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Ahmed HFA, Elnaggar S, Abdel-Wahed GA, Taha RS, Ahmad A, Al-Selwey WA, Ahmed HMH, Khan N, Seleiman MF. Induction of Systemic Resistance in Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. to Control Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Using Biotic and Abiotic Inducers. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:789. [PMID: 37372074 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of inducing systemic resistance in roselle against root rot and wilt diseases was investigated using biotic and abiotic inducers. The biotic inducers included three biocontrol agents (i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium catenulatum, and Trichoderma asperellum) and two biofertilizers (i.e., microbein and mycorrhizeen), while the abiotic inducers included three chemical materials (i.e., ascorbic acid, potassium silicate, and salicylic acid). In addition, preliminary in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the tested inducers on the growth of pathogenic fungi. The results show that G. catenulatum was the most efficient biocontrol agent. It reduced the linear growth of Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, and Macrophomina phaseolina by 76.1, 73.4, and 73.2%, respectively, followed by B. subtilis by 71.4, 69, and 68.3%, respectively. Similarly, potassium silicate was the most effective chemical inducer followed by salicylic acid, each at 2000 ppm. They reduced the linear growth of F. solani by 62.3 and 55.7%; M. phaseolina by 60.7 and 53.1%; and F. oxysporum by 60.3 and 53%, respectively. In the greenhouse, all inducers applied as a seed treatment and/or foliar spray strongly limited the development of root rot and wilt diseases. In this regard, G. catenulatum, at 1 × 109 CFU mL-1, achieved the highest values of disease control, followed by B. subtilis; while T. asperellum, at 1 × 105 CFU mL-1, recorded the lowest values. In addition, the plants treated with potassium silicate followed by salicylic acid, each at 4 g/L, recorded the highest disease control compared to ascorbic acid at 1 g/L, which had the lowest values. The mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein (at 10 g/kg seeds) was the most effective compared to either of them alone. All treatments, applied alone or in combination in the field, significantly reduced the incidence of diseases. The most effective treatments were a mixture of G. catenulatum (Gc) + Bacillus subtilis (Bs) + Trichoderma asperellum (Ta); a mixture of ascorbic acid (AA) + potassium silicate (PS) + and salicylic (SA); G. catenulatum; potassium silicate; and a mixture of mycorrhizeen + microbein. Rhizolix T had the highest disease-reducing efficacy. In response to the treatments, significant improvements in growth and yield, changes in biochemicals, and increased activities of defense enzymes were achieved. This research points to the activity of some biotic and abiotic inducers that can play a vital role in managing the root rot and wilt of roselle through the induction of systemic plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada F A Ahmed
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, Egypt
| | - Sameh Elnaggar
- Department of Botany (Plant Pathology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum P.O. Box 63514, Egypt
| | - Gomaa A Abdel-Wahed
- Department of Ornamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza P.O. Box 12619, Egypt
| | - Ragab S Taha
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadei A Al-Selwey
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda M H Ahmed
- Department of Botany (Plant Pathology), Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum P.O. Box 63514, Egypt
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wang CW, Yu YH, Wu CY, Feng RY, Tandon K, Chen YL, Tang SL. Detection of Pathogenic and Beneficial Microbes for Roselle Wilt Disease. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:756100. [PMID: 34790182 PMCID: PMC8591290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.756100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilt disease of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is common in Taiwan; however, the causative agent remains unknown. The stems of wilted roselle are browned, slightly constricted, and covered by white aerial hyphae, suggesting that potential pathogens may originate from soil. To identify the potential pathogens, we conducted a rhizosphere microbiota survey in phenotypically healthy and diseased plants through fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing for uncovering the microbial compositions in the roselle rhizosphere. The fungal family Nectriaceae exhibited significantly higher abundance in diseased rhizospheres than in healthy rhizospheres, and this bacterial community was more specific to geography (i.e., plot-dependent) than to rhizosphere disease status. However, a few bacterial groups such as Bacilli were associated with the healthy rhizosphere. Fusarium species were the most dominant species of Nectriaceae in the survey and became the main target for potential pathogen isolation. We successfully isolated 119 strains from diseased plants in roselle fields. Koch’s postulates were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of these strains; our results indicated that Fusarium solani K1 (FsK1) can cause wilting and a rotted pith in roselles, which was consistent with observations in the fields. This is the first demonstration that F. solani can cause roselle wilt in Taiwan. Furthermore, these newly isolated strains are the most dominant operational taxonomic units detected in ITS amplicon sequencing in diseased rhizospheres, which serves as further evidence that F. solani is the main pathogen causing the roselle wilt disease. Administration of Bacillus velezensis SOI-3374, a strain isolated from a healthy roselle rhizosphere, caused considerable anti-FsK1 activity, and it can serve as a potential biocontrol agent against roselle wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Wang
- Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taitung, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Wu
- Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Ying Feng
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kshitij Tandon
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lien Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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