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Sequera-Grappin I, Ventura-Zapata E, De la Cruz-Arguijo EA, Larralde-Corona CP, Narváez-Zapata JA. Pyricularia's Capability of Infecting Different Grasses in Two Regions of Mexico. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1055. [PMID: 37998861 PMCID: PMC10672002 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Pyricularia includes species that are phytopathogenic fungi, which infect different species of Poaceae, such as rice and sorghum. However, few isolates have been genetically characterized in North America. The current study addresses this lack of information by characterizing an additional 57 strains of three grasses (Stenotaphrum secundatum, Cenchrus ciliaris and Digitaria ciliaris) from two distant regions of Mexico. A Pyricularia dataset with ITS sequences retrieved from GenBank and the studied sequences were used to build a haplotype network that allowed us to identify a few redundant haplotypes highly related to P. oryzae species. An analysis considering only the Mexican sequences allowed us to identify non-redundant haplotypes in the isolates of C. ciliaris and D. ciliaris, with a high identity with P. pennisetigena. The Pot2-TIR genomic fingerprinting technique resulted in high variability and allowed for the isolates to be grouped according to their host grass, whilst the ERIC-PCR technique was able to separate the isolates according to their host grass and their region of collection. Representative isolates from different host grasses were chosen to explore the pathogenic potential of these isolates. The selected isolates showed a differential pathogenic profile. Cross-infection with representative isolates from S. secundatum and C. ciliaris showed that these were unable to infect D. ciliaris grass and that the DY1 isolate from D. ciliaris was only able to infect its host grass. The results support the identification of pathogenic strains of Pyricularia isolates and their cross-infection potential in different grasses surrounding important crops in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sequera-Grappin
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Blvd. del Maestro S/N Esq. Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa C.P. 88700, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (I.S.-G.); (E.A.D.l.C.-A.); (C.P.L.-C.)
| | - Elsa Ventura-Zapata
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Ctra. Yautepec-Jojutla, Km.6, calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec C.P. 62731, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Erika Alicia De la Cruz-Arguijo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Blvd. del Maestro S/N Esq. Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa C.P. 88700, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (I.S.-G.); (E.A.D.l.C.-A.); (C.P.L.-C.)
| | - Claudia Patricia Larralde-Corona
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Blvd. del Maestro S/N Esq. Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa C.P. 88700, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (I.S.-G.); (E.A.D.l.C.-A.); (C.P.L.-C.)
| | - Jose Alberto Narváez-Zapata
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Blvd. del Maestro S/N Esq. Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa C.P. 88700, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (I.S.-G.); (E.A.D.l.C.-A.); (C.P.L.-C.)
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Mutiga SK, Orwa P, Nganga EM, Kyallo MM, Rotich F, Gichuhi E, Kimani JM, Mwongera DT, Were VM, Yanoria MJ, Murori R, Mgonja E, Ziyomo C, Wasilwa L, Bachabi F, Ndjiondjop MN, Ouedraogo I, Correll JC, Talbot NJ. Characterization of Blast Resistance in a Diverse Rice Panel from Sub-Saharan Africa. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1278-1288. [PMID: 36802875 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0379-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a recent unparalleled increase in demand for rice in sub-Saharan Africa, yet its production is affected by blast disease. Characterization of blast resistance in adapted African rice cultivars can provide important information to guide growers and rice breeders. We used molecular markers for known blast resistance genes (Pi genes; n = 21) to group African rice genotypes (n = 240) into similarity clusters. We then used greenhouse-based assays to challenge representative rice genotypes (n = 56) with African isolates (n = 8) of Magnaporthe oryzae which varied in virulence and genetic lineage. The markers grouped rice cultivars into five blast resistance clusters (BRC) which differed in foliar disease severity. Using stepwise regression, we found that the Pi genes associated with reduced blast severity were Pi50 and Pi65, whereas Pik-p, Piz-t, and Pik were associated with increased susceptibility. All rice genotypes in the most resistant cluster, BRC 4, possessed Pi50 and Pi65, the only genes that were significantly associated with reduced foliar blast severity. Cultivar IRAT109, which contains Piz-t, was resistant against seven African M. oryzae isolates, whereas ARICA 17 was susceptible to eight isolates. The popular Basmati 217 and Basmati 370 were among the most susceptible genotypes. These findings indicate that most tested genes were not effective against African blast pathogen collections. Pyramiding genes in the Pi2/9 multifamily blast resistance cluster on chromosome 6 and Pi65 on chromosome 11 could confer broad-spectrum resistance capabilities. To gain further insights into genomic regions associated with blast resistance, gene mapping could be conducted with resident blast pathogen collections. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Mutiga
- Biosciences for Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- The University of Arkansas System-Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Martina M Kyallo
- Biosciences for Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Emily Gichuhi
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John M Kimani
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David T Mwongera
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mary Jeanie Yanoria
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | - Cathrine Ziyomo
- Biosciences for Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lusike Wasilwa
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Famata Bachabi
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Station de M'bé, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Ibrahima Ouedraogo
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - James C Correll
- The University of Arkansas System-Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, U.S.A
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Mutiga SK, Rotich F, Were VM, Kimani JM, Mwongera DT, Mgonja E, Onaga G, Konaté K, Razanaboahirana C, Bigirimana J, Ndayiragije A, Gichuhi E, Yanoria MJ, Otipa M, Wasilwa L, Ouedraogo I, Mitchell T, Wang GL, Correll JC, Talbot NJ. Integrated Strategies for Durable Rice Blast Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2749-2770. [PMID: 34253045 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0593-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a key food security crop in Africa. The importance of rice has led to increasing country-specific, regional, and multinational efforts to develop germplasm and policy initiatives to boost production for a more food-secure continent. Currently, this critically important cereal crop is predominantly cultivated by small-scale farmers under suboptimal conditions in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, represents one of the major biotic constraints to rice production under small-scale farming systems of Africa, and developing durable disease resistance is therefore of critical importance. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances by a multinational collaborative research effort to enhance sustainable rice production across SSA and how it is affected by advances in regional policy. As part of the multinational effort, we highlight the importance of joint international partnerships in tackling multiple crop production constraints through integrated research and outreach programs. More specifically, we highlight recent progress in establishing international networks for rice blast disease surveillance, farmer engagement, monitoring pathogen virulence spectra, and the establishment of regionally based blast resistance breeding programs. To develop blast-resistant, high yielding rice varieties for Africa, we have established a breeding pipeline that utilizes real-time data of pathogen diversity and virulence spectra, to identify major and minor blast resistance genes for introgression into locally adapted rice cultivars. In addition, the project has developed a package to support sustainable rice production through regular stakeholder engagement, training of agricultural extension officers, and establishment of plant clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Mutiga
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Felix Rotich
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Vincent M Were
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - John M Kimani
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David T Mwongera
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Geoffrey Onaga
- National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kadougoudiou Konaté
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Emily Gichuhi
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Miriam Otipa
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lusike Wasilwa
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ibrahima Ouedraogo
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Thomas Mitchell
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - James C Correll
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas J Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
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Odjo T, Diagne D, Adreit H, Milazzo J, Raveloson H, Andriantsimialona D, Kassankogno AI, Ravel S, Gumedzoé YMD, Ouedraogo I, Koita O, Silué D, Tharreau D. Structure of African Populations of Pyricularia oryzae from Rice. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1428-1437. [PMID: 33386066 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-20-0186-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by the filamentous ascomycete Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases of rice. Four genetic clusters were previously identified, and three have a large geographic distribution. Asia is the center of diversity and the origin of most migrations to other continents, and sexual reproduction persisted only in the South China-Laos-North Thailand region, which was identified as the putative center of origin of all P. oryzae populations on rice. Despite the importance of rice blast disease, little is known about the diversity and the population structure of the pathogen in Africa (including Madagascar). The present study was intended to describe the structure of African populations of P. oryzae and identify the relationship between African and worldwide genetic clusters. A set of 2,057 strains (937 African and 1,120 Madagascan strains) were genotyped with 12 simple sequence repeat markers to assess the diversity and the population structure of P. oryzae. Four genetic clusters were identified in Africa and Madagascar. All four clusters previously identified are present in Africa. Populations from West Africa, East Africa, and Madagascar are highly differentiated. The geographic structure is consistent with limited dispersion and with some migration events between neighboring countries. The two mating types are present in Africa with a dominance of Mat1.2, but no female-fertile strain was detected, supporting the absence of sexual reproduction on this continent. This study showed an unsuspected high level of genetic diversity of P. oryzae in Africa and suggested several independent introductions.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Odjo
- Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques de l'Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP526 Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Diariatou Diagne
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP E 3206 Bamako, Mali
| | - Henri Adreit
- UMR BGPI, CIRAD, TA A54/K, 34398 Montpellier, France. BGPI, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Joëlle Milazzo
- UMR BGPI, CIRAD, TA A54/K, 34398 Montpellier, France. BGPI, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Dodelys Andriantsimialona
- Centre Régional de Recherches Fofifa, 110 BP230 Antsirabe, Madagascar
- South Green Bioinformatics Platform, Bioversity, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sébastien Ravel
- UMR BGPI, CIRAD, TA A54/K, 34398 Montpellier, France. BGPI, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ibrahima Ouedraogo
- Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles, BP 910 Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Ousmane Koita
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP E 3206 Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Didier Tharreau
- UMR BGPI, CIRAD, TA A54/K, 34398 Montpellier, France. BGPI, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Meng X, Xiao G, Telebanco-Yanoria MJ, Siazon PM, Padilla J, Opulencia R, Bigirimana J, Habarugira G, Wu J, Li M, Wang B, Lu GD, Zhou B. The broad-spectrum rice blast resistance (R) gene Pita2 encodes a novel R protein unique from Pita. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:19. [PMID: 32170462 PMCID: PMC7070119 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice blast is generally considered the most devastating rice disease worldwide. The development of resistant varieties has been proven to be the most economical strategy to control the disease. A cluster of resistant (R) genes on rice chromosome 12 including Pita, Pita2 and Ptr has been studies for decades. However, the relationship between these R genes has not been well established. RESULTS In this study, we compared the resistance spectra controlled by Pita2 and Pita by testing their monogenic lines (MLs) in four hotspots found in the Philippines and Burundi from 2014 to 2018. The reaction patterns were distinct in two countries and that Pita2-mediated field resistance was relatively prevalent. Pathogenicity tests using 328 single-spore isolates in greenhouse further verified that IRBLta2-Re for Pita2 conferred a relatively broader spectrum resistance than those of Pita. Rough and fine mapping of Pita2 were conducted using F2 and F3 populations derived from IRBLta2-Re [CO] and CO 39 consisting of 4344 progeny to delimit Pita2 in a genomic interval flanked by two markers 12 g18530 and 12 g18920 proximal to the centromere of chromosome 12. Alignment of the markers to the genomic sequence of IR64, which harbors Pita2 verified by genetic analysis, approximately delimited the candidate gene(s) within 313-kb genomic fragment. The two Pita2 suppressive mutants that contain mutations within Pita2 were verified and identified. Comparative sequence analysis in these two mutants further identified that each individual allele contains a single nucleotide substitution at a different position resulting in nonsense and missense mutations in the protein product of LOC_Os12g18729. On the contrary, no sequence mutation was detected in other candidate genes, indicating that mutations in LOC_Os12g18729 were responsible for the loss of function of Pita2. Pita2 encodes a novel R protein unique from Pita, which is exactly identical to the previously cloned Ptr. Moreover, based on the resistance gene analysis of rice varieties and mutants containing Pita, it was found that Pita2 rather than Pita was responsible for the specificity to some differential isolates with AvrPita. The diagnosis and survey of Pita2 in IRRI released varieties showed relatively low frequency, implying a high value of its application for breeding resistant varieties against rice blast via marker assisted selection. CONCLUSION Our study clarified the relationship between Pita, Pita2 and Ptr. Pita2 is identical to Ptr and distinct from Pita in both sequence and chromosomal location although Pita2 and Pita are genetically linked to each other. The loss of function of Pita2 but not Pita eliminate the specificity to some AvrPita containing isolates, however, the mechanism underlying the recognition between Pita2/Pita and AvrPita remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, 1301, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Gui Xiao
- China National Hybrid Rice R&D Center/ Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125, China
| | | | - Paolo Miguel Siazon
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, 1301, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Jonas Padilla
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, 1301, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Rina Opulencia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Joseph Bigirimana
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, 1301, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Georges Habarugira
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, 1301, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Jun Wu
- China National Hybrid Rice R&D Center/ Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, 1301, Metro Manila, Philippines.
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Li T, Wen J, Zhang Y, Correll J, Wang L, Pan Q. Reconstruction of an SSR-based Magnaporthe oryzae physical map to locate avirulence gene AvrPi12. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:47. [PMID: 29855268 PMCID: PMC5984427 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes can evolve rapidly when challenged by the widespread deployment of host genes for resistance. They can be effectively isolated by positional cloning provided a robust and well-populated genetic map is available. RESULTS An updated, SSR-based physical map of the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo) has been constructed based on 116 of the 120 SSRs used to assemble the last map, along with 18 newly developed ones. A comparison between the two versions of the map has revealed an altered marker content and order within most of the Mo chromosomes. The avirulence gene AvrPi12 was mapped in a population of 219 progeny derived from a cross between the two Mo isolates CHL42 and CHL357. A bulked segregant analysis indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 6, a conclusion borne out by an analysis of the pattern of segregation shown by individual isolates. Six additional PCR-based markers were developed to improve the map resolution in the key region. AvrPi12 was finally located within the sub-telomeric region of chromosome 6, distal to the SSR locus LSM6-5. CONCLUSIONS The improved SSR-based linkage map should be useful as a platform for gene mapping and isolation in Mo. It was used to establish the location of AvrPi12, thereby providing a starting point for its positional cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Li
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jianqiang Wen
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - James Correll
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Qinghua Pan
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Abstract
The availability of complete fungal genomes is expanding rapidly and is offering an extensive and accurate view of this "kingdom." The scientific milestone of free access to more than 1000 fungal genomes of different species was reached, and new and stimulating projects have meanwhile been released. The "1000 Fungal Genomes Project" represents one of the largest sequencing initiative regarding fungal organisms trying to fill some gaps on fungal genomics. Presently, there are 329 fungal families with at least one representative genome sequenced, but there is still a large number of fungal families without a single sequenced genome. In addition, additional sequencing projects helped to understand the genetic diversity within some fungal species. The availability of multiple genomes per species allows to support taxonomic organization, brings new insights for fungal evolution in short-time scales, clarifies geographical and dispersion patterns, elucidates outbreaks and transmission routes, among other objectives. Genotyping methodologies analyze only a small fraction of an individual's genome but facilitate the comparison of hundreds or thousands of isolates in a small fraction of the time and at low cost. The integration of whole genome strategies and improved genotyping panels targeting specific and relevant SNPs and/or repeated regions can represent fast and practical strategies for studying local, regional, and global epidemiology of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Araujo
- University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Yao Y, Zhao Z, Correll JC, Wang L, Pan Q. The Race Structure of the Rice Blast Pathogen Across Southern and Northeastern China. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:46. [PMID: 28983868 PMCID: PMC5629185 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice blast, caused by the ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo), imposes a major constraint on rice productivity. Managing the disease through the deployment of host resistance requires a close understanding of race structure of the pathogen population. RESULTS The host/pathogen interaction between isolates sampled from four Mo populations collected across the rice-producing regions of China was tested using two established panels of differential cultivars. The clearest picture was obtained from the Chinese cultivar panel, for which the frequency of the various races, the race diversity index, the specific race isolate frequency, and the frequency of the three predominant races gave a consistent result, from which it was concluded that the pathogen population present in the southern production region was more diverse than that in the northeastern region. The four blast resistance genes Pi1, Pik, Pik-m, and Piz all still remain effective in the southern China rice production area, as does Pi1 in the northeastern region. The effectiveness of Pita, Pik-p, Piz, and Pib is restricted to single provinces. The distinctive resistance profile shown by the Chinese differential cultivar set implied the presence of at least five as yet unidentified blast resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese differential cultivar set proved to be more informative than the Japanese one for characterizing the race structure of the rice blast pathogen in China. A number of well characterized host resistance genes, in addition to some as yet uncharacterized ones, remain effective across the major rice production regions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Qiongle Zhu
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yongxiang Yao
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dandong, 118109 China
| | | | - James C. Correll
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Qinghua Pan
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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