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Wang Q, Sundar IK, Blum JL, Ratner JR, Lucas JH, Chuang TD, Wang Y, Liu J, Rehan VK, Zelikoff JT, Rahman I. Prenatal Exposure to Electronic-Cigarette Aerosols Leads to Sex-Dependent Pulmonary Extracellular-Matrix Remodeling and Myogenesis in Offspring Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 63:794-805. [PMID: 32853043 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0036oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic-cigarette (e-cig) vaping is a serious concern, as many pregnant women who vape consider it safe. However, little is known about the harmful effects of prenatal e-cig exposure on adult offspring, especially on extracellular-matrix (ECM) deposition and myogenesis in the lungs of offspring. We evaluated the biochemical and molecular implications of maternal exposure during pregnancy to e-cig aerosols on the adult offspring of both sexes, with a particular focus on pulmonary ECM remodeling and myogenesis. Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to e-cig aerosols with or without nicotine, throughout gestation, and lungs were collected from adult male and female offspring. Compared with the air-exposed control group, female mice exposed to e-cig aerosols, with or without nicotine, demonstrated increased lung protein abundance of LEF-1 (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1), fibronectin, and E-cadherin, whereas altered E-cadherin and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) levels were observed only in males exposed to e-cig aerosols with nicotine. Moreover, lipogenic and myogenic mRNAs were dysregulated in adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner. PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), one of the ECM regulators, was significantly increased in females exposed prenatally to e-cig aerosols with nicotine and in males exposed to e-cig aerosols compared with control animals exposed to air. MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), a downstream target of PAI-1, was downregulated in both sexes exposed to e-cig aerosols with nicotine. No differences in lung histology were observed among any of the treatment groups. Overall, adult mice exposed prenatally to e-cig aerosols could be predisposed to developing pulmonary disease later in life. Thus, these findings suggest that vaping during pregnancy is unsafe and increases the propensity for later-life interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jason L Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York; and
| | - Jill R Ratner
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York; and
| | - Joseph H Lucas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Tsai-Der Chuang
- Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Judith T Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York; and
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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