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Nguyen-Huu T, Doré J, Aït Barka E, Lavire C, Clément C, Vial L, Sanchez L. Development of a DNA-Based Real-Time PCR Assay To Quantify Allorhizobium vitis Over Time in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) Plantlets. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:384-391. [PMID: 32734845 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-20-0732-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Allorhizobium vitis is the primary causal pathogen of grapevine crown gall disease. Because this endophytic bacterium can survive as a systemic latent (symptomless) infection in grapevine, detecting and monitoring its development in planta is of great importance. In plant bacteria studies, plate counting is routinely used as a simple and reliable method to evaluate the bacterial population level in planta. However, isolation techniques are time-consuming and present some disadvantages such as the risk of contamination and the need for fresh samples for research. In this study, we developed a DNA-based real-time PCR assay that can replace the classical method to monitor the development of Allorhizobium vitis in grapevine plantlets. Primers targeting Allorhizobium vitis chromosomic genes and the virulent tumor-inducing plasmid were validated. The proposed quantitative real-time PCR technique is highly reliable and reproducible to assess Allorhizobium vitis numeration at the earliest stage of infection until tumor development in grapevine plantlets. Moreover, this low-cost technique provides rapid and robust in planta quantification of the pathogen and is suitable for fundamental research to monitor bacterial development over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Nguyen-Huu
- Unité EA 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Jeanne Doré
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, VetAgro Sup, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Essaïd Aït Barka
- Unité EA 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Céline Lavire
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, VetAgro Sup, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité EA 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Ludovic Vial
- UMR Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, VetAgro Sup, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- Unité EA 4707 Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, SFR Condorcet FR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 3417, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Habbadi K, Duplay Q, Chapulliot D, Kerzaon I, Benkirane R, Benbouazza A, Wisniewski-Dyé F, Lavire C, Achbani EH, Vial L. Characterization and phylogenetic diversity of Allorhizobium vitis isolated from grapevine in Morocco. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:828-839. [PMID: 31755153 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Crown gall, a phytobacteriosis characterized by the formation of tumours on plant roots was observed in recently planted vineyards of the Meknes region (Morocco). The objective of this research was to analyse the diversity of pathogenic agrobacteria isolated from grapevine in Morocco. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-two isolates from 11 affected vineyards were characterized by recA sequencing and were found to belong to Agrobacterium tumefaciens genomospecies G1, G4 or G7, Rhizobium rhizogenes, and to Allorhizobium vitis. Only the All. vitis isolates appeared to be pathogenic on tomato and multilocus sequence analysis phylogenetic analyses revealed a weak genetic diversity, with the definition of only four genomic groups. Definition of the All. vitis genomic groups correlated with specific pathogenic traits: indeed, genomic groups differed with respect to the severity of hypersensitive response symptoms on tobacco leaves, the intensity of necrotic response on grapevine explants and opine profiles. Both vitopine and octopine were detected by UHPLC in tumours induced by isolates of three genomic groups, an opine signature scarcely ever reported. CONCLUSIONS Allorhizobium vitis is the only causative agent of crown gall on grape in Morocco, pathogenic isolates can be separated into four genomic groups. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study of recently crown-gall-infested vineyards demonstrated that All. vitis is the only causative agent and revealed the presence of nonpathogenic Agrobacterium strain within tumours. Moreover, as the genetic diversity of the All. vitis isolates is relatively narrow, this study lays the basis for further analyses on the evolution of the disease, on the dissemination of the pTi and more globally on the fate of the different genomic groups in this newly colonized environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Habbadi
- Laboratoire de recherche et de protection des plantes URPP-INRA-Meknès, Meknes, Maroc.,Laboratoire de Botanique, Faculté des Sciences, Biotechnologie, et Protection des Plantes, Kenitra, Maroc.,CNRS-UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA-UMR1418, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Q Duplay
- CNRS-UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA-UMR1418, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - D Chapulliot
- CNRS-UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA-UMR1418, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - I Kerzaon
- CNRS-UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA-UMR1418, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - R Benkirane
- Laboratoire de Botanique, Faculté des Sciences, Biotechnologie, et Protection des Plantes, Kenitra, Maroc
| | - A Benbouazza
- Laboratoire de recherche et de protection des plantes URPP-INRA-Meknès, Meknes, Maroc
| | - F Wisniewski-Dyé
- CNRS-UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA-UMR1418, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Lavire
- CNRS-UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA-UMR1418, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - E H Achbani
- Laboratoire de recherche et de protection des plantes URPP-INRA-Meknès, Meknes, Maroc
| | - L Vial
- CNRS-UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, INRA-UMR1418, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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The Ecology of Agrobacterium vitis and Management of Crown Gall Disease in Vineyards. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 418:15-53. [PMID: 29556824 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium vitis is the primary causal agent of grapevine crown gall worldwide. Symptoms of grapevine crown gall disease include tumor formation on the aerial plant parts, whereas both tumorigenic and nontumorigenic strains of A. vitis cause root necrosis. Genetic and genomic analyses indicated that A. vitis is distinguishable from the members of the Agrobacterium genus and its transfer to the genus Allorhizobium was suggested. A. vitis is genetically diverse, with respect to both chromosomal and plasmid DNA. Its pathogenicity is mainly determined by a large conjugal tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid characterized by a mosaic structure with conserved and variable regions. Traditionally, A. vitis Ti plasmids and host strains were differentiated into octopine/cucumopine, nopaline, and vitopine groups, based on opine markers. However, tumorigenic and nontumorigenic strains of A. vitis may carry other ecologically important plasmids, such as tartrate- and opine-catabolic plasmids. A. vitis colonizes vines endophytically. It is also able to survive epiphytically on grapevine plants and is detected in soil exclusively in association with grapevine plants. Because A. vitis persists systemically in symptomless grapevine plants, it can be efficiently disseminated to distant geographical areas via international trade of propagation material. The use of healthy planting material in areas with no history of the crown gall represents the crucial measure of disease management. Moreover, biological control and production of resistant grape varieties are encouraging as future control measures.
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Genov N, Llop P, López M, Bobev S, Álvarez B. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Agrobacterium
species from vineyards allows identification of typical Agrobacterium vitis
and atypical biovar 1 strains. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:1465-77. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Genov
- Plant Protection Department; Institute of Viticulture and Enology (IVE); Pleven Bulgaria
| | - P. Llop
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA); Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - M.M. López
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA); Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - S.G. Bobev
- Phytopathology Department; Agricultural University; Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - B. Álvarez
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA); Moncada Valencia Spain
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