1
|
Nadel G, Maik-Rachline G, Seger R. JNK Cascade-Induced Apoptosis-A Unique Role in GqPCR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13527. [PMID: 37686335 PMCID: PMC10487481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of cells to extracellular signals is mediated by a variety of intracellular signaling pathways that determine stimulus-dependent cell fates. One such pathway is the cJun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) cascade, which is mainly involved in stress-related processes. The cascade transmits its signals via a sequential activation of protein kinases, organized into three to five tiers. Proper regulation is essential for securing a proper cell fate after stimulation, and the mechanisms that regulate this cascade may involve the following: (1) Activatory or inhibitory phosphorylations, which induce or abolish signal transmission. (2) Regulatory dephosphorylation by various phosphatases. (3) Scaffold proteins that bring distinct components of the cascade in close proximity to each other. (4) Dynamic change of subcellular localization of the cascade's components. (5) Degradation of some of the components. In this review, we cover these regulatory mechanisms and emphasize the mechanism by which the JNK cascade transmits apoptotic signals. We also describe the newly discovered PP2A switch, which is an important mechanism for JNK activation that induces apoptosis downstream of the Gq protein coupled receptors. Since the JNK cascade is involved in many cellular processes that determine cell fate, addressing its regulatory mechanisms might reveal new ways to treat JNK-dependent pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rony Seger
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (G.N.); (G.M.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Shi Y, Han R, Liu C, Qin X, Li P, Gu R. Signaling pathways of oxidative stress response: the potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139589. [PMID: 37143652 PMCID: PMC10151477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the top causes of cancer-related death globally. Although novel treatment strategies have been developed, attempts to eradicate gastric cancer have been proven insufficient. Oxidative stress is continually produced and continually present in the human body. Increasing evidences show that oxidative stress contributes significantly to the development of gastric cancer, either through initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer cells or causing cell death. As a result, the purpose of this article is to review the role of oxidative stress response and the subsequent signaling pathways as well as potential oxidative stress-related therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. Understanding the pathophysiology of gastric cancer and developing new therapies for gastric cancer depends on more researches focusing on the potential contributors to oxidative stress and gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoge Liu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial - Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaogang Qin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Pengfei Li, ; Xiaogang Qin,
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Pengfei Li, ; Xiaogang Qin,
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Pengfei Li, ; Xiaogang Qin,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dixit P, Suratkal SS, Kokate SB, Chakraborty D, Poirah I, Samal S, Rout N, Singh SP, Sarkar A, Bhattacharyya A. Siah2-GRP78 interaction regulates ROS and provides a proliferative advantage to Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:414. [PMID: 35816252 PMCID: PMC11072387 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis involves upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah2 and its phosphorylation-mediated stabilization. This study elucidates a novel mechanism of oxidative stress regulation by phosphorylated Siah2 in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cancer cells (GECs). We identify that H. pylori-mediated Siah2 phosphorylation at the 6th serine residue (P-S6-Siah2) enhances proteasomal degradation of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) possessing antioxidant functions. S6 phosphorylation stabilizes Siah2 and P-S6-Siah2 potentiates H. pylori-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, infected S6A phospho-null Siah2-expressing cells have decreased cellular GRP78 level as surprisingly these cells release GRP78 to a higher extent and accumulate significantly higher ROS than the wild type (WT) Siah2 construct-expressing cells. Ectopic expression of GRP78 prevents the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ROS accumulation caused by H. pylori. H. pylori-induced mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial membrane potential loss are potentiated in Siah2-overexpressing cells but these effects are further enhanced in S6A-expressing cells. This study also confirms that while phosphorylation-mediated Siah2 stabilization optimally upregulates aggresome accumulation, it suppresses autophagosome formation, thus decreasing the dependency on the latter mechanism in regulating cellular protein abundance. Disruption of the phospho-Siah2-mediated aggresome formation impairs proliferation of infected GECs. Thus, Siah2 phosphorylation has diagnostic and therapeutic significance in H. pylori-mediated gastric cancer (GC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragyesh Dixit
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Swathi Shivaram Suratkal
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Shrikant Babanrao Kokate
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Debashish Chakraborty
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Indrajit Poirah
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Supriya Samal
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Department of Pathology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Shivaram P Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
CTK7A, a curcumin derivative, can be a potential candidate for targeting HIF-1α/p300 complex: Evidences from in vitro and computational studies. Biophys Chem 2022; 287:106828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Basundra R, Kapoor S, Hollville E, Kiapour N, Beltran Lopez A, Marie Melchiorre N, Deshmukh M. Constitutive High Expression of NOXA Sensitizes Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Rapid Cell Death. Stem Cells 2022; 40:49-58. [PMID: 35511861 PMCID: PMC9199843 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are highly sensitive to apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage, which allows for the rapid elimination of mutated cells during development. However, the mechanisms that maintain hES cells in the primed apoptotic state are not completely known. Key activators of apoptosis, the BH3-only proteins, are present at low levels in most cell types. In contrast, hES cells have constitutive high levels of the BH3-only protein, NOXA. We examined the importance of NOXA for enabling apoptosis in hES cells. hES cells deleted for NOXA showed remarkable protection against multiple apoptotic stimuli. NOXA was constitutively localized to the mitochondria, where it interacted with MCL1. Strikingly, inhibition of MCL1 in NOXA knockout cells was sufficient to sensitize these cells to DNA damage-induced cell death. Our study demonstrates that an essential function of constitutive high levels of NOXA in hES cells is to effectively antagonize MCL1 to permit rapid apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Basundra
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sahil Kapoor
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emilie Hollville
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nazanin Kiapour
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adriana Beltran Lopez
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prashar A, Capurro MI, Jones NL. Under the Radar: Strategies Used by Helicobacter pylori to Evade Host Responses. Annu Rev Physiol 2021; 84:485-506. [PMID: 34672717 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The body depends on its physical barriers and innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against the constant assault of potentially harmful microbes. In turn, successful pathogens have evolved unique mechanisms to adapt to the host environment and manipulate host defenses. Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a human gastric pathogen that is acquired in childhood and persists throughout life, is an example of a bacterium that is very successful at remodeling the host-pathogen interface to promote a long-term persistent infection. Using a combination of secreted virulence factors, immune subversion, and manipulation of cellular mechanisms, Hp can colonize and persist in the hostile environment of the human stomach. Here, we review the most recent and relevant information regarding how this successful pathogen overcomes gastric epithelial host defense responses to facilitate its own survival and establish a chronic infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Prashar
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Mariana I Capurro
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Nicola L Jones
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dixit P, Kokate SB, Poirah I, Chakraborty D, Smoot DT, Ashktorab H, Rout N, Singh SP, Bhattacharyya A. Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer is orchestrated by MRCKβ-mediated Siah2 phosphorylation. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:12. [PMID: 33536006 PMCID: PMC7856738 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis is initiated by a plethora of signaling events in the infected gastric epithelial cells (GECs). The E3 ubiquitin ligase seven in absentia homolog 2 (Siah2) is induced in GECs in response to H. pylori infection. Posttranslational modifications of Siah2 orchestrate its function as well as stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate Siah2 phosphorylation status under the influence of H. pylori infection and its impact in gastric cancer progression. METHODS H. pylori-infected various GECs, gastric tissues from H. pylori-infected GC patients and H. felis-infected C57BL/6 mice were evaluated for Siah2 phosphorylation by western blotting or immunofluorescence microscopy. Coimmunoprecipitation assay followed by mass spectrometry were performed to identify the kinases interacting with Siah2. Phosphorylation sites of Siah2 were identified by using various plasmid constructs generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 was used to investigate proteasome degradation events. The importance of Siah2 phosphorylation on tumorigenicity of infected cells were detected by using phosphorylation-null mutant and wild type Siah2 stably-transfected cells followed by clonogenicity assay, cell proliferation assay, anchorage-independent growth and transwell invasion assay. RESULTS Siah2 was phosphorylated in H. pylori-infected GECs as well as in metastatic GC tissues at residues serine6 (Ser6) and threonine279 (Thr279). Phosphorylation of Siah2 was mediated by MRCKβ, a Ser/Thr protein kinase. MRCKβ was consistently expressed in uninfected GECs and noncancer gastric tissues but its level decreased in infected GECs as well as in metastatic tissues which had enhanced Siah2 expression. Infected murine gastric tissues showed similar results. MRCKβ could phosphorylate Siah2 but itself got ubiquitinated from this interaction leading to the proteasomal degradation of MRCKβ and use of proteasomal inhibitor MG132 could rescue MRCKβ from Siah2-mediated degradation. Ser6 and Thr279 phosphorylated-Siah2 was more stable and tumorigenic than its non-phosphorylated counterpart as revealed by the proliferation, invasion, migration abilities and anchorage-independent growth of stable-transfected cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased level of Ser6 and Thr279-phosphorylated-Siah2 and downregulated MRCKβ were prominent histological characteristics of Helicobacter-infected gastric epithelium and metastatic human GC. MRCKβ-dependent Siah2 phosphorylation stabilized Siah2 which promoted anchorage-independent survival and proliferative potential of GECs. Phospho-null mutants of Siah2 (S6A and T279A) showed abated tumorigenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragyesh Dixit
- grid.419643.d0000 0004 1764 227XSchool of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Khurda, 752050 Odisha India
| | - Shrikant B. Kokate
- grid.419643.d0000 0004 1764 227XSchool of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Khurda, 752050 Odisha India ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Present Address: Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 0014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Indrajit Poirah
- grid.419643.d0000 0004 1764 227XSchool of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Khurda, 752050 Odisha India
| | - Debashish Chakraborty
- grid.419643.d0000 0004 1764 227XSchool of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Khurda, 752050 Odisha India
| | - Duane T. Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- grid.257127.40000 0001 0547 4545Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060 USA
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Department of Pathology, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, 753007 Odisha India
| | - Shivaram P. Singh
- grid.415328.90000 0004 1767 2428Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, 753007 Odisha India
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nayak A, Kumar S, Singh SP, Bhattacharyya A, Dixit A, Roychowdhury A. Oncogenic potential of ATAD2 in stomach cancer and insights into the protein-protein interactions at its AAA + ATPase domain and bromodomain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:5606-5622. [PMID: 33438526 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1871959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ATAD2 has recently been shown to promote stomach cancer. However, nothing is known about the functional network of ATAD2 in stomach carcinogenesis. This study illustrates the oncogenic potential of ATAD2 and the participation of its ATPase and bromodomain in stomach malignancy. Expression of ATAD2 in stomach cancer is analyzed by in silico and in vitro techniques including western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy of stomach cancer cells (SCCs) and tissues. The oncogenic potential of ATAD2 is examined thoroughly using genetic alterations, driver gene prediction, survival analysis, identification of interacting partners, and analysis of canonical pathways. To understand the protein-protein interactions (PPI) at residue level, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (1200 ns) are performed. Enhanced expression of ATAD2 is observed in H. pylori-infected SCCs, patient biopsy tissues, and all stages and grades of stomach cancer. High expression of ATAD2 is found to be negatively correlated with the survival of stomach cancer patients. ATAD2 is a cancer driver gene with 37 mutational sites and a predictable factor for stomach cancer prognosis with high accuracy. The top canonical pathways of ATAD2 indicate its participation in stomach malignancy. The ATAD2-PPI in stomach cancer identify top-ranked partners; ESR1, SUMO2, SPTN2, and MYC show preference for the bromodomain whereas NCOA3 and HDA11 have preference for the ATPase domain of ATAD2. The oncogenic characterization of ATAD2 provides strong evidence to consider ATAD2 as a stomach cancer biomarker. These studies offer an insight for the first time into the ATAD2-PPI interface presenting a novel target for cancer therapeutics. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Nayak
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sugandh Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Khurda, Odisha, India
| | | | - Anasuya Roychowdhury
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hong BY, Sobue T, Choquette L, Dupuy AK, Thompson A, Burleson JA, Salner AL, Schauer PK, Joshi P, Fox E, Shin DG, Weinstock GM, Strausbaugh LD, Dongari-Bagtzoglou A, Peterson DE, Diaz PI. Chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is associated with detrimental bacterial dysbiosis. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:66. [PMID: 31018870 PMCID: PMC6482518 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal mucosal injury (mucositis), commonly affecting the oral cavity, is a clinically significant yet incompletely understood complication of cancer chemotherapy. Although antineoplastic cytotoxicity constitutes the primary injury trigger, the interaction of oral microbial commensals with mucosal tissues could modify the response. It is not clear, however, whether chemotherapy and its associated treatments affect oral microbial communities disrupting the homeostatic balance between resident microorganisms and the adjacent mucosa and if such alterations are associated with mucositis. To gain knowledge on the pathophysiology of oral mucositis, 49 subjects receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or doxorubicin-based chemotherapy were evaluated longitudinally during one cycle, assessing clinical outcomes, bacterial and fungal oral microbiome changes, and epithelial transcriptome responses. As a control for microbiome stability, 30 non-cancer subjects were longitudinally assessed. Through complementary in vitro assays, we also evaluated the antibacterial potential of 5-FU on oral microorganisms and the interaction of commensals with oral epithelial tissues. RESULTS Oral mucositis severity was associated with 5-FU, increased salivary flow, and higher oral granulocyte counts. The oral bacteriome was disrupted during chemotherapy and while antibiotic and acid inhibitor intake contributed to these changes, bacteriome disruptions were also correlated with antineoplastics and independently and strongly associated with oral mucositis severity. Mucositis-associated bacteriome shifts included depletion of common health-associated commensals from the genera Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Gemella, Granulicatella, and Veillonella and enrichment of Gram-negative bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella oris. Shifts could not be explained by a direct antibacterial effect of 5-FU, but rather resembled the inflammation-associated dysbiotic shifts seen in other oral conditions. Epithelial transcriptional responses during chemotherapy included upregulation of genes involved in innate immunity and apoptosis. Using a multilayer epithelial construct, we show mucositis-associated dysbiotic shifts may contribute to aggravate mucosal damage since the mucositis-depleted Streptococcus salivarius was tolerated as a commensal, while the mucositis-enriched F. nucleatum displayed pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic capacity. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our work reveals that chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis is associated with bacterial dysbiosis and demonstrates the potential for dysbiotic shifts to aggravate antineoplastic-induced epithelial injury. These findings suggest that control of oral bacterial dysbiosis could represent a novel preventive approach to ameliorate oral mucositis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Hong
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Takanori Sobue
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Linda Choquette
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Amanda K Dupuy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Angela Thompson
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Joseph A Burleson
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Pujan Joshi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Evan Fox
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Dong-Guk Shin
- Department of Computer Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Linda D Strausbaugh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Douglas E Peterson
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kokate SB, Dixit P, Poirah I, Roy AD, Chakraborty D, Rout N, Singh SP, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Bhattacharyya A. Testin and filamin-C downregulation by acetylated Siah2 increases invasiveness of Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 103:14-24. [PMID: 30063986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk-factor for gastric cancer. However, its role in gastric cancer metastasis remains unclear. Previously we have reported that H. pylori promotes gastric cancer invasiveness by stabilizing the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah2 which is mediated by Siah2 acetylation at Lys 139 (K139) residue. Here we identify that cell adhesion-related proteins testin (TES) and filamin-C (FLN-C) interact with Siah2 and get proteasomally degraded. The efficiency of TES and FLN-C degradation is significantly potentiated by K139-acetylated Siah2 (ac-K139 Siah2) in infected gastric cancer cells (GCCs). ac-Siah2-mediated downregulation of TES and FLN-C disrupts filopodia structures but promotes lamellipodia formation and enhances invasiveness and migration of infected GCCs. Since H. felis-infected mice as well as human gastric cancer biopsy samples also show high level of ac-K139 Siah2 and downregulated TES and FLN-C, we believe that acetylation of Siah2 is an important checkpoint that can be useful for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Babanrao Kokate
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Pragyesh Dixit
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Indrajit Poirah
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Arjama Dhar Roy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Debashish Chakraborty
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Department of Oncopathology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack 753007, Odisha, India
| | | | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kokate SB, Dixit P, Das L, Rath S, Roy AD, Poirah I, Chakraborty D, Rout N, Singh SP, Bhattacharyya A. Acetylation-mediated Siah2 stabilization enhances PHD3 degradation in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cancer cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:5378-5389. [PMID: 29688807 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701344rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori acquire highly invasive and metastatic characteristics. The seven in absentia homolog (Siah)2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is one of the major proteins that induces invasiveness of infected gastric epithelial cells. We find that p300-driven acetylation of Siah2 at lysine 139 residue stabilizes the molecule in infected cells, thereby substantially increasing its efficiency to degrade prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)3 in the gastric epithelium. This enhances the accumulation of an oncogenic transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) in H. pylori-infected gastric cancer cells in normoxic condition and promotes invasiveness of infected cells. Increased acetylation of Siah2, Hif1α accumulation, and the absence of PHD3 in the infected human gastric metastatic cancer biopsy samples and in invasive murine gastric cancer tissues further confirm that the acetylated Siah2 (ac-Siah2)-Hif1α axis is crucial in promoting gastric cancer invasiveness. This study establishes the importance of a previously unrecognized function of ac-Siah2 in regulating invasiveness of H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.-Kokate, S. B., Dixit, P., Das, L., Rath, S., Roy, A. D., Poirah, I., Chakraborty, D., Rout, N., Singh, S. P., Bhattacharyya, A. Acetylation-mediated Siah2 stabilization enhances PHD3 degradation in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Babanrao Kokate
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Pragyesh Dixit
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Lopamudra Das
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Suvasmita Rath
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Arjama Dhar Roy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Indrajit Poirah
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Debashish Chakraborty
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Department of Oncopathology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Odisha, India
| | - Shivaram Prasad Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Odisha, India
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Backert S, Haas R, Gerhard M, Naumann M. The Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System Encoded by the cag Pathogenicity Island: Architecture, Function, and Signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75241-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
13
|
Al-Maleki AR, Loke MF, Lui SY, Ramli NSK, Khosravi Y, Ng CG, Venkatraman G, Goh KL, Ho B, Vadivelu J. Helicobacter pylori outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) suppresses apoptosis of AGS gastric cells in vitro. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28776327 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) is an important virulence factor associated with gastric cancer and ulcer development; however, the results have not been well established and turned out to be controversial. This study aims to elucidate the role of OipA in Helicobacter pylori infection using clinical strains harbouring oipA "on" and "off" motifs. Proteomics analysis was performed on AGS cell pre-infection and postinfection with H. pylori oipA "on" and "off" strains, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. AGS apoptosis and cell cycle assays were performed. Moreover, expression of vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) was screened using Western blotting. AGS proteins that have been suggested previously to play a role or associated with gastric disease were down-regulated postinfection with oipA "off" strains comparing to oipA "on" strains. Furthermore, oipA "off" and ΔoipA cause higher level of AGS cells apoptosis and G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest than oipA "on" strains. Interestingly, deletion of oipA increased bacterial VacA production. The capability of H. pylori to induce apoptosis and suppress expression of proteins having roles in human disease in the absence of oipA suggests that strains not expressing OipA may be less virulent or may even be protective against carcinogenesis compared those expressing OipA. This potentially explains the higher incidence of gastric cancer in East Asia where oipA "on" strains predominates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Rageh Al-Maleki
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sook Yin Lui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Siti Khadijah Ramli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yalda Khosravi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chow Goon Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopinath Venkatraman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bow Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Precision Medicine Centre Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Membrane-bound β-catenin degradation is enhanced by ETS2-mediated Siah1 induction in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e327. [PMID: 28481365 PMCID: PMC5523059 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin has two different cellular functions: intercellular adhesion and transcriptional activity. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1 causes ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the cytosolic β-catenin and therefore, impairs nuclear translocation and oncogenic function of β-catenin. However, the effect of Siah1 on the cell membrane bound β-catenin has not been studied. In this study, we identified that the carcinogenic bacterium H. pylori increased ETS2 transcription factor-mediated Siah1 protein expression in gastric cancer cells (GCCs) MKN45, AGS and Kato III. Siah1 protein level was also noticeably higher in gastric adenocarcinoma biopsy samples as compared to non-cancerous gastric epithelia. Siah1 knockdown significantly decreased invasiveness and migration of H. pylori-infected GCCs. Although, Siah1 could not increase degradation of the cytosolic β-catenin and its nuclear translocation, it enhanced degradation of the membrane-bound β-catenin in the infected GCCs. This loss of membrane-bound pool of β-catenin was not associated with the proteasomal degradation of E-cadherin. Thus, this work delineated the role of Siah1 in increasing invasiveness of H. pylori-infected GCCs.
Collapse
|
15
|
Singh S, Jha HC. Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection with Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2017; 2017:3456264. [PMID: 28421114 PMCID: PMC5379099 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3456264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus whose primary infection causes mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, autoimmune diseases, and gastric cancer (GC). The persistent infection causes malignancies in lymph and epithelial cells. Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis in human with chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to be the cause of genomic instability. About 45%-word population have a probability of having both pathogens, namely, H. pylori and EBV. Approximately 180 per hundred thousand population is developing GC along with many gastric abnormalities. This makes GC the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although lots of research are carried out individually for EBV and H. pylori, still there are very few reports available on coinfection of both pathogens. Recent studies suggested that EBV and H. pylori coinfection increases the occurrence of GC as well as the early age of GC detection comparing to individual infection. The aim of this review is to present status on coinfection of both pathogens and their association with GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Singh
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rath S, Das L, Kokate SB, Ghosh N, Dixit P, Rout N, Singh SP, Chattopadhyay S, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Swamy MM, Kundu TK, Crowe SE, Bhattacharyya A. Inhibition of histone/lysine acetyltransferase activity kills CoCl 2-treated and hypoxia-exposed gastric cancer cells and reduces their invasiveness. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 82:28-40. [PMID: 27890795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia enhances immortality and metastatic properties of solid tumors. Deregulation of histone acetylation has been associated with several metastatic cancers but its effect on hypoxic responses of cancer cells is not known. This study aimed at understanding the effectiveness of the hydrazinocurcumin, CTK7A, an inhibitor of p300 lysine/histone acetyltransferase (KAT/HAT) activity, in inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cells (GCCs) exposed to cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a hypoxia-mimetic chemical, or 1% O2. Here, we show that CTK7A-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in CoCl2-exposed and invasive gastric cancer cells (GCCs) leads to p38 MAPK-mediated Noxa expression and thereafter, mitochondrial apoptotic events. Noxa induction in normal immortalized gastric epithelial cells after CTK7A and hypoxia-exposure is remarkably less in comparison to similarly-treated GCCs. Moreover, hypoxia-exposed GCCs, which have acquired invasive properties, become apoptotic after CTK7A treatment to a significantly higher extent than normoxic cells. Thus, we show the potential of CTK7A in sensitizing hypoxic and metastatic GCCs to apoptosis induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvasmita Rath
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Lopamudra Das
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Shrikant Babanrao Kokate
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Nilabh Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Pragyesh Dixit
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Oncopathology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack, 753007, Odisha, India
| | - Shivaram P Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, 753007, Odisha, India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Mahadeva M Swamy
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, JNCASR, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, JNCASR, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheila E Crowe
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang T, Zhou F, Wang-Johanning F, Nan K, Wei Y. Depression accelerates the development of gastric cancer through reactive oxygen species‑activated ABL1 (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2435-2443. [PMID: 27666407 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common symptom among gastric cancer (GC) patients and serves as a potential indication of poor prognosis and advanced cancer clinical stage. However, the molecular mechanism of depression‑associated poor prognoses of GC patients remains unclear. Recent studies have revealed that GC patients with depression are under high levels of oxidative stress (OS) status that is accompanied by the dysfunction of numerous proto‑oncogenes, including the ABL proto‑oncogene 1 (ABL1), which is a non‑receptor tyrosine kinase. Recent evidence indicates that ABL1 was dysregulated in both major depressive disorder (MDD) and cancer patients with depression, and high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to the activation of ABL1 in response to OS and that activated ABL1 subsequently contributes to development of GC via interactions with the downstream targets and corresponding signaling pathways. In this review, we examine the evidence to illuminate the molecular mechanism of ABL1 in the progression of GC patients with depression and identify out new and effective methods for the initial and long‑term treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhe Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | | | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang T, Wang-Johanning F, Zhou F, Kallon H, Wei Y. MicroRNAs serve as a bridge between oxidative stress and gastric cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1791-1800. [PMID: 27633118 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide and affects human health due to its high morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms underlying occurrence and development of GC have been widely studied. Studies have revealed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cells under oxidative stress (OS) are involved in gastric tumorigenesis, and modulate expression of microRNAs (miRs). As such, miRs have been shown to be associated with OS-related GC. Given the association of OS and miRs in development of GC, this review aims to summarize the relationship between miRs and OS and their role in GC development. Serving as a link between OS and GC, miRs may offer new approaches for gaining a more in-depth understanding of mechanisms of GC and may lead to the identification of new therapeutic approaches against GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhe Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | | | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Herbert Kallon
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is estimated to infect more than half of the worlds human population and represents a major risk factor for chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, MALT lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori infection and clinical consequences are controlled by highly complex interactions between the host, colonizing bacteria, and environmental parameters. Important bacterial determinants linked with gastric disease development include the cag pathogenicity island encoding a type IV secretion system (T4SS), the translocated effector protein CagA, vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, adhesin BabA, urease, serine protease HtrA, secreted outer membrane vesicles, and many others. The high quantity of these factors and allelic changes in the corresponding genes reveals a sophisticated picture and problems in evaluating the impact of each distinct component. Extensive work has been performed to pinpoint molecular processes related to H. pylori-triggered pathogenesis using Mongolian gerbils, mice, primary tissues, as well as novel in vitro model systems such as gastroids. The manipulation of host signaling cascades by the bacterium appears to be crucial for inducing pathogenic downstream activities and gastric disease progression. Here, we review the most recent advances in this important research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Neddermann
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunter Maubach
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
JNK Signaling: Regulation and Functions Based on Complex Protein-Protein Partnerships. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:793-835. [PMID: 27466283 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00043-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress insults. JNKs also regulate important physiological processes, including neuronal functions, immunological actions, and embryonic development, via their impact on gene expression, cytoskeletal protein dynamics, and cell death/survival pathways. Although the JNK pathway has been under study for >20 years, its complexity is still perplexing, with multiple protein partners of JNKs underlying the diversity of actions. Here we review the current knowledge of JNK structure and isoforms as well as the partnerships of JNKs with a range of intracellular proteins. Many of these proteins are direct substrates of the JNKs. We analyzed almost 100 of these target proteins in detail within a framework of their classification based on their regulation by JNKs. Examples of these JNK substrates include a diverse assortment of nuclear transcription factors (Jun, ATF2, Myc, Elk1), cytoplasmic proteins involved in cytoskeleton regulation (DCX, Tau, WDR62) or vesicular transport (JIP1, JIP3), cell membrane receptors (BMPR2), and mitochondrial proteins (Mcl1, Bim). In addition, because upstream signaling components impact JNK activity, we critically assessed the involvement of signaling scaffolds and the roles of feedback mechanisms in the JNK pathway. Despite a clarification of many regulatory events in JNK-dependent signaling during the past decade, many other structural and mechanistic insights are just beginning to be revealed. These advances open new opportunities to understand the role of JNK signaling in diverse physiological and pathophysiological states.
Collapse
|
21
|
ETS2 and Twist1 promote invasiveness of Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer cells by inducing Siah2. Biochem J 2016; 473:1629-40. [PMID: 27048589 PMCID: PMC4888467 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
H. pylori induce ETS2 and Twist1 expression in the infected GCC. ETS2 and Twist1 transcriptionally activate siah2 in the H. pylori-infected GCCs. H. pylori-mediated Siah2 induction enhances motility and invasiveness of the infected GCCs.
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most potent factors leading to gastric carcinogenesis. The seven in absentia homologue (Siah2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase which has been implicated in various cancers but its role in H. pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis has not been established. We investigated the involvement of Siah2 in gastric cancer metastasis which was assessed by invasiveness and migration of H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cancer cells. Cultured gastric cancer cells (GCCs) MKN45, AGS and Kato III showed significantly induced expression of Siah2, increased invasiveness and migration after being challenged with the pathogen. Siah2-expressing stable cells showed increased invasiveness and migration after H. pylori infection. Siah2 was transcriptionally activated by E26 transformation-specific sequence 2 (ETS2)- and Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1) induced in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. These transcription factors dose-dependently enhanced the aggressiveness of infected GCCs. Our data suggested that H. pylori-infected GCCs gained cell motility and invasiveness through Siah2 induction. As gastric cancer biopsy samples also showed highly induced expression of ETS2, Twist1 and Siah2 compared with noncancerous gastric tissue, we surmise that ETS2- and Twist1-mediated Siah2 up-regulation has potential diagnostic and prognostic significance and could be targeted for therapeutic purpose.
Collapse
|
22
|
Karim CB, Espinoza-Fonseca LM, James ZM, Hanse EA, Gaynes JS, Thomas DD, Kelekar A. Structural Mechanism for Regulation of Bcl-2 protein Noxa by phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14557. [PMID: 26411306 PMCID: PMC4585961 DOI: 10.1038/srep14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that phosphorylation of Noxa, a 54-residue Bcl-2 protein, at serine 13 (Ser13) inhibited its ability to promote apoptosis through interactions with canonical binding partner, Mcl-1. Using EPR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding assays, we offer evidence that a structural alteration caused by phosphorylation partially masks Noxa’s BH3 domain, inhibiting the Noxa-Mcl-1 interaction. EPR of unphosphorylated Noxa, with spin-labeled amino acid TOAC incorporated within the BH3 domain, revealed equilibrium between ordered and dynamically disordered states. Mcl-1 further restricted the ordered component for non-phosphorylated Noxa, but left the pSer13 Noxa profile unchanged. Microsecond MD simulations indicated that the BH3 domain of unphosphorylated Noxa is housed within a flexible loop connecting two antiparallel β-sheets, flanked by disordered N- and C-termini and Ser13 phosphorylation creates a network of salt-bridges that facilitate the interaction between the N-terminus and the BH3 domain. EPR showed that a spin label inserted near the N-terminus was weakly immobilized in unphosphorylated Noxa, consistent with a solvent-exposed helix/loop, but strongly constrained in pSer13 Noxa, indicating a more ordered peptide backbone, as predicted by MD simulations. Together these studies reveal a novel mechanism by which phosphorylation of a distal serine inhibits a pro-apoptotic BH3 domain and promotes cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Karim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - L Michel Espinoza-Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Zachary M James
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Eric A Hanse
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jeffrey S Gaynes
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ameeta Kelekar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|