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Xu Z, Xu L, Liu J, Chen D, Cui H, Xue L, Li C. High Diversity of Epicoccum Species Associated with Leaf Spot on Italian Ryegrass in Southwestern China: Six New Records and Three New Species. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1308-1319. [PMID: 37953231 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1044-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Italian ryegrass is widely cultivated for the production of forage, hay, and silage because of its high nutritional value and good palatability. Leaf spots caused by fungi pose a serious threat to forage crops. In order to expand the knowledge of fungi causing leaf spots in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, and Guizhou of southwestern China, a comprehensive survey was undertaken from 2015 to 2022. The survey discovered that Epicoccum leaf spot (ELS) was a common and widespread disease, more serious at the late stage of growth (after late May). Symptomatic leaf samples collected from the four different provinces were analyzed, and a total of 202 Epicoccum isolates were obtained. Based on both multilocus phylogeny (ITS, LSU, TUB2, and RPB2) and morphology, 10 Epicoccum species were finally identified, including three novel species (E. endololii sp. nov., E. lolii sp. nov., and E. loliicola sp. nov.), six new host records (E. draconis, E. endophyticum, E. oryzae, E. plurivorum, E. thailandicum, and E. tobaicum), and an unknown species (Epicoccum sp.1). Pathogenicity tests showed that E. endophyticum, E. endololii, and Epicoccum sp.1 were nonpathogenic to Italian ryegrass, which were confirmed as endophytes in this study; the other six species could infect Italian ryegrass and cause leaf lesions to different degrees, of which E. draconis was more aggressive (P ≤ 0.05). Coupled with the isolation rates and geographical distributions of these species, it was found that E. plurivorum was the predominant pathogen in Yunnan while E. oryzae and E. tobaicum were the predominant pathogens in the other three provinces. This work provides an initial understanding of the taxonomy, virulence, and distribution of Epicoccum species associated with ELS in southwestern China and lays a solid foundation for the diagnosis in the field and scientific control of ELS on Italian ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Chongqing Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Huawei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Longhai Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Emanuel IB, Cooperstone JL, Hand FP. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Identification of Metabolites in Winterberry Fruit Putatively Associated with Natural Disease Resistance to Diaporthe ilicicola. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:93-101. [PMID: 37435936 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-23-0130-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata) is an ornamental plant popularly used in landscape design and sold as cut branches for fall and winter seasonal decoration. Latent fruit rot of winterberry is an emerging disease caused by the fungus Diaporthe ilicicola, which can result in up to 100% crop loss. Diaporthe ilicicola infects open flowers in spring, but symptom onset does not occur until the end of the growing season when the fruit is fully mature. This study was conducted to identify compounds displaying significant variation in abundance during fruit maturation and that may be putatively associated with natural disease resistance observed when the fruit is immature. Winterberry 'Sparkleberry' fruits collected at four timepoints during the 2018 and 2019 seasons were extracted in methanol and analyzed using high resolution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed a distinct separation of metabolic profiles based on fruit phenological stage. The top 100 features that were differentially expressed between immature and mature fruit were selected from both electrospray ionization (ESI) (-) and ESI (+) datasets for annotation. Eleven compounds shown to decrease throughout the season included cinnamic acids, a triterpenoid, terpene lactones, stilbene glycosides, a cyanidin glycoside, and a furopyran. Nine compounds shown to accumulate throughout the season included chlorogenic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoid glycosides, and a triterpene saponin. Future research will further confirm the exact identity of the compounds of interest and determine whether they are biologically active toward D. ilicicola or I. verticillata. The results could inform breeding programs, chemical management programs, and novel antifungal compound development pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel B Emanuel
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201
| | - Jessica L Cooperstone
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201
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Li Z, Yu X, Zhang W, Han R, Zhang J, Ma Y, Guo L, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. Identification, Characterization, and Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Strawberry Fruit Rot in Shandong Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3773-3782. [PMID: 37408124 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0696-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
China is the largest strawberry producer and exporter worldwide and has been constantly challenged by fruit rot diseases in recent years. Symptoms of various diseases on strawberry fruits were observed in Huangqiyuan Base, an important strawberry-producing region in Shandong Province, and symptomatic samples were collected from January to April 2021 for follow-up studies. In the present study, 137 isolates were obtained and classified into nine species based on morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, GAPDH, HIS3, RPB2, EF-1α, HSP60, G3PDH, and/or TUB2), namely, Botrytis cinerea, B. fabiopsis, Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, Fusarium proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. ipomoeae, F. incarnatum, and Colletotrichum siamense. Pathogenicity results suggested that all nine pathogenic species could induce fruits to exhibit symptoms similar to those naturally infected in fields. The symptoms around the inoculation points varied, including dense white mycelia caused by Botrytis spp., fading and depression caused by Fusarium spp., black-brown rot caused by Alternaria spp., and shrinkage and dehydration caused by Colletotrichum spp. Overall, B. cinerea was the dominant pathogen, accounting for 61.3% of the total isolates, and showed significantly higher virulence against strawberry fruits than other species. In addition, this is the first report to identify B. fabiopsis, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, F. proliferatum, F. graminearum, F. ipomoeae, and F. incarnatum as causal agents of strawberry fruit rot in Shandong Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Weiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Zhang S, Wang J, Sun H, Yang J, Zhao J, Wang Y. Inhibitory effects of hinokitiol on the development and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:356. [PMID: 37878063 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest anthracnose of mango fruit caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a devastating fungal disease, which causes tremendous quality deterioration and economic losses. Hinokitiol, an environmentally friendly natural compound, is effective in controlling a variety of postharvest fungal diseases. However, there is still a lack of research on the inhibitory effect of hinokitiol on C. gloeosporioides and its possible modes of action. In the present study, the activity of hinokitiol against C. gloeosporioides and its potential mechanisms involved have been investigated. We found that hinokitiol treatment could effectively inhibit the virulence of C. gloeosporioides to harvested mango fruit. After treatment with 8 mg/L hinokitiol, the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was completely inhibited. When the concentration of hinokitiol reached 9 mg/L, the spore germination rate of C. gloeosporioides decreased to 2.43% after 9 h of cultivation. The inhibitory effect is mainly due to the attenuation in cell viability, and impairment in plasma membrane followed by leakage of cytoplasmic contents such as nucleic acids, proteins, and soluble carbohydrates, which ultimately leads to the destruction of cell structure. Furthermore, hinokitiol suppressed the expression of pathogenicity-related genes, leading to reduced infection activity. Collectively, these results suggest that hinokitiol may be an excellent bio-fungicides for the management of mango anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Lambert C, Schweizer L, Matio Kemkuignou B, Anoumedem EGM, Kouam SF, Marin-Felix Y. Four new endophytic species of Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) isolated from Cameroon. MycoKeys 2023; 99:319-362. [PMID: 37915461 PMCID: PMC10616871 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Diaporthe (Diaporthaceae, Diaporthales) is a large group of fungi frequently reported as phytopathogens, with ubiquitous distribution across the globe. Diaporthe have traditionally been characterized by the morphology of their ana- and teleomorphic state, revealing a high degree of heterogeneity as soon as DNA sequencing was utilized across the different members of the group. Their relevance for biotechnology and agriculture attracts the attention of taxonomists and natural product chemists alike in context of plant protection and exploitation for their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. While more than 1000 species are described to date, Africa, as a natural habitat, has so far been under-sampled. Several endophytic fungi belonging to Diaporthe were isolated from different plant hosts in Cameroon over the course of this study. Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer region and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene, and partial fragments of the calmodulin, beta-tubulin, histone and the translation elongation factor 1-α genes, demonstrated that these isolates represent four new species, i.e. D.brideliae, D.cameroonensis, D.pseudoanacardii and D.rauvolfiae. Moreover, the description of D.isoberliniae is here emended, now incorporating the morphology of beta and gamma conidia produced by two of our endophytic isolates, which had never been documented in previous records. Moreover, the paraphyletic nature of the genus is discussed and suggestions are made for future revision of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambert
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyMolecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Lena Schweizer
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Elodie Gisèle M. Anoumedem
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Simeon F. Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, CameroonUniversity of Yaoundé IYaoundeCameroon
| | - Yasmina Marin-Felix
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDepartment of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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Emanuel IB, Laird AE, Hand FP. Understanding Environmental and Physiological Factors Affecting the Biology of Diaporthe ilicicola, the Fungus Causing Latent Fruit Rot in Winterberry. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2986-2996. [PMID: 36856642 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2759-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit rot in winterberry is associated with a complex of fungal pathogens. Among them, Diaporthe ilicicola plays a unique role by infecting flowers at bloom, resulting in symptom development in mature fruit. This research aimed to identify at what stage of maturation Ilex fruit can develop disease symptoms and correlate changes in fruit physiology (sugar and phenolic content) and environment (temperature and light intensity) with disease incidence. Correlation data informed in vitro studies testing the ability of putative factors to alter growth of D. ilicicola and select opportunistic fungi within the fruit rot complex: Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum fioriniae, and Epicoccum nigrum. Results indicated that Ilex fruit do not develop symptoms until 81 to 108 days after inoculation. Temperature and fruit phenolic content were negatively correlated with disease incidence, while fruit sugar concentration and light intensity were positively correlated. In vitro assays revealed that sugar concentration had no effect on the growth of D. ilicicola, but increased light intensity increased hyphal growth and pycnidium formation. Additionally, phenolics extracted from fruit inhibited spore germination in A. alternata, induced secondary conidiation in C. fioriniae, and late season phenolic extracts increased hyphal melanization and pycnidial formation in D. ilicicola. Finally, drops in field temperatures, when replicated in vitro, resulted in a decrease in hyphal growth and spore germination for all fungi. These results suggest that changes in Ilex fruit phenolics during maturation and the increased exposure to light following defoliation may play a role in symptom development by altering D. ilicicola growth within the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel B Emanuel
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201
| | - Aleacia E Laird
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201
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Feng L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Mao B. Colletotrichum siamense Strain LVY 9 Causing Spot Anthracnose on Winterberry Holly in China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040976. [PMID: 37110399 PMCID: PMC10146105 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata) is an economically valuable landscaping ornamental plant. Serious outbreaks have been reported, in its leaf tips curl upward, irregular black brown spots appear on leaves, and extensive defoliation is commonly observed. The incidence in Hangzhou was estimated at 50% and resulted in large economic losses for growers in 2018. Samples were collected from the main cultivation area in Zhejiang Province. In total, 11 fungal isolates were obtained from diseased leaves through a single-spore purification method, and isolate LVY 9 exhibited strong pathogenicity. Based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on multilocus sequence typing of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), and chitin synthase (CHS-1) genes, we identified the pathogen as Colletotrichum siamense, causative agent of anthracnose of winterberry holly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiliang Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bizeng Mao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Xu X, Guo L, Yang C, Teng H, Shen G, Wang S, Zhao J, Yang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. Diversity and Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Fruit Rot of Winter Jujube in Shandong Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:794-801. [PMID: 35947009 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1254-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Winter jujube originated from China and had an extremely high nutritional value. In 2021, symptomatic winter jujube fruits were collected from eight locations in Zhanhua District of Binzhou City, Shandong Province. In total, 108 fungal isolates were obtained and grouped into 11 species based on morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis, including Nothophoma quercina (43.52%), Fusarium lateritium (20.37%), Alternaria alternata (12.03%), F. proliferatum (7.41%), F. graminearum (4.63%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (3.70%), Fusarium sp. (2.78%), A. tenuissima (2.78%), Diaporthe eres (1.85%), Nigrospora oryzae (0.93%), and Cercospora nicotianae (0.93%). All fungal isolates obtained in this study showed aggressiveness on detached winter jujube fruits except N. oryzae and C. nicotianae isolates, of which F. proliferatum was the most virulent, while A. alternata isolates, which have been considered the major pathogen of winter jujube fruit rot, showed a relatively low-level virulence in this study. Furthermore, D. eres, F. graminearum, F. lateritium, and an unclassified Fusarium species were first reported as causal agents of winter jujube fruit rot. The typical symptoms of winter jujube fruit rot observed in this study could be distinguished into two types. N. quercina, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, Fusarium sp., D. nobilis, and F. lateritium isolates caused reddish brown to dark gray lesions on the peel, while B. dothidea, F. graminearum, and F. proliferatum isolates caused peel and pulp decay, resulting in red to reddish brown and water-soaked lesions. In addition, haplotype analysis of N. quercina isolates obtained in this study and validly published articles showed that there were 11 haplotypes worldwide; the isolates obtained in the current study were grouped into three haplotypes (Hap 1, Hap 2, and Hap 11), and two of them (Hap 2 and Hap 11) were confirmed as new haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Haolin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Guijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Junlei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xilang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Dar GJ, Nazir R, Wani SA, Farooq S. Isolation, molecular characterization and first report of Dothiorella gregaria associated with fruit rot of walnuts of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105989. [PMID: 36646293 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are known for their high levels of antioxidants, which are linked to various health benefits. However, challenges related to distribution and storage, as well as the risk of fungal infections, can affect the quality of walnut kernels. Fungal pathogens from the Botryosphaeriaceae family, including Dothiorella species and Diplodia species, can damage fruit and reduce its antioxidant content. To comprehend the cause of fruit rot in walnuts, Dothiorella gregaria isolates were studied using polyphasic methods, including multiple gene sequences and morphological identification, as well as analysis of polyphenol content and pathogenicity. The walnuts kernels purchased from market places of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India were observed to be affected by Dothiorella gregaria species causing the quality detoriation and decrease in polyphenol content thus undeniably with decreased antioxidant properties. D. gregaria Infected walnut kernels were having some brown and black spots and some were having white mycelial growth and however, most samples were asymptomatic. Pathogenicity testing revealed that the pathogen was able to develop all the symptoms under experimental conditions and the reisolated pathogen was morphologically similar to D. gregaria. The samples infected with this pathogen showed considerable decrease in polyphenol content, 10.9 ± 2.66 mgGAE/g (mean ± standard deviation) thus decreased antioxidant quality as compared to the samples which showed zero incidence of this pathogen, 52.50 ± 4.27 mgGAE/g (mean ± standard deviation). Furthermore, the pathogen was studied using polyphasic approach involving morphological, molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Combined nucleotide dataset of nuclear ribosomal ITS and tef1-α revealed that Dothiorella gregaria (NY6) formed a clade with Dothiorlla iberica (MAEC33), Dothiorella sarmentorium (MAEC28) and Dothiorella iberica (CAA905) strains with 83% bootstrap support. Besides, we observed six nucleotide changes, four were insertions or deletions and two were substitutions in the 502-bp region of the ITS rRNA gene when we compared our isolate to the most equivalent sequences submitted to NCBI GenBank. This is the first report of Dothiorella gregaria affecting walnuts purchased from various markets in J&K, India, causing fruit rot in walnuts after harvest. Given that local farmers store and export walnuts, it could pose an emerging threat to their livelihood. Thus, creating post-harvesting interventions for D. gregaria and knowing more about the fruit rot in walnuts can be benefited from morphological and molecular identification using several gene loci, genetic variability in the ITS rRNA gene, and total phenol analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Jeelani Dar
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Shakil A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Saleem Farooq
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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10
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Xu X, Li J, Yang X, Zhang L, Wang S, Shen G, Hui B, Xiao J, Zhou C, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. Epicoccum spp. Causing Maize Leaf Spot in Heilongjiang Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3050-3060. [PMID: 35612576 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1948-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize leaf spot occurs worldwide and affects maize production. Maize can be infected by several pathogens causing leaf spot, such as Bipolaris zeicola, Bipolaris maydis, Curvularia species, Alternaria species, etc. In the current study, 30 Epicoccum isolates recovered from symptomatic maize leaves were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of nuLSU, ITS, tub2, and rpb2. These maize isolates were grouped into five Epicoccum species, including E. nigrum, E. layuense, E. sorghinum, E. latusicollum, and E. pneumoniae. Pathogenicity tests showed that all five Epicoccum species could produce small ellipse- and spindle-shaped spots on maize leaves. The lesion center was grayish yellow to dark gray and surrounded by a chlorotic area. Furthermore, the Epicoccum isolates exhibited high pathogenicity to 20 main maize varieties of Heilongjiang Province but showed different sensitivities to the commonly used fungicides carbendazim and tebuconazole. In addition, these Epicoccum isolates showed different production capacity of pectinase, cellulase, protease, amylase, laccase, and gelatinase, but all showed high lipase activity. This is the first report globally of E. layuense, E. latusicollum, and E. pneumoniae as causal agents of maize leaf spot. E. pneumoniae was first reported as a plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xilang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Guijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jialei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Changjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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11
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Tang Q, Huang C, Huang H, Xia Z, Yang Y, Jiang X, Wang D, Chen Z. Integrated Sequencing Data, Annotation, and Targeting Analysis of mRNAs and MicroRNAs from Tea Leaf During Infection by Tea Leaf Spot Pathogen, Epicoccum nigrum. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2741-2745. [PMID: 35977394 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0761-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hongke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zhongqiu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Delu Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Whole-Genome Sequence Data for the Holotype Strain of Diaporthe ilicicola, a Fungus Associated with Latent Fruit Rot in Deciduous Holly. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0063122. [PMID: 35993780 PMCID: PMC9476913 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00631-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaporthe ilicicola
is a newly described fungal species that is associated with latent fruit rot in deciduous holly. This announcement provides a whole-genome assembly and annotation for this plant pathogen, which will inform research on its parasitism and identification of gene clusters involved in the production of bioactive metabolites.
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Mirghasempour SA, Studholme DJ, Chen W, Zhu W, Mao B. Molecular and Pathogenic Characterization of Fusarium Species Associated with Corm Rot Disease in Saffron from China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:515. [PMID: 35628770 PMCID: PMC9147734 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a commercial spice crop well-known throughout the world, valued for culinary, colorant, and pharmaceutical purposes. In China, Fusarium nirenbergiae was detected as causative agent of saffron corm rot, the most pervasive disease for the first time in 2020. In the present study, 261 Fusarium-like isolates were recovered from 120 rotted corms in four saffron producing fields at Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Yunnan provinces, China, in 2021. A combination of morpho-cultural features and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the concatenated rpb2 (DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest subunit) and tef1 (translation elongation factor 1-α) partial sequences showed that the isolates from saffron belong to Fusarium nirenbergiae as well as F. commune, and F. annulatum with isolation frequencies of 58.2%, 26.8%, and 14.9%, respectively. Notably, F. commune was more prevalent than F. annulatum in the collected samples. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that both species were pathogenic on saffron corm. This is the first report of F. annulatum and F. commune causing corm rot of saffron, globally. Outcomes of the current research demonstrate that Fusarium spp. associated with saffron corm rot are more diverse than previously reported. Furthermore, some plants were infected by two or more Fusarium species. Our findings broaden knowledge about Fusarium spp. that inflict corm rot and assist the development of control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Studholme
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;
| | - Weiliang Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.A.M.); (W.C.)
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Zhejiang Shouxiangu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuyi 321200, China;
| | - Bizeng Mao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.A.M.); (W.C.)
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14
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Phylogenetic diversity and antioxidant activity of selected fungi from ethno-medicinal plants and soil. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Yu X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yang X, Xu X, Lin J, Bing H, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. Identification and Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Leaf Spot of Muskmelon in Eastern Shandong Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:872-890. [PMID: 34645310 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1126-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf spot is a serious disease in the growth and development of muskmelon, which can affect its quality and yield. Over the past years, Malianzhuang Muskmelon Base, the main muskmelon producing area in Shandong Province, China, has been seriously affected by leaf spot. Since 2018, symptomatic leaves were collected from 11 production areas of this base to determine the pathogens of muskmelon foliar diseases. Two-hundred fungal strains were isolated and 10 genera and 17 species were identified based on morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, GADPH, RPB2, HIS3, EF-1α, and LSU). The most frequently isolated species from each sampling area was Alternaria tenuissima with 77 strains, followed by A. alternata. Pathogenicity experiments showed that A. alternata, A. tenuissima, Fusarium neocosmosporiellum (formerly Neocosmospora vasinfecta), F. acuminatum, Exserohilum rostratum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (formerly Didymella bryoniae) could cause symptoms highly similar to those of infected leaves observed under natural conditions in the field. Therefore, these fungal isolates are considered to be the primary pathogens causing muskmelon leaf spot, and A. tenuissima and A. alternata were the most common and virulent pathogens in this study. In addition, this is the first study of F. neocosmosporiellum, F. acuminatum, E. rostratum, and B. sorokiniana as pathogens associated to muskmelon leaf spot in China as well as the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xilang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Hui Bing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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16
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Sharma B, Nonzom S. Novel cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis by Alternaria alstromeriae, Epicoccum tritici and Phialemonium obovatum from North India. Mycoses 2021; 64:1489-1497. [PMID: 34601740 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of non-dermatophytic moulds and yeasts with the ability to act as human pathogens are reported every year. Dematiaceous fungi cause phaeohyphomycosis which encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from superficial (cutaneous and subcutaneous) to disseminated infections. Such fungal infections are responsible for causing significant morbidity and mortality, frequently in immunocompromised patients and rarely in immunocompetent patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of cutaneous mycosis in Jammu district (India) and to isolate and identify the recovered causal agents from the affected skin of the patients. METHODS For direct microscopy, 10% KOH was used. Skin samples were collected carefully from the affected areas of suspected patients, followed by the isolation and identification of the causal agents by cultural examination, morphological examination and ITS sequencing. RESULTS Herein, we report and describe three new cases of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis from District Jammu of Union Territory Jammu and Kashmir, India. The age of the patients under study ranged from 17 to 42 years and the duration of infection from 1 to 2 years. The etiological agents that were recovered from the patients under study were Alternaria alstromeriae, Epicoccum tritici and Phialemonium obovatum. These dematiaceous fungal species were isolated from the skin specimen of immunocompetent hosts. CONCLUSION Among the three isolated etiological agents, two (Alternaria alstromeriae, Epicoccum tritici) represent new global records and one (Phialemonium obovatum) new record to India as causal agents of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Careful microscopic and mycological examination form the basis of correct diagnosis of such fungal infections in the absence of simple and reliable laboratory tests (serologic or antigen tests).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Skarma Nonzom
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
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17
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Colletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Gao C, Masum MMI, Cheng Y, Wei C, Guan Y, Guan J. Dynamic Microbiome Changes Reveal the Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment on Reducing Post-harvest Fruit Decay in "Doyenne du Comice" Pear. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729014. [PMID: 34512605 PMCID: PMC8430257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-induced decay is one of the most common causes of fruit loss, resulting in substantial economic loss and posing a health risk to humans. As an ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) can significantly reduce fruit decay, but its effect on fruit pathogens remains unclear. Herein, the change in microbial community structure was analyzed using the high-throughput sequencing technology, and characteristics related to fruit quality were determined after 1-MCP (1.0 M l L-1) treatment in "Doyenne du Comiceis" pear fruit during storage at ambient temperature. Overall, 1-MCP was highly effective in reducing disease incidence and induced multiple changes of the fungal and bacterial microbiota. At day 15, the microbial diversity of fungi or bacteria was reduced significantly in the control fruit (non-treated with 1-MCP), which had the most severe decay incidence. For fungi, in addition to Alternaria being the most abundant in both 1-MCP treatment (59.89%) and control (40.18%), the abundances of Botryosphaeria (16.75%), Penicillium (8.81%), and Fusarium (6.47%) increased significantly with the extension of storage time. They became the primary pathogens to cause fruit decay in control, but they were markedly decreased in 1-MCP treatment, resulting in reduced disease incidence. For bacteria, the abundance of Gluconobacter (50.89%) increased dramatically at day 15 in the control fruit, showing that it also played a crucial role in fruit decay. In addition, Botryosphaeria, Fusarium fungi, and Massilia, Kineococcus bacteria were identified as biomarkers to distinguish 1-MCP treatment and control using Random Forest analysis. The redundancy analysis (RDA) result showed that the amount of Botryosphaeria, Penicillium, and Fusarium were positively correlated with disease incidence and respiration rate of pear fruits while negatively correlated with fruit firmness. This investigation is the first comprehensive analysis of the microbiome response to 1-MCP treatment in post-harvest pear fruit, and reveals the relationship between fruit decay and microbial composition in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Congcong Gao
- Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Md. Mahidul Islam Masum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Yudou Cheng
- Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuangqi Wei
- Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yeqing Guan
- Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfeng Guan
- Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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19
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Bian JY, Fang YL, Song Q, Sun ML, Yang JY, Ju YW, Li DW, Huang L. The Fungal Endophyte Epicoccum dendrobii as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:293-303. [PMID: 32748735 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-20-0170-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of most serious fungal diseases on Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Eight fungal endophytes were isolated from a young heathy branch of Chinese fir and screened against the pathogen in vitro. One isolate, designated as SMEL1 and subsequently identified as Epicoccum dendrobii based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, suppressed mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on dual-culture plates. Additionally, E. dendrobii metabolites significantly decreased the biomass of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. E. dendrobii was able to enter the internal tissues of the host plant via stomatal cells. Metabolites of E. dendrobii significantly inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation, which at least partly explained why the endophyte significantly inhibited lesion development caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on various host plants. We further confirmed that some components with antifungal activity could be extracted from E. dendrobii using ethyl acetate as an organic solvent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. dendrobii as a potential biocontrol agent against a fungal phytopathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yue Bian
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yu-Lan Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Qing Song
- SUST Think Tank for Urban Development, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Ji-Yun Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yun-Wei Ju
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - De-Wei Li
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, U.S.A
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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Lin S, Peduto Hand F. Determining the Sources of Primary and Secondary Inoculum and Seasonal Inoculum Dynamics of Fungal Pathogens Causing Fruit Rot of Deciduous Holly. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:951-958. [PMID: 30880556 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-18-1694-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit rot of deciduous holly, caused by species of the genera Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, and Epicoccum, is affecting plant production in Midwestern and Eastern U.S. nurseries. To determine the sources of inoculum, dormant twigs and mummified fruit were collected, and leaf spot development was monitored throughout the season from three Ohio nurseries over two consecutive years. Mummified fruit was the main source of primary inoculum for species of Alternaria and Epicoccum, whereas mummified fruit and bark were equally important for species of Colletotrichum and Diaporthe. Brown, irregular leaf spots developed in the summer, and disease incidence and severity increased along with leaf and fruit development. Coalesced leaf spots eventually resulted in early plant defoliation. When tested for their pathogenicity on fruit, leaf spot isolates were able to infect wounded mature fruit and induce rot symptoms, which indicated that leaf spots could serve as a source of secondary inoculum for fruit infections. In addition, spore traps were used to monitor seasonal inoculum abundance in the nurseries. Fruit rot pathogens were captured by the spore traps throughout the season, with peak dissemination occurring during flowering. In this study, we also attempted to understand the role of environmental factors on leaf spot development. Although leaf spot incidence and severity were negatively correlated to mean maximum, minimum and average temperature, a decrease in temperature also coincided with leaf senescence. The role of temperature on leaf spot development should be further studied to fully interpret these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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