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Wu J, Cui S, Liu J, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Mao B, Chen W. The recent advances of glucosinolates and their metabolites: Metabolism, physiological functions and potential application strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35389274 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2059441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates and their metabolites from Brassicaceae plants have received widespread attention due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Glucosinolates occurs an "enterohepatic circulation" in the body, and the glucosinolates metabolism mainly happens in the intestine. Glucosinolates can be converted into isothiocyanates by intestinal bacteria, which are active substances with remarkable anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity and neuroprotective properties. This biotransformation can greatly improve the bioactivities of glucosinolates. However, multiple factors in the environment can affect the biotransformation to isothiocyanates, including acidic pH, ferrous ions and thiocyanate-forming protein. The derivatives of glucosinolates under those conditions are usually nitriles and thiocyanates, which may impair the potential health benefits. In addition, isothiocyanates are extremely unstable because of an active sulfhydryl group, which limits their applications. This review mainly summarizes the classification, synthesis, absorption, metabolism, physiological functions and potential application strategies of glucosinolates and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, China
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Wu X, Pehrsson PR. Current Knowledge and Challenges on the Development of a Dietary Glucosinolate Database in the United States. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab102. [PMID: 34458665 PMCID: PMC8386921 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a group of cancer chemopreventive sulfur-containing compounds found primarily in Brassica vegetables. The goals of this study were to summarize the current knowledge and discuss the challenges of developing a dietary GSL database for US foods. A systematic literature search was conducted for the period 1980-2020. Thirty articles were found to meet all inclusion and exclusion criteria; 27 GSLs were reported in 16 different vegetables. GSLs identified and quantified ranged from 3 for winter cress to 16 for cabbage. In general, the experimental designs of these 30 studies did not fully consider the factors related to the data quality. Enormous variations of GSLs are observed between different vegetables and in the same vegetables. In conclusion, the studies on GSLs in commonly consumed vegetables are still limited, and some data may be outdated. Currently available data are not sufficient to develop a valid GSL database in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, USDA ARS Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Wu X, Huang H, Childs H, Wu Y, Yu L, Pehrsson PR. Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetables: Characterization and Factors That Influence Distribution, Content, and Intake. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:485-511. [PMID: 33467908 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-070620-025744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a class of sulfur-containing compounds found predominantly in the genus Brassica of the Brassicaceae family. Certain edible plants in Brassica, known as Brassica vegetables, are among the most commonly consumed vegetables in the world. Over the last three decades, mounting evidence has suggested an inverse association between consumption of Brassica vegetables and the risk of various types of cancer. The biological activities of Brassica vegetables have been largely attributed to the hydrolytic products of GSLs. GSLs can be hydrolyzed by enzymes; thermal or chemical degradation also breaks down GSLs. There is considerable variation of GSLs in Brassica spp., which are caused by genetic and environmental factors. Most Brassica vegetables are consumed after cooking; common cooking methods have a complex influence on the levels of GSLs. The variationof GSLs in Brassica vegetables and the influence of cooking and processing methods ultimately affect their intake and health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA;
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Holly Childs
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Yanbei Wu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA;
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Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Li J, Luo L. Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) Triggered Toxicity and FsYvc1 (a STRPC Family Member) Responded Sense in Fusarium solani. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:870. [PMID: 32477298 PMCID: PMC7235336 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural product used as a food additive. Due to its strong volatility and broad biological activity, AITC is considered as a bio-fumigant to control soil-borne fungal diseases in agriculture, creating an urgent need for evaluation of the antifungal activity of AITC. Here we study the effect of AITC on Fusarium solani growth and explore the molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that AITC causes rapid inhibition of F. solani after 5 min, hyphal deformity, and electrolyte leakage. A yeast-like vacuolar transient receptor potential channel regulator (FsYvc1, a STRPC family member) was identified in F. solani that seems to play a role in this fungi AITC sensitivity. Genetic evidence suggests the gene FsYvc1 is involved in F. solani growth, development, and pathogenicity. Loss of FsYvc1 resulted in hypersensitivity of F. solani to AITC and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation ∼ 1.3 to 1.45- folds that of the wild type (WT), and no difference responses to CaCl2, NaCl, KCl, SDS, and Congo red when compared with WT. In addition, ΔFsYvc1-17 showed significantly reduced (∼ 1-fold) glutathione-S-transferase (GST) expression compared with the WT without AITC induction. Upon exposure to 4.8 μg/mL AITC for 3 h, the relative expression levels were ∼ 12–30 fold higher in both the WT and ΔFsYvc1-17. Nevertheless, no difference in GST expression level was observed between the WT and ΔFsYvc1-17. The current study provides novel insights into the toxicity mechanisms of AITC. Considering our results that show the key role of FsYvc1, we propose that it could act as a new molecular target for future fungicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsong Cao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Laixin Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing, China
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Blubaugh CK, Asplund JS, Eigenbrode SD, Morra MJ, Philips CR, Popova IE, Reganold JP, Snyder WE. Dual-guild herbivory disrupts predator-prey interactions in the field. Ecology 2019; 99:1089-1098. [PMID: 29464698 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant defenses often mediate whether competing chewing and sucking herbivores indirectly benefit or harm one another. Dual-guild herbivory also can muddle plant signals used by specialist natural enemies to locate prey, further complicating the net impact of herbivore-herbivore interactions in naturally diverse settings. While dual-guild herbivore communities are common in nature, consequences for top-down processes are unclear, as chemically mediated tri-trophic interactions are rarely evaluated in field environments. Combining observational and experimental approaches in the open field, we test a prediction that chewing herbivores interfere with top-down suppression of phloem feeders on Brassica oleracea across broad landscapes. In a two-year survey of 52 working farm sites, we found that parasitoid and aphid densities on broccoli plants positively correlated at farms where aphids and caterpillars rarely co-occurred, but this relationship disappeared at farms where caterpillars commonly co-occurred. In a follow-up experiment, we compared single and dual-guild herbivore communities at four local farm sites and found that caterpillars (P. rapae) caused a 30% reduction in aphid parasitism (primarily by Diaeretiella rapae), and increased aphid colony (Brevicoryne brassicae) growth at some sites. Notably, in the absence of predators, caterpillars indirectly suppressed, rather than enhanced, aphid growth. Amid considerable ecological noise, our study reveals a pattern of apparent commensalism: herbivore-herbivore facilitation via relaxed top-down suppression. This work suggests that enemy-mediated apparent commensalism may override constraints to growth induced by competing herbivores in field environments, and emphasizes the value of placing chemically mediated interactions within their broader environmental and community contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen K Blubaugh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29678, USA.,Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - Jacob S Asplund
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - Sanford D Eigenbrode
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Matthew J Morra
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Christopher R Philips
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - Inna E Popova
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - John P Reganold
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
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In situ relationships between microbiota and potential pathobiota in Arabidopsis thaliana. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2024-2038. [PMID: 29849170 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A current challenge in microbial pathogenesis is to identify biological control agents that may prevent and/or limit host invasion by microbial pathogens. In natura, hosts are often infected by multiple pathogens. However, most of the current studies have been performed under laboratory controlled conditions and by taking into account the interaction between a single commensal species and a single pathogenic species. The next step is therefore to explore the relationships between host-microbial communities (microbiota) and microbial members with potential pathogenic behavior (pathobiota) in a realistic ecological context. In the present study, we investigated such relationships within root-associated and leaf-associated bacterial communities of 163 ecologically contrasted Arabidopsis thaliana populations sampled across two seasons in southwest of France. In agreement with the theory of the invasion paradox, we observed a significant humped-back relationship between microbiota and pathobiota α-diversity that was robust between both seasons and plant organs. In most populations, we also observed a strong dynamics of microbiota composition between seasons. Accordingly, the potential pathobiota composition was explained by combinations of season-specific microbiota operational taxonomic units. This result suggests that the potential biomarkers controlling pathogen's invasion are highly dynamic.
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Hashem F, Motawea H, El-Shabrawi AER, Shaker K, El-Sherbini S. Brassica oleraceavar.Italica: A Nutritional Supplement with Antimicrobial Potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2011.652768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cottyn B, Heylen K, Heyrman J, Vanhouteghem K, Pauwelyn E, Bleyaert P, Van Vaerenbergh J, Höfte M, De Vos P, Maes M. Pseudomonas cichorii as the causal agent of midrib rot, an emerging disease of greenhouse-grown butterhead lettuce in Flanders. Syst Appl Microbiol 2009; 32:211-25. [PMID: 19157742 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial midrib rot of greenhouse-grown butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) is an emerging disease in Flanders (Belgium) and fluorescent pseudomonads are suspected to play an important role in the disease. Isolations from infected lettuces, collected from 14 commercial greenhouses in Flanders, yielded 149 isolates that were characterized polyphasically, which included morphological characteristics, pigmentation, pathogenicity tests by both injection and spraying of lettuce, LOPAT characteristics, FAME analysis, BOX-PCR fingerprinting, 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing, as well as DNA-DNA hybridization. Ninety-eight isolates (66%) exhibited a fluorescent pigmentation and were associated with the genus Pseudomonas. Fifty-five of them induced an HR+ (hypersensitive reaction in tobacco leaves) response. The other 43 fluorescent isolates were most probably saprophytic bacteria and about half of them were able to cause rot on potato tuber slices. BOX-PCR genomic fingerprinting was used to assess the genetic diversity of the Pseudomonas midrib rot isolates. The delineated BOX-PCR patterns matched quite well with Pseudomonas morphotypes defined on the basis of colony appearance and variation in fluorescent pigmentation. 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequence analyses allowed most of the fluorescent isolates to be allocated to Pseudomonas, and they belonged to either the Pseudomonas fluorescens group, Pseudomonas putida group, or the Pseudomonas cichorii/syringae group. In particular, the isolates allocated to this latter group constituted the vast majority of HR+ isolates and were identified as P. cichorii by DNA-DNA hybridization. They were demonstrated by spray-inoculation tests on greenhouse-grown lettuce to induce the midrib rot disease and could be re-isolated from lesions of inoculated plants. Four HR+ non-fluorescent isolates associated with one sample that showed an atypical midrib rot were identified as Dickeya sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cottyn
- Plant-Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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