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Gaucher M, Juillard A, Nguyen BH, Viller N, Ernenwein C, Marion D, Brisset MN, Bakan B. Formulated hydroxy fatty acids from fruit pomaces reduce apple scab development caused by Venturia inaequalis through a dual mode of action. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1322638. [PMID: 38259942 PMCID: PMC10800985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The outermost hydrophobic layer of plants, i.e. the cuticle, is mainly composed of cutin, a polyester of hydroxy fatty acids with reported eliciting and/or antimicrobial activities for some of them. By-products of the fruit processing industry (fruit pomaces), often strongly enriched in cuticular material, are therefore a potential source of bioactive compounds for crop protection against pathogen attack. We investigated the utilization of tomato and apple pomaces in the development of a cutin-based biocontrol solution against apple scab, a major apple disease caused by Venturia inaequalis. Several cutin monomer extracts obtained through different strategies of depolymerization and purification were first compared for their ability to induce a targeted set of defense genes in apple seedlings after foliar application. After a step of formulation, some extracts were chosen for further investigation in planta and in vitro. Our results show that formulated cutin monomers could trigger a significant transcriptome reprogramming in apple plants and exhibit an antifungal effect on V. inaequalis. Cutin monomers-treated apple seedlings were significantly protected against infection by the apple scab agent. Altogether, our findings suggest that water-dispersed cutin monomers extracted from pomaces are potential new bio-based solutions for the control of apple scab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Gaucher
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Anthony Juillard
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Bao-Huynh Nguyen
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Noémie Viller
- INRAE, Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, Nantes, France SDP Rovensa Company, Laon, France
| | | | - Didier Marion
- INRAE, Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, Nantes, France SDP Rovensa Company, Laon, France
| | | | - Bénédicte Bakan
- INRAE, Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, Nantes, France SDP Rovensa Company, Laon, France
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Philion V, Joubert V, Trapman M, Stensvand A. Physical Modes of Action of Fungicides Against Apple Scab: Timing Is Everything, but Dose Matters. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2949-2961. [PMID: 36825311 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2758-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of currently available fungicides against apple scab, caused by the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis, was investigated in relation to when growers spray (ahead, during, or after rain) and how the spray reaches the target. The adaxial surface of individual leaves of potted trees were sprayed and then inoculated with ascospores of V. inaequalis, to establish dose-response curves for each fungicide. Discriminatory doses providing 50 and 90% symptom inhibition (EC50 and EC90, respectively) in sprays mimicking applications ahead of rain were used for experiments imitating alternative spray timings. Sprays were either applied during the spore germination phase or early or late after infection onset (either 336 or 672 degree-hours after inoculation, respectively), corresponding to grower spray schedules. Experiments were also carried out with sprays applied on the abaxial leaf surface to investigate fungicide efficacy through the leaf lamina. For all fungicides, the best efficacy was observed when sprays were applied during germination, followed by applications ahead of inoculation. Some products maintained equal or better efficacy at early infection, while efficacy in late infection dropped for all products, clearly indicating that this spray timing should be avoided. Some products with postinfection efficacy also showed translaminar efficacy. The close relationship found between EC50 of the active ingredients on potted trees and the label rate could help improve spraying decisions and reduce costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Philion
- Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC J3V 0G7, Canada
| | - Valentin Joubert
- Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC J3V 0G7, Canada
| | | | - Arne Stensvand
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås 1431, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1433, Norway
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