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Song Z, Seo EY, Hu WX, Kim JK, Kang JS, Lee SE, Hammond J, Lim HS. Evaluation of a Series of Turnip Mosaic Virus Chimeric Clones Reveals Two Amino Acid Sites Critical for Systemic Infection in Chinese Cabbage. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:2006-2013. [PMID: 37260102 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0013-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two infectious clones of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), pKBC-1 and pKBC-8, with differential infectivity in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), were obtained. Both infected Nicotiana benthamiana systemically, inducing similar symptoms, whereas only virus KBC-8 infected Chinese cabbage systemically. To identify the determinants affecting infectivity on Chinese cabbage, chimeric clones were constructed by restriction fragment exchange between the parental clones and tested on several Chinese cabbage cultivars. Chimeric clones p1N8C and p8N1C demonstrated that the C-terminal portion of the polyprotein determines systemic infection of Chinese cabbage despite only three amino acid differences in this region, in the cylindrical inclusion (CI), viral protein genome-linked (VPg), and coat protein (CP). A second pair of hybrid constructs, pHindIII-1N8C and pHindIII-8N1C, failed to infect cultivars CR Victory and Jinseonnorang systemically, yet pHindIII-1N8C caused hypersensitive response-like lesions on inoculated leaves of these cultivars, and could systemically infect cultivars CR Chusarang and Jeongsang; this suggests that R genes effective against TuMV may exist in the first two cultivars but not the latter two. Constructs with single amino acid changes in both VPg (K2045E) and CP (Y3095H) failed to infect Chinese cabbage, implying that at least one of these two amino acid substitutions is essential for successful infection on Chinese cabbage. Successful infection by mutant KBC-8-CP-H and delayed infection with mutant HJY1-VPg-E following mutation or reversion suggested that VPg (2045K) is the residue required for infection of Chinese cabbage and involved in the interaction between VPg and eukaryotic initiation factor eIF(iso)4E, confirmed by yeast two-hybrid assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Song
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Xing Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seong Kang
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hammond
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Qing Z, Ahmad S, Chen Y, Liang Q, Zhang L, Chen B, Wen R. P3/P3N-PIPO of PVY interacting with BI-1 inhibits the degradation of NIb by ATG6 to facilitate virus replication in N. benthamiana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1183144. [PMID: 37139112 PMCID: PMC10149851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1183144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Autophagy not only plays an antiviral role but also can be utilized by viruses to facilitate virus infection. However, the underlying mechanism of potato virus Y (PVY) infection against plant autophagy remains unclear. BI-1, localizing to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is a multifunctional protein and may affect the virus infection. Methods In this study, Y2H, BiFC, qRT-PCR, RNA-Seq, WB and so on were used for research. Results P3 and P3N-PIPO of PVY can interact with the Bax inhibitor 1 (BI-1) of N. benthamiana. However, BI-1 knockout mutant showed better growth and development ability. In addition, when the BI-1 gene was knocked out or knocked down in N. benthamiana, the PVY-infected mutant showed milder symptoms and lower virus accumulation. Analysis of transcriptome data showed that the deletion of NbBI-1 weakened the gene expression regulation induced by PVY infection and NbBI-1 may reduce the mRNA level of NbATG6 by regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) in PVY-infected N. benthamiana. The expression level of the ATG6 gene of PVY-infected WT was significantly down-regulated, relative to the PVY-infected mutant. Further results showed that ATG6 of N. benthamiana can degrade NIb, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of PVY. NbATG6 has a higher mRNA level in PVY-infected BI-1 knockout mutants than in PVY-infected WT. Conclussion The interaction of P3 and/or P3N-PIPO of PVY with BI-1 decrease the expression of the ATG6 gene might be mediated by RIDD, which inhibits the degradation of viral NIb and enhances viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuemeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingmin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ronghui Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Ronghui Wen,
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Construction of full-length infectious clones of turnip mosaic virus isolates infecting Perilla frutescens and genetic analysis of recently emerged strains in Korea. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1089-1098. [PMID: 35258649 PMCID: PMC8902734 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perilla is an annual herb with a unique aroma and taste that has been cultivated in Korea for hundreds of years. It has been widely cultivated in many Asian and European countries as a food and medicinal crop. Recently, several viruses have been reported to cause diseases in perilla in Korea, including turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), which is known as a brassica pathogen due to its significant damage to brassica crops. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequences of two new TuMV isolates originating from perilla in Korea. Full-length infectious cDNA clones of these two isolates were constructed, and their infectivity was tested by agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana and sap inoculation of Chinese cabbage and radish plants. In addition, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of six new Korean TuMV isolates to members of the four major groups. We also used RDP4 software to conduct recombination analysis of recent isolates from Korea, which provided new insight into the evolutionary relationships of Korean isolates of TuMV.
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Palukaitis P, Kim S. Resistance to Turnip Mosaic Virus in the Family Brassicaceae. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:1-23. [PMID: 33551693 PMCID: PMC7847761 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.09.2020.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to diseases caused by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in crop species of the family Brassicaceae has been studied extensively, especially in members of the genus Brassica. The variation in response observed on resistant and susceptible plants inoculated with different isolates of TuMV is due to a combination of the variation in the plant resistome and the variation in the virus genome. Here, we review the breadth of this variation, both at the level of variation in TuMV sequences, with one eye towards the phylogeny and evolution of the virus, and another eye towards the nature of the various responses observed in susceptible vs. different types of resistance responses. The analyses of the viral genomes allowed comparisons of pathotyped viruses on particular indicator hosts to produce clusters of host types, while the inclusion of phylogeny data and geographic location allowed the formation of the host/geographic cluster groups, the derivation of both of which are presented here. Various studies on resistance determination in particular brassica crops sometimes led to further genetic studies, in many cases to include the mapping of genes, and in some cases to the actual identification of the genes. In addition to summarizing the results from such studies done in brassica crops, as well as in radish and Arabidopsis (the latter as a potential source of candidate genes for brassica and radish), we also summarize work done using nonconventional approaches to obtaining resistance to TuMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 0797, Korea
- Co-corresponding authors P. Palukaitis, Phone) +82-2-970-5614, FAX) +82-2-970-5610, E-mail) , S. Kim, Phone) +82-31-5182-8112, FAX) +82-31-5182-8113, E-mail) , ORCID, Peter Palukaitis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-1273
| | - Su Kim
- Institute of Plant Analysis Technology Development, The Saeron Co., Suwon 16648, Korea
- Co-corresponding authors P. Palukaitis, Phone) +82-2-970-5614, FAX) +82-2-970-5610, E-mail) , S. Kim, Phone) +82-31-5182-8112, FAX) +82-31-5182-8113, E-mail) , ORCID, Peter Palukaitis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-1273
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Hu WX, Kim BJ, Kwak Y, Seo EY, Kim JK, Han JY, Kim IH, Lim YP, Cho IS, Domier LL, Hammond J, Lim HS. Five Newly Collected Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) Isolates from Jeju Island, Korea are Closely Related to Previously Reported Korean TuMV Isolates but Show Distinctive Symptom Development. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:381-387. [PMID: 31481861 PMCID: PMC6706019 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.11.2018.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For several years, temperatures in the Korean peninsula have gradually increased due to climate change, resulting in a changing environment for growth of crops and vegetables. An associated consequence is that emerging species of insect vector have caused increased viral transmission. In Jeju Island, Korea, occurrences of viral disease have increased. Here, we report characterization of five newly collected turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates named KBJ1, KBJ2, KBJ3, KBJ4 and KBJ5 from a survey on Jeju Island in 2017. Full-length cDNAs of each isolate were cloned into the pJY vector downstream of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S and bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoters. Their fulllength sequences share 98.9-99.9% nucleotide sequence identity and were most closely related to previously reported Korean TuMV isolates. All isolates belonged to the BR group and infected both Chinese cabbage and radish. Four isolates induced very mild symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana but KBJ5 induced a hypersensitive response. Symptom differences may result from three amino acid differences uniquely present in KBJ5; Gly(382)Asp, Ile(891)Val, and Lys(2522)Glu in P1, P3, and NIb, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Hu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Byoung-Jo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Younghwan Kwak
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jae-Yeong Han
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705,
USA
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
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