sample) and G17 (1 sample), among which 11 samples had a papain-like cysteine protease (PL-CP) sequence, believed to be the first discoveries in G1 (2 samples) or G17 (1 sample) wild-boar EV-Gs, and in G8 (2 samples) or G12 (6 samples) EV-Gs from any animals. Sequences of the non-structural protein regions were similar among EV-Gs possessing the PL-CP sequence (PL-CP EV-Gs) regardless of genotype or origin, suggesting the existence of a common ancestor for these strains. Interestingly, for the two G8 and two G12 samples, the genome sequences contained two versions, with or without the PL-CP sequence, together with the homologous 2C/PL-CP and PL-CP/3A junction sequences, which may explain how the recombination and deletion of the PL-CP sequences occured in the PL-CP EV-G genomes. These findings shed light on the genetic plasticity and evolution of EV-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Nagata
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuya Sekiguchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Toru Oi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Fujiko Sunaga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hiroo Madarame
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Ryo Imai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Furuya
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Junsuke Shirai
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Naoaki Misawa
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Oka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Lu L, Van Dung N, Ivens A, Bogaardt C, O’Toole A, Bryant JE, Carrique-Mas J, Van Cuong N, Anh PH, Rabaa MA, Tue NT, Thwaites GE, Baker S, Simmonds P, Woolhouse ME. Genetic diversity and cross-species transmission of kobuviruses in Vietnam. Virus Evol 2018; 4:vey002. [PMID: 29449965 PMCID: PMC5810437 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-species transmission of viruses poses a sustained threat to public health. Due to increased contact between humans and other animal species the possibility exists for cross-species transmissions and ensuing disease outbreaks. By using conventional PCR amplification and next generation sequencing, we obtained 130 partial or full genome kobuvirus sequences from humans in a sentinel cohort in Vietnam and various mammalian hosts including bats, rodents, pigs, cats, and civets. The evolution of kobuviruses in different hosts was analysed using Bayesian phylogenetic methods. We estimated and compared time of origin of kobuviruses in different host orders; we also examined the cross-species transmission of kobuviruses within the same host order and between different host orders. Our data provide new knowledge of rodent and bat kobuviruses, which are most closely related to human kobuviruses. The novel bat kobuviruses isolated from bat roosts in Southern Vietnam were genetically distinct from previously described bat kobuviruses, but closely related to kobuviruses found in rodents. We additionally found evidence of frequent cross-species transmissions of kobuviruses within rodents. Overall, our phylogenetic analyses reveal multiple cross-species transmissions both within and among mammalian species, which increases our understanding of kobuviruses genetic diversity and the complexity of their evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Nguyen Van Dung
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Alasdair Ivens
- Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Carlijn Bogaardt
- Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Aine O’Toole
- Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Juliet E Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Cuong
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hong Anh
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Maia A Rabaa
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Tri Tue
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Stephen Baker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Mark Ej Woolhouse
- Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
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Bunke J, Receveur K, Oeser AC, Fickenscher H, Zell R, Krumbholz A. High genetic diversity of porcine enterovirus G in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Arch Virol 2017; 163:489-493. [PMID: 29081014 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Between 2012 and 2015, 495 pooled snout swabs from fattening pigs raised in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were screened for the presence of enterovirus G (EV-G) RNA. Nucleic acids were tested in diverse reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays applying published oligonucleotide primers specific for the viral protein (VP) 1 and 2/4 encoding regions as well as for 3D polymerase. Phylogenetic analyses of VP1 revealed the presence of 12 EV-G types, three of which had highly divergent sequences suggesting putative new types. Co-circulation of EV-G types was observed in several pigsties. Thus, genetic diversity of EV-G was demonstrated in this small geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bunke
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Receveur
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann Christin Oeser
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roland Zell
- Sektion für Experimentelle Virologie, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena und Universitätsklinikum Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andi Krumbholz
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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