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Kapoor C, Anamika, Mukesh Sankar S, Singh SP, Singh N, Kumar S. Omics-driven utilization of wild relatives for empowering pre-breeding in pearl millet. PLANTA 2024; 259:155. [PMID: 38750378 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Pearl millet wild relatives harbour novel alleles which could be utilized to broaden genetic base of cultivated species. Genomics-informed pre-breeding is needed to speed up introgression from wild to cultivated gene pool in pearl millet. Rising episodes of intense biotic and abiotic stresses challenge pearl millet production globally. Wild relatives provide a wide spectrum of novel alleles which could address challenges posed by climate change. Pre-breeding holds potential to introgress novel diversity in genetically narrow cultivated Pennisetum glaucum from diverse gene pool. Practical utilization of gene pool diversity remained elusive due to genetic intricacies. Harnessing promising traits from wild pennisetum is limited by lack of information on underlying candidate genes/QTLs. Next-Generation Omics provide vast scope to speed up pre-breeding in pearl millet. Genomic resources generated out of draft genome sequence and improved genome assemblies can be employed to utilize gene bank accessions effectively. The article highlights genetic richness in pearl millet and its utilization with a focus on harnessing next-generation Omics to empower pre-breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kapoor
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Anamika
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S Mukesh Sankar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673012, India
| | - S P Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nirupma Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Rouamba A, Shimelis H, Drabo I, Mrema E, Ojiewo CO, Mwadzingeni L, Rathore A. Genome-wide association analyses of agronomic traits and Striga hermonthica resistance in pearl millet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17152. [PMID: 37821558 PMCID: PMC10567810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) is a nutrient-dense, relatively drought-tolerant cereal crop cultivated in dry regions worldwide. The crop is under-researched, and its grain yield is low (< 0.8 tons ha-1) and stagnant in the major production regions, including Burkina Faso. The low productivity of pearl millet is mainly attributable to a lack of improved varieties, Striga hermonthica [Sh] infestation, downy mildew infection, and recurrent heat and drought stress. Developing high-yielding and Striga-resistant pearl millet varieties that satisfy the farmers' and market needs requires the identification of yield-promoting genes linked to economic traits to facilitate marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding. The objective of this study was to undertake genome-wide association analyses of agronomic traits and Sh resistance among 150 pearl millet genotypes to identify genetic markers for marker-assisted breeding and trait introgression. The pearl millet genotypes were phenotyped in Sh hotspot fields and screen house conditions. Twenty-nine million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) initially generated from 345 pearl millet genotypes were filtered, and 256 K SNPs were selected and used in the present study. Phenotypic data were collected on days to flowering, plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, thousand-grain weight, grain weight, number of emerged Striga and area under the Striga number progress curve (ASNPC). Agronomic and Sh parameters were subjected to combined analysis of variance, while genome-wide association analysis was performed on phenotypic and SNPs data. Significant differences (P < 0.001) were detected among the assessed pearl millet genotypes for Sh parameters and agronomic traits. Further, there were significant genotype by Sh interaction for the number of Sh and ASNPC. Twenty-eight SNPs were significantly associated with a low number of emerged Sh located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7. Four SNPs were associated with days-to-50%-flowering on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 7, while five were associated with panicle length on chromosomes 2, 3, and 4. Seven SNPs were linked to thousand-grain weight on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6. The putative SNP markers associated with a low number of emerged Sh and agronomic traits in the assessed genotypes are valuable genomic resources for accelerated breeding and variety deployment of pearl millet with Sh resistance and farmer- and market-preferred agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armel Rouamba
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Inoussa Drabo
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Emmanuel Mrema
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
- Tanzania Agriculture Research Institute, Tumbi Center, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania
| | - Christopher Ochieng Ojiewo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT - ICRAF, House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Learnmore Mwadzingeni
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
- Seed Co Limited, 1 Shamwari Road, Stapleford, P.O. Box WGT 64 Westage, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- Excellence in Breeding Platform (EiB), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Dossa EN, Shimelis H, Mrema E, Shayanowako ATI, Laing M. Genetic resources and breeding of maize for Striga resistance: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1163785. [PMID: 37235028 PMCID: PMC10206272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1163785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The potential yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and other major crops is curtailed by several biotic, abiotic, and socio-economic constraints. Parasitic weeds, Striga spp., are major constraints to cereal and legume crop production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Yield losses reaching 100% are reported in maize under severe Striga infestation. Breeding for Striga resistance has been shown to be the most economical, feasible, and sustainable approach for resource-poor farmers and for being environmentally friendly. Knowledge of the genetic and genomic resources and components of Striga resistance is vital to guide genetic analysis and precision breeding of maize varieties with desirable product profiles under Striga infestation. This review aims to present the genetic and genomic resources, research progress, and opportunities in the genetic analysis of Striga resistance and yield components in maize for breeding. The paper outlines the vital genetic resources of maize for Striga resistance, including landraces, wild relatives, mutants, and synthetic varieties, followed by breeding technologies and genomic resources. Integrating conventional breeding, mutation breeding, and genomic-assisted breeding [i.e., marker-assisted selection, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, next-generation sequencing, and genome editing] will enhance genetic gains in Striga resistance breeding programs. This review may guide new variety designs for Striga-resistance and desirable product profiles in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Nanou Dossa
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Mrema
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, Tumbi Center, Tabora, Tanzania
| | | | - Mark Laing
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Jamil M, Kountche BA, Al-Babili S. Current progress in Striga management. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1339-1352. [PMID: 33793943 PMCID: PMC8133620 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Striga, particularly S. he rmonthica, problem has become a major threat to food security, exacerbating hunger and poverty in many African countries. A number of Striga control strategies have been proposed and tested during the past decade, however, further research efforts are still needed to provide sustainable and effective solutions to the Striga problem. In this paper, we provide an update on the recent progress and the approaches used in Striga management, and highlight emerging opportunities for developing new technologies to control this enigmatic parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Boubacar A Kountche
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the BioActives Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Author for communication:
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Timper P, Wilson JP. Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Pearl Millet From West and East Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2006; 90:339-344. [PMID: 30786559 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita is important to provide stability to pearl millet production and to reduce nematode populations that can damage crops grown in rotation with pearl millet. The objectives of this study were to determine whether resistance to M. incognita exists in pearl millet from West and East Africa, and to determine if heterogeneity for resistance exists within selected cultivars. Resistance was assessed as nematode egg production per gram of root in greenhouse trials. Seventeen pearl millet cultivars of diverse origin were evaluated as bulk (S0) populations. All African cultivars expressed some level of resistance. P3Kollo was among the least resistant of the African cultivars, Zongo and Gwagwa were intermediate, and SoSat-C88 was among the most resistant. Thirty selfed (S1) progeny selections from SoSat-C88, Gwagwa, Zongo, and P3Kollo were evaluated for heterogeneity of resistance within cultivar. Reactions were verified in 13 S2 progeny of each of the four cultivars. In S1 evaluations, each of these cultivars was heterogeneous for resistance. Progeny reaction varied from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Patterns of apparent segregation of resistance varied among the four cultivars. Discreet resistant and susceptible phenotypes were identified in Zongo progeny, and it was estimated that two dominant genes for resistance segregated in this cultivar. Averaged across progenies, egg production on the four cultivars was less (P ≤ 0.001) than on the susceptible hybrid HGM-100, but was not different from resistant hybrid TifGrain 102. Reproduction of M. incognita on the S2 progeny tended to confirm the results from inoculations of S1 progeny. Heritability of nematode reproduction (standardized as the ratio of the value to HGM-100) determined by parent-offspring regression was 0.54. Realized heritability determined by divergent selection was 0.87.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Timper
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, and USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793-0748
| | - J P Wilson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, and USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793-0748
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Lynch RE, Guo B, Timper P, Wilson JP. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on improving host-plant resistance to pests. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2003; 59:718-727. [PMID: 12846322 DOI: 10.1002/ps.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Host-plant resistance is an efficient, economical and environmentally benign approach used to manage many pests and diseases of agricultural crops. After nearly a century of research, the resources and tools have become more refined, but the basic tasks in breeding for resistance have not changed. Resistance must be identified, incorporated into elite germplasm, and deployed in a form useful to growers. In some instances, biotechnology has expedited this process through incorporating a foreign gene(s) for resistance into elite germplasm. The USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) has made significant contributions in the development of germplasm with resistance to insects, nematodes and plant diseases. Because resistant plant varieties are an essential component of sustainable production systems, ARS is committed to developing techniques and germplasm to help meet this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Lynch
- USDA-ARS, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA.
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