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Qu K, Yin Z, Gao C, Song G, Guo Z, Yin G, Tang J, Yuan Y, Dong C, Jiang Y, Niu J, Li Q. Mutagenesis-Derived Resistance to Black Point in Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:899-907. [PMID: 37822099 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1369-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Black point, a severe global wheat disease, necessitates deploying resistant cultivars for effective control. However, susceptibility remains prevalent among most wheat cultivars. Identifying new sources of resistance and understanding their mechanisms are crucial for breeding resistant cultivars. This study pinpointed black point resistance in an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized wheat population of Wanyuanbai 1 (WYB) and analyzed resistant mutants using RNA-Seq. The findings revealed the following: (i) wyb-18, among 10,008 EMS-mutagenized lines, exhibited robust resistance with significantly lower black point incidence under artificial Bipolaris sorokiniana inoculation in 2020 and 2021 (average incidence of 5.2% over 2 years), markedly reduced compared with WYB (50.9%). (ii) wyb-18 kernels displayed black point symptoms at 12 days after inoculation (dai), 3 days later than WYB. At 15 dai, wyb-18 kernels had isolated black spots, unlike WYB kernels, where the entire embryo turned black. (iii) wyb-18 showed heightened antioxidant enzyme activity, including peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. (iv) Analysis of 543 differentially expressed genes between wyb-18 and WYB at 9 dai identified enrichment in the MAPK signaling pathway through KEGG analysis. Ten genes in this pathway exhibited upregulated expression, while one was downregulated in wyb-18. Among these genes, PR1, WRKY11, SAPK5, and TraesCS1A02G326800 (chitin recognition protein) consistently showed upregulation in wyb-18, making them potential candidates for black point resistance. These results offer valuable germplasm resources for breeding and novel insights into the mechanisms of black point resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Qu
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gaili Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhenfeng Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guihong Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunhao Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jishan Niu
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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GS A, Mayavathi NR NP, N.R. A, B.M. M, Sherpa DC, C A, Suresh A, Kammar S, M S, S S, B.N. G, Doss S G. Diversity of fungal pathogens in leaf spot disease of Indian mulberry and its management. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21750. [PMID: 38027777 PMCID: PMC10665727 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf spot disease in mulberry significantly affects silk production by reducing the nutritive quality of the leaves. This disease caused by various pathogens, regardless of the localities under the same climatic region. In the present investigation, an approximate incidence rate of 84 % was recorded in Karnataka based on surveys conducted in both farmer fields and germplasm locations. The causative agents have shown diversification, including new candidates such as Bipolaris sorokiniana, Curvularia lunata, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Epicoccum sorghinum. These findings mark the first report of these pathogens in Indian mulberry production. The investigation involved detailed pathogenicity assessments on the predominant mulberry silk production cultivar under controlled and field environments. Pathogens were identified using morpho-cultural, microscopic and phylogenetic analyses, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Various concentrations of fungicides, both individually and in combinations, were evaluated to identify effective measures for mitigating yield losses. Among the fungicides tested against the new pathogens, Hexaconazole 5 % SC and Hexaconazole 5 % + Captan 70 % WP demonstrated high promise and cost-effectiveness. Consequently, these fungicides could serve as immediate solutions to prevent further yield reduction. However, it is essential to conduct comprehensive field investigations before recommending them as standard practices. Future research endeavors should focus on assessing the extent of crop loss caused by these newly identified pathogens in mulberry cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunakumar GS
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Nisarga Pushpa Mayavathi NR
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Arya N.R.
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Monika B.M.
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Dolma Chhuden Sherpa
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupama C
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhil Suresh
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Supriya Kammar
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Supriya M
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Sruthi S
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
| | - Gnanesh B.N.
- Sampoorna International Institute of Agri Science & Horticultural Technology, Maddur, 571 433, Karnataka, India
| | - Gandhi Doss S
- Mulberry Pathology and Molecular Biology Lab-I, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Manandavadi Road, Srirampura, Mysuru, 570 008, Karnataka, India
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Gao C, Song G, Qu K, Li M, Jiang Y, Yin G, Niu J, Tang J, Gao Y, Li Q. Quantitative trait loci for resistance to black point caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana in bread wheat. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:10. [PMID: 37313131 PMCID: PMC10248615 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black point disease is a serious concern in wheat production worldwide. In this study, we aimed to identify the major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to black point caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between PZSCL6 (highly susceptible) and Yuyou1 (moderately resistant) was evaluated for black point resistance at four locations under artificial inoculation with B. sorokiniana. Thirty resistant and 30 susceptible RILs were selected to form resistant and susceptible bulks, respectively, which were genotyped by the wheat 660 K SNP array. Two hundred and four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, among which 41(20.7%), 34 (17.2%), 22 (11.1%), and 22 (11.1%) were located on chromosomes 5A, 5B, 4B, and 5D, respectively. The genetic linkage map for the RIL population was constructed using 150 polymorphic SSR and dCAPS markers. Finally, five QTL were detected on chromosomes 5A, 5B, and 5D, designated QBB.hau-5A, QBB.hau-5B.1, QBB.hau-5B.2, QBB.hau-5D.1, and QBB.hau-5D.2, respectively. All resistance alleles were contributed by the resistant parent Yuyou1. QBB.hau-5D.1 is likely to be a new locus for black point resistance. The markers Xwmc654 and Xgwm174 linked to QBB.hau-5A and QBB.hau-5D.1, respectively, have potential utility in MAS-based breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01356-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Gao
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
| | - Gaili Song
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
| | - Kefei Qu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
| | - Mengyu Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
| | - Guihong Yin
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
| | - Jishan Niu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
| | - Yan Gao
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat/College of Agronomy/Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, 15 Longzihu College District, Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan Province China
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Tang H, Tan Z, Wang X, Yang L, Chen G, Yu H, Pu Z, Jiang Q, Li M, Cheng M, Qi P, Li W, Liu Y, Wang J. Genome-Wide Association Study of Kernel Black Point Resistance in Chinese Wheat Landraces. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1428-1433. [PMID: 34879733 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1898-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Black point (BP) disease of wheat has become a noticeable problem in China. The symptoms are spots that are brown to black in color around the wheat kernel embryo or in the endosperm, resulting in a significant reduction of wheat grain quality. Here, we evaluated 272 Chinese wheat landraces for BP reaction and performed a genome-wide association study to identify BP resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in five field environments without artificial inoculation. The BP incidence data showed continuous distributions and had low to moderate correlations between environments (r = 0.094 to 0.314). Among the 272 landraces, 11 had 0.1 to 4.9%, 144 had 5 to 14.9%, 100 had 15 to 29.9%, and 17 had >30% incidence. We found three resistant accessions: WH094 (3.33%), AS661463 (2.67%), and AS661231 (2.67%), which can be used in breeding programs to enhance BP resistance. We identified 11 QTLs, which explained 8.22 to 10.99% phenotypic BP variation, and mapped them to eight wheat chromosomes. Three of the QTLs were novel. The molecular markers for the BP resistance could facilitate molecular breeding for developing BP-resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Food Safety Inspection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Technology Center of Chengdu Custom District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lisheng Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Food Safety Inspection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Technology Center of Chengdu Custom District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Maolian Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mengping Cheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Chen T, Xie Y, Sun Q, Shi X, Wang S, Laborda P. First Report of Epicoccum sorghinum Causing Leaf Sheath and Leaf Spot on Maize in China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3741. [PMID: 34077251 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-21-0746-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In November 2020, leaf sheath on maize (Zea mays) was detected in southeastern Jiangsu (Nantong municipality; 120.54° E, 31.58° N) in China. Physiologically mature plants, 13 weeks of cultivation (at the harvest stage), exhibited red-brown lesions in stem and leaves, and dried-up stem (Figure 1). The symptoms were observed on approximately 95% of the maize plants in a 0.8 ha maize field surrounded by old sorghum fields and the crop yield was decreased by 70-85% with respect previous years, when no disease symptoms were detected. Small pieces, approximately 0.3 cm2 in size, of symptomatic tissue were surface sterilized in 1.5% NaOCl for 1 min, and washed twice with sterile ddH2O. The pathogen was isolated (one isolate was obtained) and cultured on PDA medium, containing chloramphenicol (50 µg/mL), under darkness at 26 ºC for 3 days. Amplification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU), actin (ACT) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes was performed using ITS1/ITS4, LR0R/LR7, ACT512F/ACT783R and T1/Bt2b primers, respectively (Ma et al. 2021). Sequences were submitted to GenBank under accession numbers MW800180 (ITS), MW800361 (LSU), MW845677 (ACT) and MW892439 (TUB2). Blast search revealed that the ITS sequence had 100% (492/492 bp) homology with E. sorghinum LY-D-1-1, MT604999, LSU had 98% (1075/1091 bp) homology with E. sorghinum GZDS2018BXT010, MK516207, ACT had 96% (214/222 bp) homology with E. sorghinum M3, MK044832, and TUB2 had 99% (498/499 bp) homology with E. sorghinum BJ-F1, MF987525. Molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7 to confirm the identity of the pathogen. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura 3-parameter model, and the tree with the highest likelihood (-1774.9882) is shown in Figure 2. Bipolaris, Curvularia and Fusarium spp. found causing leaf spot on maize were included in the phylogenetic tree (Liu et al. 2021; Reyes Gaige et al. 2020; Chang et al. 2016). To confirm pathogenicity, a sterilized spatula was used to make wounds (3 mm diameter, 1 mm depth) on the stem and leaves of 2-week old maize plants. A solution containing 1 × 108 spores/mL (20 µL) was injected in the wound, whereas sterilized ddH2O was used in the control experiment. Inoculated plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 28 °C and 60% relative humidity for 3 days, observing fast-growing necrotic lesions in both stem and leaves. The pathogen was recovered from the infected plants and its identity was confirmed by morphological and sequence analyses. Microscope observations indicated the presence of chlamydospores, oval conidia (3 × 5 µm) and round pycnidia (60-100 µm diameter), and agree with those previously reported for the morphology of E. sorghinum (Bao et al. 2019). During last 2 years, E. sorghinum was reported to cause leaf spot on a number of relevant agricultural crops in China, including taro, Brassica parachinensis, tea, rice and wheat (Du et al. 2020; Li et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2020a, 2020b), confirming the expansion and host promiscuity of this pathogen. The pathogen was also reported to cause leaf spot on maize in Brazil in 2004 (Do Amaral et al. 2004); however, this is the first report of E. sorghinum causing leaf sheath and leaf spot on maize in China. Maize an important agricultural crop in China with more than 168 million tons produced in 2019. The observed yield loss and disease incidence of the isolated strain suggest that E. sorghinum may be a threat to maize production in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangmin Chen
- Nantong University, 66479, College of Life Sciences, Nantong, China;
| | - Yongjing Xie
- Nantong University, 66479, College of Life Sciences, Nantong, China;
| | - Qing Sun
- Nantong University, 66479, College of Life Sciences, Nantong, China;
| | - Xinchi Shi
- Nantong University, 66479, College of Life Sciences, Nantong, China;
| | - Suyan Wang
- Nantong University, 66479, College of Life Sciences, Nantong, China;
| | - Pedro Laborda
- Nantong University, 66479, College of Life Sciences, Nantong, China;
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Transcriptome-based analysis of resistance mechanism to black point caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6911. [PMID: 33767270 PMCID: PMC7994838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Black point is a cereal disease caused by complex pathogens, of which the pathogenicity of Bipolaris sorokiniana is the most serious in wheat. Resistance to black point is quantitative in nature, and thus the mechanism is poorly understood. We conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in black point-slightly susceptible and -highly susceptible wheat lines at different timepoints following B. sorokiniana inoculation. DEGs associated with photosynthesis were upregulated in black point-slightly susceptible lines. The top Gene Ontology enrichment terms for biological processes were oxidation–reduction, response to cold, salt stress, oxidative stress, and cadmium ion; terms for cellular component genes were mainly involved in plasma membrane and cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle, whereas those for molecular function were heme binding and peroxidase activity. Moreover, activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase were higher in slightly susceptible lines than those in highly susceptible lines (except peroxidase 12–24 days post-inoculation). Thus, resistance to B. sorokiniana-caused black point in wheat was mainly related to counteracting oxidative stress, although the specific metabolic pathways require further study. This study presents new insights for understanding resistance mechanisms of selected wheat lines to black point.
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