Effects of triticale flour on the quality of honey cookies

Flour confectionery products are highly popular in Russia, especially honey cookies (pryanik). In order to increase their nutritional value, wheat flour can be replaced by triticale flour rich in essential amino acids and minerals. This study aimed to determine the effects of triticale flour on the quality of honey cookies. The control cookie sample was made from premium wheat flour, while the test samples were made from mixtures of wheat and triticale flours in various ratios (10–90%), as well as from 100% triticale flour of grade T-80. Standard methods were applied to determine the cookies’ sensory and physicochemical characteristics, as well as their nutritional value and contents of minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. All the samples with triticale flour showed good sensory characteristics. Adding up to 30% of triticale flour did not change the taste and aroma of honey cookies, whereas larger amounts of triticale flour made them sweeter and more aromatic. The test samples from 100% of triticale flour had higher contents of essential amino acids (arginine, valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, and threonine) than the control sample from premium wheat flour. The contents of micro- and macroelements also increased with larger amounts of triticale flour in the formulation. While adding triticale flour increased the protein content in the test honey cookies, it had no significant effect on their fat and carbohydrate contents, or the calorie content. The tests showed that 60:40% was the optimal ratio of wheat and triticale flours. Replacing wheat flour with 40% of triticale flour provided the finished product with good sensory properties and high contents of proteins, vitamins, essential amino acids, as well as micro- and macroelements. Thus, triticale flour proved to be a good replacement for wheat flour in the production of honey cookies.

Triticale flour in bakery and rusk products

This paper researches the properties of two triticale varieties and three selection lines developed in Bashkortostan. The organoleptic indicators were typical of a standard grain; all the samples had a high protein content level. Gluten weight ratio matched the grain genotype. The falling number of the studied samples was low. Hydrothermal processing modes for triticale grain before grinding were optimized. The studied varieties and lines were found to yield 65.15%-70.18% of the flour. The conducted polynomial two-factor regression analysis proved that the flour yield factor is the grain softening period lasting 6 h. The dough deformation energy of the obtained flour samples was 67-129 units, the falling number 104-155 s indicates the low baking properties of the flour, thereby it was suggested to make brittle and crisp bakery products as crispbread and breadsticks. A breadstick formula with 60% wheat flour replaced with triticale flour was developed. The number of spore Rope bacteria increased slightly during the shelf life but did not exceed the permissible values. There have been developed formulas and methods to make crispbreads for producing crackers with triticale bran of 40% have been developed.

Evaluating the traditional bread properties with new formula: Affected by triticale and cress seed gum

During recent years, composite bread is more popular among consumers due to its functional and nutritional properties. Among cereals, triticale has been studied, along with careful observation of its characteristics. In addition, hydrocolloids can be replaced as an appropriate resource due to a decrease in the gluten content. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of triticale flour replacement at the levels of 0, 100, 150, and 250 g/kg, and cress seed gum at the concentrations of 0, 3, 6, and 10 g/kg on the rheological parameters of dough and physicochemical, textural, microstructural, and sensory properties of bread. Based on the results, formula including composite flour (150 g/kg triticale flour+850 g/kg wheat flour) and cress seed gum at 6 g/kg was the best formulation for improving the texture, color parameters, and general acceptance of both types of bread (Barbari and Lavash). Regarding the Iranian Barbari bread, cress seed gum increased the specific volume, porosity, and brightness, while reduced the hardness compared to the control. Besides, sensory evaluation manifested that 150 g/kg of wheat flour could be replaced with triticale flour for providing a good quality of bread. In conclusion, the addition of 150 g/kg of triticale and 6 g/kg of cress seed gum into composite flour and bread formulations had positive effects on all properties measured in both types of bread.

Rheological characterisation of gluten from triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)

BACKGROUND

Triticale gluten still remains very poorly characterised rheologically. In this study the mechanical spectra of gluten isolated from four triticale cultivars were registered and fitted with Cole-Cole functions yielding the visco-elastic plateau parameters. Master spectra were calculated. A retardation test was performed and used to calculate the composite mechanical spectra and the width of visco-elastic plateau l. Protein fractional composition of triticale flour and gluten was studied using capillary zone electrophoresis.

RESULTS

Differentiated HMW-GS/SS compositions were identified in the triticale cultivars studied. The rheological parameters reached the following values: J_N⁰ 1.05·10^-3 to 2.69·10^-3 Pa^-1 , G_N⁰ 372 to 956 Pa, ω₀ 0.003 to 0.06 rad s^-1 , l 169 to 3121, J_e⁰ 1.57·10^-3 to 5.03·10^-3 Pa^-1 , G_e⁰ 199 to 637 Pa and η₀ 1.06·10⁷ to 3.93·10⁷ Pa s.

CONCLUSIONS

Visco-elastic properties of triticale gluten correspond to the lower end of medium visco-elasticity shown by common wheat gluten. Master spectra and the composite mechanical spectra prove that four triticale glutens exhibit practically an identical type of visco-elastic behaviour of a biopolymeric visco-elastic liquid similar to wheat gluten. The visco-elastic plateau parameters G_N⁰ , J_N⁰ , ω₀ and l appeared significantly correlated with the contents of prolamins and secaloglutenins in triticale flours and glutens. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.