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Lei Q, Yu Q, Yang N, Xiao Z, Song C, Zhang R, Yang S, Liu Z, Deng H. Therapeutic potential of targeting polo-like kinase 4. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116115. [PMID: 38199166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, masterfully regulates centriole duplication in a spatiotemporal manner to ensure the fidelity of centrosome duplication and proper mitosis. Abnormal expression of PLK4 contributes to genomic instability and associates with a poor prognosis in cancer. Inhibition of PLK4 is demonstrated to exhibit significant efficacy against various types of human cancers, further highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. As such, numerous small-molecule inhibitors with distinct chemical scaffolds targeting PLK4 have been extensively investigated for the treatment of different human cancers, with several undergoing clinical evaluation (e.g., CFI-400945). Here, we review the structure, distribution, and biological functions of PLK4, encapsulate its intricate regulatory mechanisms of expression, and highlighting its multifaceted roles in cancer development and metastasis. Moreover, the recent advancements of PLK4 inhibitors in patent or literature are summarized, and their therapeutic potential as monotherapies or combination therapies with other anticancer agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Quanwei Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Na Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhaolin Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Shuxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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2
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Song K, Jiang X, Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang J, Tian Y, Wang Q, Weng J, Liang Y, Ma W. Ste20-like kinase activity promotes meiotic resumption and spindle microtubule stability in mouse oocytes. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13391. [PMID: 36579845 PMCID: PMC10068952 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ste20-like kinase (SLK) is involved in cell proliferation and migration in somatic cells. This study aims to explore SLK expression and function in mouse oocyte meiosis. Western blot, immunofluorescence, Co-immunoprecipitation, drug treatment, cRNA construct and in vitro transcription, microinjection of morpholino oilgo (MO) and cRNA were performed in oocytes. High and stable protein expression of SLK was detected in mouse oocyte meiosis, with dynamic distribution in the nucleus, chromosomes and spindle apparatus. SLK phosphorylation emerges around meiotic resumption and reaches a peak during metaphase I (MI) and metaphase II. SLK knockdown with MO or expression of kinase-dead SLK K63R dramatically delays meiotic resumption due to sequentially suppressed phosphorylation of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C) and dephosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). SLK depletion promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of paxillin, an antagonist to α-tubulin deacetylation, and thus destroys spindle assembly and chromosome alignment; these phenotypes can be substantially rescued by exogenous expression of SLK kinase active fragment. Additionally, exogenous SLK effectively promotes meiotic progression and spindle assembly in aging oocytes with reduced SLK. Collectively, this study reveals SLK is required for meiotic resumption and spindle assembly in mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Jiang
- Division of Sport Anatomy, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Weng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjing Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ozturk S. Molecular determinants of the meiotic arrests in mammalian oocytes at different stages of maturation. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:547-571. [PMID: 35072590 PMCID: PMC8942507 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2026704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes undergo two rounds of developmental arrest during maturation: at the diplotene of the first meiotic prophase and metaphase of the second meiosis. These arrests are strictly regulated by follicular cells temporally producing the secondary messengers, cAMP and cGMP, and other factors to regulate maturation promoting factor (composed of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1) levels in the oocytes. Out of these normally appearing developmental arrests, permanent arrests may occur in the oocytes at germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), or metaphase II (MII) stage. This issue may arise from absence or altered expression of the oocyte-related genes playing key roles in nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Additionally, the assisted reproductive technology (ART) applications such as ovarian stimulation and in vitro culture conditions both of which harbor various types of chemical agents may contribute to forming the permanent arrests. In this review, the molecular determinants of developmental and permanent arrests occurring in the mammalian oocytes are comprehensively evaluated in the light of current knowledge. As number of permanently arrested oocytes at different stages is increasing in ART centers, potential approaches for inducing permanent arrests to obtain competent oocytes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey,CONTACT Saffet Ozturk Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya07070, Turkey
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4
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Dynactin pathway-related gene expression is altered by aging, but not by vitrification. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 88:48-55. [PMID: 31260804 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The storage of surplus oocytes by cryopreservation (OC) is a widely used tool in assisted reproductive technology, but there is a great debate about the effects of cryopreservation on oocyte competence. It is known that OC may affect meiotic spindles but remains unclear if OC may increase the risk of aneuploidy. The aim of this study was to test the effects of OC and women aging on the expression of cytokinesis-related genes playing an important role in the segregation of chromosomes (DCTN1, DCTN2, DCTN3, DCTN6 and PLK1). Results highlighted that OC do not modify the expression of the selected genes, whereas women aging modulate the expression of all transcripts, confirming that aging is the crucial factor affecting meiosis and aneuploidy risk. A new role for Dynactin and PLK1 was shed in light, providing information on the ageing process in the oocyte which may be associated to reduced fertility.
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Animal Female Meiosis: The Challenges of Eliminating Centrosomes. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070073. [PMID: 29996518 PMCID: PMC6071224 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction requires the generation of gametes, which are highly specialised for fertilisation. Female reproductive cells, oocytes, grow up to large sizes when they accumulate energy stocks and store proteins as well as mRNAs to enable rapid cell divisions after fertilisation. At the same time, metazoan oocytes eliminate their centrosomes, i.e., major microtubule-organizing centres (MTOCs), during or right after the long growth phases. Centrosome elimination poses two key questions: first, how can the centrosome be re-established after fertilisation? In general, metazoan oocytes exploit sperm components, i.e., the basal body of the sperm flagellum, as a platform to reinitiate centrosome production. Second, how do most metazoan oocytes manage to build up meiotic spindles without centrosomes? Oocytes have evolved mechanisms to assemble bipolar spindles solely around their chromosomes without the guidance of pre-formed MTOCs. Female animal meiosis involves microtubule nucleation and organisation into bipolar microtubule arrays in regulated self-assembly under the control of the Ran system and nuclear transport receptors. This review summarises our current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying self-assembly of meiotic spindles, its spatio-temporal regulation, and the key players governing this process in animal oocytes.
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Do DV, Strauss B, Cukuroglu E, Macaulay I, Wee KB, Hu TX, Igor RDLM, Lee C, Harrison A, Butler R, Dietmann S, Jernej U, Marioni J, Smith CWJ, Göke J, Surani MA. SRSF3 maintains transcriptome integrity in oocytes by regulation of alternative splicing and transposable elements. Cell Discov 2018; 4:33. [PMID: 29928511 PMCID: PMC6006335 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein SRSF3 (also known as SRp20) has critical roles in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing. Zygotic knockout of Srsf3 results in embryo arrest at the blastocyst stage. However, SRSF3 is also present in oocytes, suggesting that it might be critical as a maternally inherited factor. Here we identify SRSF3 as an essential regulator of alternative splicing and of transposable elements to maintain transcriptome integrity in mouse oocyte. Using 3D time-lapse confocal live imaging, we show that conditional deletion of Srsf3 in fully grown germinal vesicle oocytes substantially compromises the capacity of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and consequently entry into meiosis. By combining single cell RNA-seq, and oocyte micromanipulation with steric blocking antisense oligonucleotides and RNAse-H inducing gapmers, we found that the GVBD defect in mutant oocytes is due to both aberrant alternative splicing and derepression of B2 SINE transposable elements. Together, our study highlights how control of transcriptional identity of the maternal transcriptome by the RNA-binding protein SRSF3 is essential to the development of fertilized-competent oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Vinh Do
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY UK
| | - Bernhard Strauss
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
| | - Engin Cukuroglu
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672 Singapore
| | - Iain Macaulay
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Keng Boon Wee
- Department Fluid Dynamics, Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632 Singapore
- Biomolecular Function Discovery Division, Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore
| | - Tim Xiaoming Hu
- EMBL European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Caroline Lee
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY UK
| | - Andrew Harrison
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
| | - Richard Butler
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR UK
| | - Ule Jernej
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Marioni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Christopher W. J. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW UK
| | - Jonathan Göke
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672 Singapore
| | - M. Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY UK
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Molecular Mechanisms of Prophase I Meiotic Arrest Maintenance and Meiotic Resumption in Mammalian Oocytes. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:1519-1537. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719118765974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of meiotic prophase I arrest maintenance (germinal vesicle [GV] stage) and meiotic resumption (germinal vesicle breakdown [GVBD] stage) in mammalian oocytes seem to be very complicated. These processes are regulated via multiple molecular cascades at transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels, and many of them are interrelated. There are many molecular cascades of meiosis maintaining and meiotic resumption in oocyte which are orchestrated by multiple molecules produced by pituitary gland and follicular cells. Furthermore, many of these molecular cascades are duplicated, thus ensuring the stability of the entire system. Understanding mechanisms of oocyte maturation is essential to assess the oocyte status, develop effective protocols of oocyte in vitro maturation, and design novel contraceptive drugs. Mechanisms of meiotic arrest maintenance at prophase I and meiotic resumption in mammalian oocytes are covered in the present article.
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Inoue D, Wittbrodt J, Gruss OJ. Loss and Rebirth of the Animal Microtubule Organizing Center: How Maternal Expression of Centrosomal Proteins Cooperates with the Sperm Centriole in Zygotic Centrosome Reformation. Bioessays 2018. [PMID: 29522658 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes are the main microtubule organizing centers in animal cells. In particular during embryogenesis, they ensure faithful spindle formation and proper cell divisions. As metazoan centrosomes are eliminated during oogenesis, they have to be reassembled upon fertilization. Most metazoans use the sperm centrioles as templates for new centrosome biogenesis while the egg's cytoplasm re-prepares all components for on-going centrosome duplication in rapidly dividing embryonic cells. We discuss our knowledge and the experimental challenges to analyze zygotic centrosome reformation, which requires genetic experiments to enable scrutinizing respective male and female contributions. Male and female knockout animals and mRNA injection to mimic maternal expression of centrosomal proteins could point a way to the systematic molecular dissection of the process. The most recent data suggest that timely expression of centrosome components in oocytes is the key to zygotic centrosome reformation that uses male sperm as coordinators for de novo centrosome production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Inoue
- Dr. D. Inoue, Prof. Dr. J. Wittbrodt, Centre of Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Dr. D. Inoue, Prof. Dr. J. Wittbrodt, Centre of Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Gruss
- Prof. Dr. O. J. Gruss, Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str.13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Gutteridge REA, Ndiaye MA, Liu X, Ahmad N. Plk1 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: From Laboratory to Clinics. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1427-35. [PMID: 27330107 PMCID: PMC4936921 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) overexpression has been shown to occur in a wide range of tumors, prompting research and development of Plk1 inhibitors as a means of cancer treatment. This review discusses recent advances in the development of Plk1 inhibitors for cancer management. Plk1 inhibition has been shown to cause mitotic block and apoptosis of cells with higher mitotic index and therefore higher Plk1 expression. The potential of Plk1 inhibitors as cancer therapeutics has been widely investigated. However, a complete understanding of Plk1 biology/mechanism is yet to be fully achieved. Resistance to certain chemotherapeutic drugs has been linked to Plk1 overexpression, and Plk1-mediated mitotic events such as microtubule rearrangement have been found to reduce the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. The Plk1 inhibitor volasertib has shown considerable promise in clinical studies, having reached phase III trials. However, preclinical success with Plk1 inhibitors has not translated well into clinical success. In our view, combined therapies targeting other relevant pathways together with Plk1 may be vital to combat issues observed with monotherapy, especially resistance. In addition, research should also be directed toward understanding the mechanisms of Plk1 and designing additional next generations of specific, potent Plk1 inhibitors to target cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1427-35. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Ann Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Liang S, Zhao MH, Guo J, Choi JW, Kim NH, Cui XS. Polo-like kinase 4 regulates spindle and actin assembly in meiosis and influence of early embryonic development in bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2015; 85:754-61.e1. [PMID: 26549124 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PLK4, a polo-like kinase (PLK) family member that accumulates in the cytoplasm, has been identified as a crucial regulator of centriole formation. PLK4 also controls several essential cellular functions, including cytokinesis and gene expression. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of PLK4 during bovine oocyte meiotic maturation and subsequent embryo development. The PLK4 mRNA was detected in bovine oocytes at all developmental stages during meiotic maturation. Immunofluorescence staining showed that PLK4 protein exhibited a dynamic localization pattern in the oocyte cytoplasm during meiotic maturation, and fluorescence immunostaining markedly increased in metaphase II. When an interfering double-stranded RNA targeting PLK4 was injected into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes, PLK4 transcript levels decreased significantly in metaphase II oocytes (P < 0.05). The PLK4 knockdown caused spindle defects and chromosome misalignment and considerably reduced the amount of cortical and cytoplasmic actin. PLK4 was localized in the cytoplasm of early embryos, and PLK4 knockdown in germinal vesicle-stage oocytes led to failure in the early development of in vitro fertilized embryos (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results indicated that PLK4 plays crucial roles in bovine oocyte meiotic maturation and subsequent early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Jia JL, Han YH, Kim HC, Ahn M, Kwon JW, Luo Y, Gunasekaran P, Lee SJ, Lee KS, Kyu Bang J, Kim NH, Namgoong S. Structural basis for recognition of Emi2 by Polo-like kinase 1 and development of peptidomimetics blocking oocyte maturation and fertilization. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14626. [PMID: 26459104 PMCID: PMC4602232 DOI: 10.1038/srep14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In a mammalian oocyte, completion of meiosis is suspended until fertilization by a sperm, and the cell cycle is arrested by a biochemical activity called cytostatic factor (CSF). Emi2 is one of the CSFs, and it maintains the protein level of maturation promoting factor (MPF) by inhibiting ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Degradation of Emi2 via ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis after fertilization requires phosphorylation by Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). Therefore, recognition and phosphorylation of Emi2 by Plk1 are crucial steps for cell cycle resumption, but the binding mode of Emi2 and Plk1 is poorly understood. Using biochemical assays and X-ray crystallography, we found that two phosphorylated threonines (Thr(152) and Thr(176)) in Emi2 are each responsible for the recruitment of one Plk1 molecule by binding to its C-terminal polo box domain (PBD). We also found that meiotic maturation and meiosis resumption via parthenogenetic activation were impaired when Emi2 interaction with Plk1-PBD was blocked by a peptidomimetic called 103-8. Because of the inherent promiscuity of kinase inhibitors, our results suggest that targeting PBD of Plk1 may be an effective strategy for the development of novel and specific contraceptive agents that block oocyte maturation and/or fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Han
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Cheol Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Mija Ahn
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yibo Luo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soo-Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung S. Lee
- National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Namgoong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Republic of Korea
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12
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Schubert C. Organizing the Meiotic Oocyte. Biol Reprod 2015. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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13
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Schubert C. Single-Cell Analysis Yields New View of Human Recombination. Biol Reprod 2015. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.131888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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14
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Schubert C. Mom's Genes Affect Aneuploidy Rates in Embryos. Biol Reprod 2015. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.130906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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