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Nielsen KAG, Skårn MN, Talgø V, Pettersson M, Fløistad IS, Strømeng GM, Brurberg MB, Stensvand A. Fungicide-Resistant Botrytis in Forest Nurseries May Impact Disease Control in Norway Spruce. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:139-148. [PMID: 37578357 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0037-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis spp., is a serious problem in Norway spruce seedling production in forest nurseries. From 2013 to 2019, 125 isolates of Botrytis were obtained from eight forest nurseries in Norway: 53 from Norway spruce seedlings, 16 from indoor air, 52 from indoor surfaces, and four from weeds growing close to seedlings. The majority of isolates were identified as B. cinerea, and over 60% of these were characterized as Botrytis group S. B. pseudocinerea isolates were obtained along with isolates with DNA sequence similarities to B. prunorum. Fungicide resistance was assessed with a mycelial growth assay, and resistance was found for the following: boscalid (8.8%), fenhexamid (33.6%), fludioxonil (17.6%), pyraclostrobin (36.0%), pyrimethanil (13.6%), and thiophanate-methyl (50.4%). Many isolates (38.4%) were resistant to two to six different fungicides. A selection of isolates was analyzed for the presence of known resistance-conferring mutations in the cytb, erg27, mrr1, sdhB, and tubA genes, and mutations leading to G143A, F412S, ΔL497, H272R, and E198A/F200Y were detected, respectively. Detection of fungicide resistance in Botrytis from Norway spruce and forest nursery facilities reinforces the necessity of employing resistance management strategies to improve control and delay development of fungicide resistance in the gray mold pathogens.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås 1431, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences (IPV), Faculty of Biosciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Magne Nordang Skårn
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås 1431, Norway
| | - Venche Talgø
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås 1431, Norway
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås 1431, Norway
| | - Inger Sundheim Fløistad
- Division of Forest and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås 1431, Norway
| | - Gunn Mari Strømeng
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås 1431, Norway
| | - May Bente Brurberg
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås 1431, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences (IPV), Faculty of Biosciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Arne Stensvand
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås 1431, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences (IPV), Faculty of Biosciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås 1432, Norway
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Huang K, Sun X, Li X, Huang X, Sun Z, Li W, Wang J, Tian D, Lin C, Wu X, Miao C, Li Y, Xu P, Fan T, Zhu S, Li N, Zeng L, Liu J, Sui Y. Pathogenic fungi shape the fungal community, network complexity, and pathogenesis in kiwifruit. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2264-2277. [PMID: 37750437 PMCID: PMC10686113 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit decay caused by endophytic fungi is affected by exogenous pathogens that trigger changes in fungal community composition and interact with the endophytic fungal community. Four fungal pathogens of kiwifruit were identified. These were Aspergillus japonicus, Aspergillus flavus, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Penicillium oxalicum. Except for P. oxalicum, the remaining three species represent newly described pathogens of kiwifruit. All four fungal species caused disease and decay in mature kiwifruit. Results of the fungal community analysis indicated that three pathogens that A. japonicus, A. flavus and P. oxalicum were the most dominant, however, other fungal species that did not cause disease symptoms were also present. Positive interactions between fungal species were found in asymptomatic, symptomatic, and infected kiwifruit. The ability of all four pathogens to infect kiwifruit was confirmed in an inoculation experiment. The presence of any one of the four identified pathogens accelerated decay development and limited the postharvest longevity of harvested kiwifruit. Results of the study identified and confirmed the ability of four fungal species to infect and cause decay in harvested kiwifruit. Changes in the structure and composition of the kiwifruit microbiome during the decay process were also characterized. This provides a foundation for the further study of the microbiome of kiwifruit and their involvement in postharvest diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special PlantsChongqing University of Arts & SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Xiangcheng Sun
- West China Biopharm Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversitySichuanChina
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and BioengineeringWest Yunnan UniversityLincangChina
| | | | | | - Wenhua Li
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., LtdYantaiChina
| | - Junkui Wang
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., LtdYantaiChina
| | - Dawei Tian
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., LtdYantaiChina
| | | | - Xuehong Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cailing Miao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special PlantsChongqing University of Arts & SciencesChongqingChina
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special PlantsChongqing University of Arts & SciencesChongqingChina
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Panpan Xu
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tianyu Fan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special PlantsChongqing University of Arts & SciencesChongqingChina
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shuxin Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special PlantsChongqing University of Arts & SciencesChongqingChina
- College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Na Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special PlantsChongqing University of Arts & SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Li Zeng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special PlantsChongqing University of Arts & SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special PlantsChongqing University of Arts & SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Yuan Sui
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special PlantsChongqing University of Arts & SciencesChongqingChina
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Feng L, Liu J, Li C, Lin Y, Cheng J, Xie J, Li B, Zeng Y, Fu Y. Neofusicoccum actinidiae and Neofusicoccum guttata, Two New Species Causing Kiwifruit Rot in China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2962-2970. [PMID: 36825323 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2833-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Kiwi is a popular fruit consumed worldwide. A number of fungal pathogens have been reported to cause postharvest rot of kiwifruit, and Botryosphaeriaceae species are the major causal agents of the disease. In this study, 18 isolates belonging to the genus Neofusicoccum (family Botryosphaeriaceae) were isolated from 247 symptomatic kiwifruits of the cultivars Jinyan, Jintao, and Jinkui collected from orchards in Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, China. Among the isolates, three grouped with various known Neofusicoccum parvum isolates, whereas the remaining 15 formed two independent clades. On the basis of further phylogenetic analyses with concatenated sequences of ITS and three genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), β-tubulin (TUB), and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2), as well as morphological characteristics, two new species, N. actinidiae and N. guttata, were proposed. Their pathogenicity to kiwi, apple, and citrus fruits was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wang XA, Gao Y, Jiang W, Wang L, Wang H, Ou X, Yang Y, Wu H, Guo L, Zhou T, Yuan QS. Comparative Analysis of the Expression of Resistance-Related Genes Respond to the Diversity Foliar Pathogens of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:298. [PMID: 37490157 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The foliar disease, which is the primary complex disease of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, can be caused by multiple co-infecting pathogens, resulting in a significant reduction in yield. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between co-infection of various pathogens and the response of resistance-related genes in P. heterophylla. Through the use of 18S rDNA sequencing and pathogenicity testing, it has been determined that Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Arcopilus aureus, Botrytis cinerea, Nemania diffusa, Whalleya microplaca, and Cladosporium cladosporioides are co-infecting pathogens responsible for foliar diseases in P. heterophylla. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR analysis revealed that F. oxysporum, A. alternata, B. cinerea, A. aureus, N. diffusa, Schizophyllum commune, C. cladosporioides, and Coprinellus xanthothrix upregulated ten, two, three, four, seven, thirteen, five, one, and six resistance-related genes, respectively. These findings suggest that a total of 22 resistance-related genes were implicated in the response to diverse fungi, and the magnitude and frequency of induction of resistance-related genes varied considerably among the different fungi. The aforementioned gene associated with resistance was found to be implicated in the response to multiple fungi, including PhPRP1, PhBDRN15, PhBDRN11, and PhBDRN3, which were found to be involved in the resistance response to nine, five, four, and four fungi, respectively. The findings indicate that the PhPRP1, PhBDRN15, PhBDRN11, and PhBDRN3 genes exhibit a broad-spectrum resistance to various fungi. Furthermore, the avirulence fungi C. xanthothrix, which is known to affect P. heterophylla, was found to prime a wide range of resistance responses in P. heterophylla, thereby enhancing its disease resistance. This study provided insight into the management strategies for foliar diseases of P. heterophylla and new genetic materials for disease-resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ai Wang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Weike Jiang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaohong Ou
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Honglin Wu
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Qing-Song Yuan
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Peng J, Zhu S, Lin X, Wan X, Zhang Q, Njie A, Luo D, Long Y, Fan R, Dong X. Evaluation of Preharvest Melatonin on Soft Rot and Quality of Kiwifruit Based on Principal Component Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071414. [PMID: 37048235 PMCID: PMC10093534 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Botryosphaeria dothidea is the source of the deadly kiwifruit disease known as soft rot. In order to explore the role of melatonin in regulating the postharvest quality and disease resistance of kiwifruit at different growth and development stages, in this study, we applied melatonin at different concentrations to kiwifruit at the young fruit, expansion, and late expansion stages to assess its effect on fruit resistance to B. dothidea, minimize soft rot, and maintain postharvest fruit quality. The results showed that melatonin significantly suppressed the mycelial growth of B. dothidea, with 1.0 mmol/L melatonin inhibiting it by up to 50%. However, 0.1–0.3 mmol/L melatonin had the best control over soft rot. Furthermore, spraying MT during kiwifruit growth can successfully increase fruit weight; preserve postharvest fruit firmness; reduce respiration intensity in the early stages of storage; delay the rise in soluble solids, while maintaining a high titratable acid content to ensure suitable solid acid ratio; increase total phenol, flavonoid, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contents; and delay the rise in soluble sugar contents in the late stages of storage. These results have a positive effect on maintaining the nutritional composition of kiwifruit. However, the effects on weight loss, dry matter content, and soluble protein content were not significant. In addition, the results of the principal component analysis demonstrated that 0.3 mmol/L MT increased kiwifruit’s resistance to soft rot while preserving postharvest fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsen Peng
- Fruit Crops Center of Guizhou Engineering Research, College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Shouliang Zhu
- Guizhou Workstation for Fruit and Vegetables, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Xin Lin
- Fruit Crops Center of Guizhou Engineering Research, College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Xuan Wan
- Fruit Crops Center of Guizhou Engineering Research, College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Qin Zhang
- Fruit Crops Center of Guizhou Engineering Research, College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Alagie Njie
- Fruit Crops Center of Guizhou Engineering Research, College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Dengcan Luo
- Fruit Crops Center of Guizhou Engineering Research, College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Youhua Long
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Kiwifruit, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Rong Fan
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Kiwifruit, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Fruit Crops Center of Guizhou Engineering Research, College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Buzón-Durán L, Sánchez-Hernández E, Sánchez-Báscones M, García-González MC, Hernández-Navarro S, Correa-Guimarães A, Martín-Ramos P. A Coating Based on Bioactive Compounds from Streptomyces spp. and Chitosan Oligomers to Control Botrytis cinerea Preserves the Quality and Improves the Shelf Life of Table Grapes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:577. [PMID: 36771661 PMCID: PMC9921524 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the most harmful postharvest disease of table grapes. Among the strategies that can be envisaged for its control, the use of coatings based on natural products is particularly promising. The study presented herein focuses on the assessment of the antagonistic capacity of two Streptomyces species and their culture filtrates against B. cinerea. Firstly, the secondary metabolites were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with N1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-N3-methylguanidine acetate and 2R,3S-9-[1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-butoxymethyl]guanine acetate as the main compounds produced by S. lavendofoliae DSM 40217; and cyclo(leucyloprolyl) and cyclo(phenylalanylprolyl) as the most abundant chemical species for S. rochei DSM 41729. Subsequently, the capacity of S. lavendofoliae DSM 40217 and S. rochei DSM 41729 to inhibit the growth of the pathogen was tested in dual culture plate assays, finding 85-90% inhibition. In agar dilution tests, their culture filtrates resulted in effective concentration values (EC90) in the 246-3013 μg·mL-1 range. Upon the formation of conjugate complexes with chitosan oligomers (COS) to improve solubility and bioavailability, a synergistic behavior was observed, resulting in lower EC90 values, ranging from 201 to 953 μg·mL-1. Ex situ tests carried out on 'Timpson' and 'Red Globe' table grapes using the conjugate complexes as coatings were found to maintain the turgor of the grapes and delay the appearance of the pathogen by 10-15 days at concentrations in the 750-1000 µg·mL-1 range. Hence, the conjugate complexes of COS and the selected Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates may be put forward as promising protection treatments for the sustainable control of gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buzón-Durán
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Eva Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz García-González
- Department of Agroforestry Sciences, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Hernández-Navarro
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Adriana Correa-Guimarães
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Martín-Ramos
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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