1
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Li B, Jin X, Chan HM. Effects of low doses of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on definitive endoderm cell differentiation in human embryonic stem cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2625-2641. [PMID: 37612375 PMCID: PMC10475006 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Fetal development is one of the most sensitive windows to methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity. Laboratory and epidemiological studies have shown a dose-response relationship between fetal MeHg exposure and neuro performance in different life stages from infants to adults. In addition, MeHg exposure has been reported to be associated with disorders in endoderm-derived organs, such as morphological changes in liver cells and pancreatic cell dysfunctions. However, the mechanisms of the effects of MeHg on non-neuronal organs or systems, especially during the early development of endoderm-derived organs, remain unclear. Here we determined the effects of low concentrations of MeHg exposure during the differentiation of definitive endoderm (DE) cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). hESCs were exposed to MeHg (0, 10, 100, and 200 nM) that covers the range of Hg concentrations typically found in human maternal blood during DE cell induction. Transcriptomic analysis showed that sub-lethal doses of MeHg exposure could alter global gene expression patterns during hESC to DE cell differentiation, leading to increased expression of endodermal genes/proteins and the over-promotion of endodermal fate, mainly through disrupting calcium homeostasis and generating ROS. Bioinformatic analysis results suggested that MeHg exerts its developmental toxicity mainly by disrupting ribosome biogenesis during early cell lineage differentiation. This disruption could lead to aberrant growth or dysfunctions of the developing endoderm-derived organs, and it may be the underlying mechanism for the observed congenital diseases later in life. Based on the results, we proposed an adverse outcome pathway for the effects of MeHg exposure during human embryonic stem cells to definitive endoderm differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Li
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Xiaolei Jin
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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2
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Shan C, Liang Y, Wang K, Li P. Noncoding RNAs in cancer ferroptosis: From biology to clinical opportunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115053. [PMID: 37379641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered pattern of programmed cell death that is nonapoptotic and irondependent. It is involved in lipid peroxidation dependent on reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis has been verified to play a crucial regulatory role in a variety of pathological courses of disease, in particularly cancer. Emerging research has highlighted the potential of ferroptosis in tumorigenesis, cancer development and resistance to chemotherapy. However, the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis remains unclear, which limits the application of ferroptosis in cancer treatment. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are noncoding transcripts that regulate gene expression in various ways to affect the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. At present, the biological function and underlying regulatory mechanism of ncRNAs in cancer ferroptosis have been partially elucidated. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the central regulatory network of ferroptosis, with a focus on the regulatory functions of ncRNAs in cancer ferroptosis. The clinical application and prospects of ferroptosis-related ncRNAs in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and anticancer therapies are also discussed. Elucidating the function and mechanism of ncRNAs in ferroptosis, along with assessing the clinical significance of ferroptosis-related ncRNAs, provides new perspectives for understanding cancer biology and treatment approaches, which may benefit numerous cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Ding W, Wang J, Ao X, Xue J. Non-coding RNA-mediated modulation of ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114993. [PMID: 37302320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide and seriously threatens human health and life. Cardiomyocyte death is considered the pathological basis of various CVDs, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and aortic dissection. Multiple mechanisms, such as ferroptosis, necrosis, and apoptosis, contribute to cardiomyocyte death. Among them, ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death that plays a vital role in various physiological and pathological processes, from development and aging to immunity and CVD. The dysregulation of ferroptosis has been shown to be closely associated with CVD progression, yet its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In recent years, a growing amount of evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are involved in the regulation of ferroptosis, thus affecting CVD progression. Some ncRNAs also exhibit potential value as biomarker and/or therapeutic target for patients with CVD. In this review, we systematically summarize recent findings on the underlying mechanisms of ncRNAs involved in ferroptosis regulation and their role in CVD progression. We also focus on their clinical applications as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in CVD treatment. DATA AVAILABILITY: No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Junqiang Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China.
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4
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Challakkara MF, Chhabra R. snoRNAs in hematopoiesis and blood malignancies: A comprehensive review. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1207-1225. [PMID: 37183323 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of highly variable size, usually ranging from 60 to 150 nucleotides. They are classified into H/ACA box snoRNAs, C/D box snoRNAs, and scaRNAs. Their functional profile includes biogenesis of ribosomes, processing of rRNAs, 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridylation of RNAs, alternative splicing and processing of mRNAs and the generation of small RNA molecules like miRNA. The snoRNAs have been observed to have an important role in hematopoiesis and malignant hematopoietic conditions including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Blood malignancies arise in immune system cells or the bone marrow due to chromosome abnormalities. It has been estimated that annually over 1.25 million cases of blood cancer occur worldwide. The snoRNAs often show a differential expression profile in blood malignancies. Recent reports associate the abnormal expression of snoRNAs with the inhibition of apoptosis, uncontrolled cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This implies that targeting snoRNAs could be a potential way to treat hematologic malignancies. In this review, we describe the various functions of snoRNAs, their role in hematopoiesis, and the consequences of their dysregulation in blood malignancies. We also evaluate the potential of the dysregulated snoRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for blood malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fahad Challakkara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ravindresh Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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5
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Kurata K, Samur MK, Liow P, Wen K, Yamamoto L, Liu J, Morelli E, Gulla A, Tai YT, Qi J, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. BRD9 Degradation Disrupts Ribosome Biogenesis in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1807-1821. [PMID: 36780189 PMCID: PMC10150249 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRD9 is a defining component of the noncanonical SWI/SNF complex, which regulates gene expression by controlling chromatin dynamics. Although recent studies have found an oncogenic role for BRD9 in multiple cancer types including multiple myeloma, its clinical significance and oncogenic mechanism have not yet been elucidated. Here, we sought to identify the clinical and biological impact of BRD9 in multiple myeloma, which may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed integrated analyses of BRD9 in vitro and in vivo using multiple myeloma cell lines and primary multiple myeloma cells in established preclinical models, which identified the molecular functions of BRD9 contributing to multiple myeloma cell survival. RESULTS We found that high BRD9 expression was a poor prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Depleting BRD9 by genetic (shRNA) and pharmacologic (dBRD9-A; proteolysis-targeting chimera; BRD9 degrader) approaches downregulated ribosome biogenesis genes, decreased the expression of the master regulator MYC, and disrupted the protein-synthesis maintenance machinery, thereby inhibiting multiple myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo in preclinical models. Importantly, we identified that the expression of ribosome biogenesis genes was associated with the disease progression and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma. Our results suggest that BRD9 promotes gene expression by predominantly occupying the promoter regions of ribosome biogenesis genes and cooperating with BRD4 to enhance the transcriptional function of MYC. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies and validates BRD9 as a novel therapeutic target in preclinical models of multiple myeloma, which provides the framework for the clinical evaluation of BRD9 degraders to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Kurata
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet K. Samur
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla Liow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth Wen
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leona Yamamoto
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiye Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annamaria Gulla
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Dong J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Yang L, Qian X, Qian W, Han Y, Huang H, Qian P. Small but strong: Pivotal roles and potential applications of snoRNAs in hematopoietic malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939465. [PMID: 36033520 PMCID: PMC9413531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) belong to a family of noncoding RNAs that are 60-300 nucleotides in length, and they are classified into two classes according to their structure and function: C/D box snoRNAs, playing an essential role in 2’-O-methylation modification on ribosomal RNA; H/ACA box snoRNAs, involved in the pseudouridylation of rRNA. SnoRNAs with unclear functions, no predictable targets, and unusual subcellular locations are called orphan snoRNAs. Recent studies have revealed abnormal expression and demonstrated the pivotal roles of snoRNAs and their host genes in various types of hematological malignancies. This review discusses recent discoveries concerning snoRNAs in a variety of hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma, lymphoma and leukemia, and sheds light on the application of snoRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets of hematological malignancies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dong
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoru Zhang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenchang Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingli Han
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengxu Qian, ; He Huang,
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Pengxu Qian, ; He Huang,
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7
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Dysregulation of Small Nucleolar RNAs in B-Cell Malignancies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061229. [PMID: 35740251 PMCID: PMC9219770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are responsible for post-transcriptional modification of ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs, and thereby have important regulatory functions in mRNA splicing and protein translation. Several studies have shown that snoRNAs are dysregulated in human cancer and may play a role in cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we focus on the role of snoRNAs in normal and malignant B-cell development. SnoRNA activity appears to be essential for normal B-cell differentiation and dysregulated expression of sno-RNAs is determined in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and plasma cell neoplasms. SnoRNA expression is associated with cytogenetic/molecular subgroups and clinical outcome in patients with B-cell malignancies. Translocations involving snoRNAs have been described as well. Here, we discuss the different aspects of snoRNAs in B-cell malignancies and report on their role in oncogenic transformation, which may be useful for the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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8
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The Multiple Myeloma Landscape: Epigenetics and Non-Coding RNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102348. [PMID: 35625953 PMCID: PMC9139326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent findings in multiple myeloma have led to therapies which have improved patient life quality and expectancy. However, frequent relapse and drug resistance emphasize the need for more efficient therapeutic approaches. The discovery of non-coding RNAs as key actors in multiple myeloma has broadened the molecular landscape of this disease, together with classical epigenetic factors such as methylation and acetylation. microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs comprise the majority of the described non-coding RNAs dysregulated in multiple myeloma, while circular RNAs are recently emerging as promising molecular targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent knowledge on this topic and suggests new therapeutic strategies. Abstract Despite advances in available treatments, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease and represents a challenge in oncohematology. New insights into epigenetic factors contributing to MM development and progression have improved the knowledge surrounding its molecular basis. Beyond classical epigenetic factors, including methylation and acetylation, recent genome analyses have unveiled the importance of non-coding RNAs in MM pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs have become of interest, as their dysregulation opens the door to new therapeutic approaches. The discovery, in the past years, of molecular techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas, has led to innovative therapies with potential benefits to achieve a better outcome for MM patients. This review summarizes the current knowledge on epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in MM pathogenesis.
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Calvo Sánchez J, Köhn M. Small but Mighty-The Emerging Role of snoRNAs in Hematological Malignancies. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:68. [PMID: 34842767 PMCID: PMC8629011 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, the long known class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have gained interest among the scientific community, especially in the clinical context. The main molecular role of this interesting family of non-coding RNAs is to serve as scaffolding RNAs to mediate site-specific RNA modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). With the development of new sequencing techniques and sophisticated analysis pipelines, new members of the snoRNA family were identified and global expression patterns in disease backgrounds could be determined. We will herein shed light on the current research progress in snoRNA biology and their clinical role by influencing disease outcome in hematological diseases. Astonishingly, in recent studies snoRNAs emerged as potent biomarkers in a variety of these clinical setups, which is also highlighted by the frequent deregulation of snoRNA levels in the hema-oncological context. However, research is only starting to reveal how snoRNAs might influence cellular functions and the connected disease hallmarks in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Köhn
- Junior Research Group ‘RBPs and ncRNAs in Human Diseases’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany;
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10
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Small nucleolar RNA is potential as a novel player in leukemogenesis and clinical application. BLOOD SCIENCE 2021; 3:122-131. [PMID: 35402848 PMCID: PMC8975097 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of clarity of the mechanisms that underlie leukemogenesis obstructs the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of leukemia. Research has found that small nuclear RNA (snoRNA) plays an essential role in leukemia. These small non-coding RNAs are involved in ribosome biogenesis, including the 2′-O-methylation and pseudouridylation of precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA), and pre-rRNA splicing. Recently, many snoRNAs were found to be orphans that have no predictable RNA modification targets, but these RNAs have always been found to be located in different subcellular organelles, and they play diverse roles. Using high-throughput technology, snoRNA expression profiles have been revealed in leukemia, and some of the deregulated snoRNAs may regulate the cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in leukemic cells and confer drug resistance during leukemia treatment. In this review, we discuss the expression profiles and functions of snoRNAs, particularly orphan snoRNAs, in leukemia. It is possible that the dysregulated snoRNAs are promising diagnosis and prognosis markers for leukemia, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets in leukemia treatment.
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11
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Schjesvold F, Oriol A. Current and Novel Alkylators in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2465. [PMID: 34070213 PMCID: PMC8158783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of novel treatments for myeloma have been developed and approved; however, alkylating drugs continue to be part of standard regimens. Additionally, novel alkylators are currently being developed. We performed a non-systematized literary search for relevant papers and communications at large conferences, as well as exploiting the authors' knowledge of the field, to review the history, current use and novel concepts around the traditional alkylators cyclophosphamide, bendamustine and melphalan and current data on the newly developed pro-drug melflufen. Even in the era of targeted treatment and personalized medicine, alkylating drugs continue to be part of the standard-of-care in myeloma, and new alkylators are coming to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schjesvold
- Oslo Myeloma Center, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for B-Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, 4950 Oslo, Norway
| | - Albert Oriol
- Institut Josep Carreras and Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
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12
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Hu H, Li C, Zhang H, Wu G, Huang Y. Role of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein in RANKL-differentiated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells: Modulation of NF-κB, c-Fos and NFATc1 transcription factors. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:412. [PMID: 33747153 PMCID: PMC7967814 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is essential for osteoclast differentiation, and reduced VASP expression results in depressed osteoclast differentiation. Previously, we demonstrated the importance of VASP and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 interactions in osteosarcoma cell migration and metastasis using Mg-63 and Saos2 cells. However, the molecular details of the functional role of VASP in cell motility and migration remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that VASP affects the expression of αV-integrin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and lamellipodia protrusion in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The RAW 264.7 mouse monocyte macrophage cell line was used as an osteoclast precursor. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 50 ng/ml of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL) in order to induce cell differentiation (osteoclastogenesis). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence VASP, and RT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression for genes and proteins, respectively. TRAP staining as a histochemical marker for osteoclast and fluorescent microscopy for lamellipodia protrusion was performed. RANKL treatment significantly increased the gene and protein expression of VASP, αV-integrin and TRAP in RAW 264.7 cells. Silencing of VASP significantly reduced the RANKL-induced expression of αV-integrin, TRAP and lamellipodia protrusion. In addition, knockdown of VASP attenuated RANKL-stimulated activation of NF-κB, c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 transcription factors, and the phosphorylation of the p65 and IκBα. These results suggest the critical role of VASP in regulating osteoclast differentiation, which should be further explored in osteosarcoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Traumatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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13
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Dsouza VL, Adiga D, Sriharikrishnaa S, Suresh PS, Chatterjee A, Kabekkodu SP. Small nucleolar RNA and its potential role in breast cancer - A comprehensive review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188501. [PMID: 33400969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small Nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are known for their canonical functions, including ribosome biogenesis and RNA modification. snoRNAs act as endogenous sponges that regulate miRNA expression. Thus, precise snoRNA expression is critical for fine-tuning miRNA expression. snoRNAs processed into miRNA-like sequences play a crucial role in regulating the expression of protein-coding genes similar to that of miRNAs. Recent studies have linked snoRNA deregulation to breast cancer (BC). Inappropriate snoRNA expression contributes to BC pathology by facilitating breast cells to acquire cancer hallmarks. Since snoRNAs show significant differential expression in normal and cancer conditions, measuring snoRNA levels could be useful for BC prognosis and diagnosis. The present article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of snoRNAs in breast cancer pathology. More specifically, we have discussed the regulation, biological function, signaling pathways, and clinical utility of abnormally expressed snoRNAs in BC. Besides, we have also discussed the role of snoRNA host genes in breast tumorigenesis and emerging and future research directions in the field of snoRNA and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venzil Lavie Dsouza
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sriharikrishnaa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmanaban S Suresh
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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14
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Zhang X, Wang L, Li H, Zhang L, Zheng X, Cheng W. Crosstalk between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis: new dawn for overcoming cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:580. [PMID: 32709863 PMCID: PMC7381619 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression including proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance has become a serious hindrance to cancer therapy. This phenomenon mainly derives from the innate insensitive or acquired resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mechanism of programmed cell death characterized by peroxidation of the lipid membrane induced by reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis has been confirmed to eliminate cancer cells in an apoptosis-independent manner, however, the specific regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis is still unknown. The use of ferroptosis for overcoming cancer progression is limited. Noncoding RNAs have been found to play an important roles in cancer. They regulate gene expression to affect biological processes of cancer cells such as proliferation, cell cycle, and cell death. Thus far, the functions of ncRNAs in ferroptosis of cancer cells have been examined, and the specific mechanisms by which noncoding RNAs regulate ferroptosis have been partially discovered. However, there is no summary of ferroptosis associated noncoding RNAs and their functions in different cancer types. In this review, we discuss the roles of ferroptosis-associated noncoding RNAs in detail. Moreover, future work regarding the interaction between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis is proposed, the possible obstacles are predicted and associated solutions are put forward. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis, and provide new insights in targeting noncoding RNAs in ferroptosis associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiulan Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
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