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Lu DYH, Liao JY, Fajar A, Chen JB, Wei Y, Zhang ZH, Zhang Z, Zheng LM, Tan XQ, Zhou XG, Shi XB, Liu Y, Zhang DY. Co-infection of TYLCV and ToCV increases cathepsin B and promotes ToCV transmission by Bemisia tabaci MED. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1107038. [PMID: 37007483 PMCID: PMC10061087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1107038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato disease is an important disease affecting agricultural production, and the combined infection of tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) has gradually expanded in recent years, but no effective control method has been developed to date. Both viruses are transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Mediteranean (MED). Previously, we found that after B. tabaci MED was fed on ToCV-and TYLCV-infected plants, the transmission efficiency of ToCV was significantly higher than that on plants infected only with ToCV. Therefore, we hypothesize that co-infection could enhance the transmission rates of the virus. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed to compare the changes of related transcription factors in B. tabaci MED co-infected with ToCV and TYLCV and infected only with ToCV. Hence, transmission experiments were carried out using B. tabaci MED to clarify the role of cathepsin in virus transmission. The gene expression level and enzyme activity of cathepsin B (Cath B) in B. tabaci MED co-infected with ToCV and TYLCV increased compared with those under ToCV infection alone. After the decrease in cathepsin activity in B. tabaci MED or cathepsin B was silenced, its ability to acquire and transmit ToCV was significantly reduced. We verified the hypothesis that the relative expression of cathepsin B was reduced, which helped reduce ToCV transmission by B. tabaci MED. Therefore, it was speculated that cathepsin has profound research significance in the control of B. tabaci MED and the spread of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yi-Hui Lu
- Subcollege of Longping, College of Biology, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Yu Liao
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Anugerah Fajar
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Jian-Bin Chen
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Zhan-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Zheng
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Qiu Tan
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Xu-Guo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Xiao-Bin Shi
- Subcollege of Longping, College of Biology, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Bin Shi, ; Yong Liu, ; De-Yong Zhang,
| | - Yong Liu
- Subcollege of Longping, College of Biology, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Bin Shi, ; Yong Liu, ; De-Yong Zhang,
| | - De-Yong Zhang
- Subcollege of Longping, College of Biology, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Bin Shi, ; Yong Liu, ; De-Yong Zhang,
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Lu D, Yue H, Huang L, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li F, Yan F, Zhou X, Shi X, Liu Y. Suppression of Bta11975, an α-glucosidase, by RNA interference reduces transmission of tomato chlorosis virus by Bemisia tabaci. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5294-5303. [PMID: 34310017 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is mainly vectored by Bemisia tabaci in China, which has a worldwide distribution, and greatly reduces the yields of tomato and other vegetables. At present, control of ToCV has been focused mainly by the use of insecticides to control whitefly populations. Transcriptome sequencing showed high expression of the B. tabaci Bta11975 gene, an α-glucosidase (AGLU) during ToCV acquisition by whitefly Mediterranean (MED) species. To investigate the role of Bta11975 gene in ToCV acquisition and transmission by B. tabaci MED, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to reduce the expression of the Bta11975 gene. RESULTS The relative expression of the Bta11975 gene was correlated with the ToCV content in B. tabaci. The AGLU is highly expressed in primary salivary gland and gut. After the Bta11975 gene was silenced, the gene expression of B. tabaci was reduced and B. tabaci mortality was increased. Besides, ToCV acquisition by B. tabaci at 48 and 72 h AAP was reduced, and ToCV transmission was significantly reduced by 25 or 50 of B. tabaci. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that suppression of expression of the Bta11975 gene in B. tabaci MED by RNAi can reduce acquisition and transmission of ToCV by B. tabaci MED.
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Affiliation(s)
- DingYiHui Lu
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - LiPing Huang
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - DeYong Zhang
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - ZhanHong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - XuGuo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - XiaoBin Shi
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Subcollege of Longping, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Li J, Wang JC, Ding TB, Chu D. Synergistic Effects of a Tomato chlorosis virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Mixed Infection on Host Tomato Plants and the Whitefly Vector. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672400. [PMID: 34135928 PMCID: PMC8201402 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In China, Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) are widely present in tomato plants. The epidemiology of these viruses is intimately associated with their vector, the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci MED). However, how a ToCV+TYLCV mixed infection affects viral acquisition by their vector remains unknown. In this study, we examined the growth parameters of tomato seedlings, including disease symptoms and the heights and weights of non-infected, singly infected and mixed infected tomato plants. Additionally, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the viruses in tomato plants, and the viral acquisition and transmission by B. tabaci MED, were determined. The results demonstrated that: (i) ToCV+TYLCV mixed infections induced tomato disease synergism, resulting in a high disease severity index and decreased stem heights and weights; (ii) as the disease progressed, TYLCV accumulated more in upper leaves of TYLCV-infected tomato plants than in lower leaves, whereas ToCV accumulated less in upper leaves of ToCV-infected tomato plants than in lower leaves; (iii) viral accumulation in ToCV+TYLCV mixed infected plants was greater than in singly infected plants; and (iv) B. tabaci MED appeared to have a greater TYLCV, but a lower ToCV, acquisition rate from mixed infected plants compared with singly infected plants. However, mixed infections did not affect transmission by whiteflies. Thus, ToCV+TYLCV mixed infections may induce synergistic disease effects in tomato plants.
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Krause-Sakate R, Watanabe LFM, Gorayeb ES, da Silva FB, Alvarez DDL, Bello VH, Nogueira AM, de Marchi BR, Vicentin E, Ribeiro-Junior MR, Marubayashi JM, Rojas-Bertini CA, Muller C, Bueno RCODF, Rosales M, Ghanim M, Pavan MA. Population Dynamics of Whiteflies and Associated Viruses in South America: Research Progress and Perspectives. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120847. [PMID: 33260578 PMCID: PMC7760982 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Whiteflies are one of the most important and widespread pests in the world. In South America, the currently most important species occurring are Bemisia afer,Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1, Mediterranean, and New World, from Bemisia tabaci complex. The present review compiles information from several studies conducted in South America regarding these insects, providing data related to the dynamics and distribution of whiteflies, the associated viruses, and the management strategies to keep whiteflies under the economic damage threshold. Abstract By having an extensive territory and suitable climate conditions, South America is one of the most important agricultural regions in the world, providing different kinds of vegetable products to different regions of the world. However, such favorable conditions for plant production also allow the development of several pests, increasing production costs. Among them, whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) stand out for their potential for infesting several crops and for being resistant to insecticides, having high rates of reproduction and dispersal, besides their efficient activity as virus vectors. Currently, the most important species occurring in South America are Bemisia afer, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1, Mediterranean, and New World, from Bemisia tabaci complex. In this review, a series of studies performed in South America were compiled in an attempt to unify the advances that have been developed in whitefly management in this continent. At first, a background of the current whitefly distribution in South American countries as well as factors affecting them are shown, followed by a background of the whitefly transmitted viruses in South America, addressing their location and association with whiteflies in each country. Afterwards, a series of management strategies are proposed to be implemented in South American fields, including cultural practices and biological and chemical control, finalizing with a section containing future perspectives and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Krause-Sakate
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-7487
| | - Luís Fernando Maranho Watanabe
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Eduardo Silva Gorayeb
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Forestal, Vicuña Mackena, 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.A.R.-B.); (M.R.)
| | - Felipe Barreto da Silva
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Daniel de Lima Alvarez
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Vinicius Henrique Bello
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Angélica Maria Nogueira
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | | | - Eduardo Vicentin
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Marcos Roberto Ribeiro-Junior
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Julio Massaharu Marubayashi
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Claudia Andrea Rojas-Bertini
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Forestal, Vicuña Mackena, 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.A.R.-B.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Marlene Rosales
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Forestal, Vicuña Mackena, 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.A.R.-B.); (M.R.)
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Marcelo Agenor Pavan
- Department of Plant Protection, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (L.F.M.W.); (E.S.G.); (F.B.d.S.); (D.d.L.A.); (V.H.B.); (A.M.N.); (E.V.); (M.R.R.-J.); (J.M.M.); (R.C.O.d.F.B.); (M.A.P.)
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Zu G, Gan X, Xie D, Yang H, Zhang A, Li S, Hu D, Song B. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-ToCV Activity of Novel 4(3 H)-Quinazolinone Derivatives Bearing Dithioacetal Moiety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5539-5544. [PMID: 32323987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) has caused great harm to the production of tomato worldwide. To develop efficient anti-ToCV agents, some novel 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives containing dithioacetal were designed and synthesized, and their anti-ToCV activities were evaluated by microscale thermophoresis (MST) using ToCV coat protein (ToCV-CP) as a new target. The results showed that some compounds had a strong binding capacity to ToCV-CP. In particular, compounds C5 and C22 have an excellent binding capacity to ToCV-CP, with binding constant values of 0.24 and 0.25 μM, respectively. Additionally, reduced ToCV-CP gene expression levels of 81.05 and 87.59% could be achieved when tomato was treated with compounds C5 and C22, respectively, which were obviously higher than the levels after ningnanmycin (NNM) treatment (43.88%) and lead compound Xiangcaoliusuobingmi (XCLSBM) treatment (63.56%). Therefore, this work indicates that 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives containing dithioacetal moiety can be used as novel anti-ToCV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Zu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuhai Gan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dandan Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Awei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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Fiallo‐Olivé E, Navas‐Castillo J. Tomato chlorosis virus, an emergent plant virus still expanding its geographical and host ranges. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1307-1320. [PMID: 31267719 PMCID: PMC6715620 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) causes an important disease that primarily affects tomato, although it has been found infecting other economically important vegetable crops and a wide range of wild plants. First described in Florida (USA) and associated with a 'yellow leaf disorder' in the mid-1990s, ToCV has been found in 35 countries and territories to date, constituting a paradigmatic example of an emergent plant pathogen. ToCV is transmitted semipersistently by whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) belonging to the genera Bemisia and Trialeurodes. Whitefly transmission is highly efficient and cases of 100% infection are frequently observed in the field. To date, no resistant or tolerant tomato plants are commercially available and the control of the disease relies primarily on the control of the insect vector. TAXONOMY Tomato chlorosis virus is one of the 14 accepted species in the genus Crinivirus, one of the four genera in the family Closteroviridae of plant viruses. VIRION AND GENOME PROPERTIES The genome of ToCV is composed of two molecules of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, named RNA1 and RNA2, separately encapsidated in long, flexuous, rod-like virions. As has been shown for other closterovirids, ToCV virions are believed to have a bipolar structure. RNA1 contains four open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins associated with virus replication and suppression of gene silencing, whereas RNA2 contains nine ORFs encoding proteins putatively involved in encapsidation, cell-to-cell movement, gene silencing suppression and whitefly transmission. HOST RANGE In addition to tomato, ToCV has been found to infect 84 dicot plant species belonging to 25 botanical families, including economically important crops. TRANSMISSION Like all species within the genus Crinivirus, ToCV is semipersistently transmitted by whiteflies, being one of only two criniviruses transmitted by members of the genera Bemisia and Trialeurodes. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Tomato 'yellow leaf disorder' syndrome includes interveinal yellowing and thickening of leaves. Symptoms first develop on lower leaves and then advance towards the upper part of the plant. Bronzing and necrosis of the older leaves are accompanied by a decline in vigour and reduction in fruit yield. In other hosts the most common symptoms include interveinal chlorosis and mild yellowing on older leaves. CONTROL Control of the disease caused by ToCV is based on the use of healthy seedlings for transplanting, limiting accessibility of alternate host plants that can serve as virus reservoirs and the spraying of insecticides for vector control. Although several wild tomato species have been shown to contain genotypes resistant to ToCV, there are no commercially available resistant or tolerant tomato varieties to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Fiallo‐Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de Málaga (IHSM‐CSIC‐UMA)Avenida Dr. Wienberg s/n29750Algarrobo‐Costa, MálagaSpain
| | - Jesús Navas‐Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad de Málaga (IHSM‐CSIC‐UMA)Avenida Dr. Wienberg s/n29750Algarrobo‐Costa, MálagaSpain
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Lee YJ, Kil EJ, Kwak HR, Kim M, Seo JK, Lee S, Choi HS. Phylogenetic Characterization of Tomato chlorosis virus Population in Korea: Evidence of Reassortment between Isolates from Different Origins. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 34:199-207. [PMID: 29887776 PMCID: PMC5985646 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.10.2017.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a whitefly-transmitted and phloem-limited crinivirus. In 2013, severe interveinal chlorosis and bronzing on tomato leaves, known symptoms of ToCV infection, were observed in greenhouses in Korea. To identify ToCV infection in symptomatic tomato plants, RT-PCR with ToCV-specific primers was performed on leaf samples collected from 11 tomato cultivating areas where ToCV-like symptoms were observed in 2013 and 2014. About half of samples (45.18%) were confirmed as ToCV-infected, and the complete genome of 10 different isolates were characterized. This is the first report of ToCV occurring in Korea. The phylogenetic relationship and genetic variation among ToCV isolates from Korea and other countries were also analysed. When RNA1 and RNA2 are analysed separately, ToCV isolates were clustered into three groups in phylogenetic trees, and ToCV Korean isolates were confirmed to belong to two groups, which were geographically separated. These results suggested that Korean ToCV isolates originated from two independent origins. However, the RNA1 and RNA2 sequences of the Yeonggwang isolate were confirmed to belong to different groups, which indicated that ToCV RNA1 and RNA2 originated from two different origins and were reassorted in Yeonggwang, which is the intermediate point of two geographically separated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
- Dapartment of Seed Services, Foundation of Agricultural Technology Commercialization and Transfer, Iksan 54667,
Korea
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Hae-Ryun Kwak
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Mikyeong Kim
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Jang-Kyun Seo
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Hong-Soo Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
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Shi X, Tang X, Zhang X, Zhang D, Li F, Yan F, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Liu Y. Transmission Efficiency, Preference and Behavior of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED under the Influence of Tomato Chlorosis Virus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2271. [PMID: 29387077 PMCID: PMC5776130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV, genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is an economically important virus in more than 20 countries. In China, ToCV was first detected in 2013 and has already spread throughout the country. ToCV is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, but not seed. In the past two decades, the most invasive MEAM1 and MED have replaced the indigenous B. tabaci in China, and currently MED is the most dominant cryptic species. To better understand the prevalence of ToCV with their vectors, we tested the hypothesis that the rapid spread of ToCV in China is closely related to the dominance of MED. ToCV acquisition and accumulation rate following transmission was significantly higher by MED than MEAM1. In addition, ToCV persisted for more than 4 days in MED but only 2 days in MEAM1. Viruliferous MED preferred non-infected over virus-infected plants, although MED performed better on infected than on non-infected plants. Our combined results support the initial hypothesis that the rapid spread of ToCV is associated with the spread of B. tabaci MED in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Institute of Virus and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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