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Lin Z, Li Z, Ji S, Lo HS, Billah B, Sharmin A, Han X, Lui WY, Tse WKF, Fang JKH, Zhang C, Shang X, Lai KP, Li L. Size-dependent deleterious effects of nano- and microplastics on sperm motility. Toxicology 2024; 506:153834. [PMID: 38763425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growing concerns regarding the reproductive toxicity associated with daily life exposure to micro-/nano-plastics (abbreviated as MNPs) have become increasingly prevalent. In reality, MNPs exposure involves a heterogeneous mixture of MNPs of different sizes rather than a single size. METHODS In this study, an oral exposure mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of MNPs of four size ranges: 25-30 nm, 1-5 µm, 20-27 µm, and 125-150 µm. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were administered environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.1 mg MNPs/day for 21 days. After that, open field test and computer assisted sperm assessment (CASA) were conducted. Immunohistochemical analyses of organ and cell type localization of MNPs were evaluated. Testicular transcriptome analysis was carried out to understand the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Our result showed that MNPs of different size ranges all impaired sperm motility, with a decrease in progressive sperm motility, linearity and straight-line velocity of sperm movement. Alterations did not manifest in animal locomotion, body weight, or sperm count. Noteworthy effects were most pronounced in the smaller MNPs size ranges (25-30 nm and 1-5 µm). Linear regression analysis substantiated a negative correlation between the size of MNPs and sperm curvilinear activity. Immunohistochemical analysis unveiled the intrusions of 1-5 µm MNPs, but not 20-27 µm and 125-150 µm MNPs, into Leydig cells and testicular macrophages. Further testicular transcriptomic analysis revealed perturbations in pathways related to spermatogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Particularly within the 1-5 µm MNPs group, a heightened perturbation in pathways linked to spermatogenesis and oxidative stress was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the size-dependent impairment of MNPs on sperm functionality, underscoring the pressing need for apprehensions about and interventions against the escalation of environmental micro-/nano-plastics contamination. This urgency is especially pertinent to small-sized MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Lin
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijie Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuqin Ji
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hoi Shing Lo
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Baki Billah
- Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ayesha Sharmin
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaofang Han
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - James Kar-Hei Fang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chunqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Lei Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Lv S, Huang J, Luo Y, Wen Y, Chen B, Qiu H, Chen H, Yue T, He L, Feng B, Yu Z, Zhao M, Yang Q, He M, Xiao W, Zou X, Gu C, Lu R. Gut microbiota is involved in male reproductive function: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1371667. [PMID: 38765683 PMCID: PMC11099273 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1371667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, ~8%-12% of couples confront infertility issues, male-related issues being accountable for 50%. This review focuses on the influence of gut microbiota and their metabolites on the male reproductive system from five perspectives: sperm quality, testicular structure, sex hormones, sexual behavior, and probiotic supplementation. To improve sperm quality, gut microbiota can secrete metabolites by themselves or regulate host metabolites. Endotoxemia is a key factor in testicular structure damage that causes orchitis and disrupts the blood-testis barrier (BTB). In addition, the gut microbiota can regulate sex hormone levels by participating in the synthesis of sex hormone-related enzymes directly and participating in the enterohepatic circulation of sex hormones, and affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis. They can also activate areas of the brain that control sexual arousal and behavior through metabolites. Probiotic supplementation can improve male reproductive function. Therefore, the gut microbiota may affect male reproductive function and behavior; however, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Lv
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingrong Huang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yadan Luo
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Wen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baoting Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huanxin Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Tianhao Yue
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lvqin He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baochun Feng
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingde Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manli He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zou
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilin Lu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
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3
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Maleki AH, Azar JT, Razi M, Tofighi A. The Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Sertoli-germ Cells Metabolic Interactions in High-fat Diet-induced Obesity Rat Models: Implication on Glucose and Lactate Transport, Igf1, and Igf1R-dependent Pathways. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01533-8. [PMID: 38632221 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to uncover a unique aspect of obesity-related metabolic disorders in the testicles induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and explored the potential mitigating effects of exercise modalities on male fertility. Thirty mature male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control, HFD-sole, moderate-intensity exercise with HFD (HFD+MICT), high-intensity continuous exercise with HFD (HFD+HICT), and high-intensity interval exercise with HFD (HFD+HIIT) groups (n=6/group). Intracytoplasmic carbohydrate (ICC) storage, expression levels of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, MCT-4, Igf1, and Igf1R, and testicular lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were assessed. ICC storage significantly decreased in HFD-sole rats, along with decreased mRNA and protein levels of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, MCT-4, Igf1, and Igf1R. The HFD-sole group exhibited a notable reduction in testicular lactate and LDH levels (p<0.05). Conversely, exercise, particularly HIIT, upregulated ICC storage, expression levels of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, MCT-4, Igf1, and Igf1R, and enhanced testicular lactate and LDH levels. These results confirm that exercise, especially HIIT, has the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of HFD-induced obesity on testicular metabolism and male fertility. The upregulation of metabolite transporters, LDH, lactate levels, Igf1, and Igf1R expression may contribute to maintaining metabolic interactions and improving the glucose/lactate conversion process. These findings underscore the potential benefits of exercise in preventing and managing obesity-related male fertility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Habibi Maleki
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Tolouei Azar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asghar Tofighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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4
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Cozma D, Siatra P, Bornstein SR, Steenblock C. Sensitivity of the Neuroendocrine Stress Axis in Metabolic Diseases. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:65-77. [PMID: 38171373 DOI: 10.1055/a-2201-6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are prevalent in modern society and have reached pandemic proportions. Metabolic diseases have systemic effects on the body and can lead to changes in the neuroendocrine stress axis, the critical regulator of the body's stress response. These changes may be attributed to rising insulin levels and the release of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue, which affect hormone production by the neuroendocrine stress axis. Chronic stress due to inflammation may exacerbate these effects. The increased sensitivity of the neuroendocrine stress axis may be responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome, providing a possible explanation for the high prevalence of severe comorbidities such as heart disease and stroke associated with metabolic disease. In this review, we address current knowledge of the neuroendocrine stress axis in response to metabolic disease and discuss its role in developing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cozma
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Panagiota Siatra
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Zou Y, Chen X, Tian X, Guo W, Ruan Y, Tang W, Fu K, Ji T. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Developing Testis and Spermatogenesis in Qianbei Ma Goats. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1334. [PMID: 37510239 PMCID: PMC10379175 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive competence in male mammals depends on testicular function. Testicular development and spermatogenesis in goats involve highly complex physiological processes. In this study, six testes were, respectively, obtained from each age group, immature (1 month), sexually mature (6 months) and physically mature (12 months old) Qianbei Ma goats. RNA-Seq was performed to assess testicular mRNA expression in Qianbei Ma goats at different developmental stages. Totally, 18 libraries were constructed to screen genes and pathways involved in testis development and spermatogenesis. Totally, 9724 upregulated and 4153 downregulated DEGs were found between immature (I) and sexually mature (S) samples; 7 upregulated and 3 downregulated DEGs were found between sexually mature (S) and physically mature (P) samples, and about 4% of the DEGs underwent alternative splicing events between I and S. Select genes were assessed by qRT-PCR, corroborating RNA-Seq findings. The detected genes have key roles in multiple developmental stages of goat testicular development and spermatogenesis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO analysis revealed DEGs between S and P contributed to "reproduction process", "channel activity" and "cell periphery part" between I and S, and in "ion transport process", "channel activity" and "transporter complex part". KEGG analysis suggested the involvement of "glycerolipid metabolism", "steroid hormone biosynthesis" and "MAPK signaling pathway" in testis development and spermatogenesis. Genes including IGF1, TGFB1, TGFBR1 and EGFR may control the development of the testis from immature to sexually mature, which might be important candidate genes for the development of goat testis. The current study provides novel insights into goat testicular development and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingzhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kaibin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Taotao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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6
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Desai A, Chen R, Cayetano A, Jayasena CN, Minhas S. Understanding and treating ejaculatory dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus. Andrology 2023; 11:379-398. [PMID: 35933708 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a rapidly rising metabolic disorder with important systemic complications. Global figures have demonstrated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has almost quadrupled from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, with a current prevalence of over 525 million. Of the male sexual dysfunction resulting from diabetes mellitus, significant focus is afforded to erectile dysfunction. Nevertheless, ejaculatory dysfunction constitutes important sexual sequelae in diabetic men, with up to 35%-50% of men with diabetes mellitus suffering from ejaculatory dysfunction. Despite this, aspects of its pathophysiology and treatment are less well understood than erectile dysfunction. The main disorders of ejaculation include premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, anejaculation and retrograde ejaculation. Although ejaculatory dysfunction in diabetes mellitus can have complex multifactorial aetiology, understanding its pathophysiological mechanisms has facilitated the development of therapies in the management of ejaculatory dysfunction. Most of our understanding of its pathophysiology is derived from diabetic animal models; however, observational studies in humans have also provided useful information in elucidating important associative factors potentially contributing to ejaculatory dysfunction in diabetic men. These have provided the potential for more tailored treatment regimens in patients depending on the ejaculatory disorder, other co-existing sequelae of diabetes mellitus, specific metabolic factors as well as the need for fertility treatment. However, evidence for treatment of ejaculatory dysfunction, especially delayed ejaculation and retrograde ejaculation, is based on low-level evidence comprising small sample-size series and retrospective or cross-sectional studies. Whilst promising findings from large randomised controlled trials have provided strong evidence for the licensed treatment of premature ejaculation, similar robust studies are needed to accurately elucidate factors predicting ejaculatory dysfunction in diabetes mellitus, as well as for the development of pharmacotherapies for delayed ejaculation and retrograde ejaculation. Similarly, more contemporary robust data are required for fertility outcomes in these patients, including methods of sperm retrieval and assisted reproductive techniques in retrograde ejaculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Desai
- Department of Andrology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Runzhi Chen
- Department of Andrology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Axel Cayetano
- Department of Andrology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Andrology, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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7
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Transgenic Mouse Models to Study the Development and Maintenance of the Adrenal Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214388. [PMID: 36430866 PMCID: PMC9693478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortex of the adrenal gland is organized into concentric zones that produce distinct steroid hormones essential for body homeostasis in mammals. Mechanisms leading to the development, zonation and maintenance of the adrenal cortex are complex and have been studied since the 1800s. However, the advent of genetic manipulation and transgenic mouse models over the past 30 years has revolutionized our understanding of these mechanisms. This review lists and details the distinct Cre recombinase mouse strains available to study the adrenal cortex, and the remarkable progress total and conditional knockout mouse models have enabled us to make in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the development and maintenance of the adrenal cortex.
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8
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Lin Y, Li J, Wang K, Fang Z, Che L, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Li J, Wu D. Effects of dietary L-leucine supplementation on testicular development and semen quality in boars. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:904653. [PMID: 35909677 PMCID: PMC9334790 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.904653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm and seminal plasma are rich in leucine, and leucine can promote the protein synthesis. This property makes it an interesting amino acid to increase sperm quality of human and livestock spermatogenesis. The goal of this study was to explore the effects of dietary leucine supplementation on testicular development and semen quality in boars from weaning to 10 months of age. 30 pure-bred, weaned Duroc boars (8.0 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly divided into two groups: control group (CON; fed the basal diet) and leucine group (LEU; fed the basal diet supplemented with 1.2% leucine); then, their body weight and testicular volume were recorded every 4 weeks. Testes were collected for histological and genes expression analysis from 150-day-old boars. Semen was collected and analyzed. Amino acids contents of blood plasma, seminal plasma, sperm, and testes were determined. Dietary supplementation with leucine increased the testicular volume and weight of boars, compared with CON. Sperm viability, sperm count per ejaculation, and average curve speed of sperm in leucine-supplemented boars were increased. Furthermore, leucine supplementation increased the blood plasma and seminal plasma leucine concentrations, and enhanced the gene expressions of branch chain amino acid transaminase, protein kinase B, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and cyclinb1 in the testes. Interestingly, the expressions of the p-mTOR and mTOR proteins in the testes were also upregulated. Thus, dietary leucine supplementation increased leucine absorption and utilization in the testes, promoted testicular development, and improved semen quality of boars, partly through the mTOR signaling pathway.
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9
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Differential Expression of Duplicate Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptors ( igf1rs) in Medaka Gonads. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060859. [PMID: 35743889 PMCID: PMC9225247 DOI: 10.3390/life12060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors (igf1rs) play important roles in regulating development, differentiation, and proliferation in diverse organisms. In the present study, subtypes of medaka igf1r, igf1ra, and igf1rb were isolated and characterized. RT-PCR results showed that igf1ra and igf1rb mRNA were expressed in all tissues and throughout embryogenesis. Using real-time PCR, the differential expression of igf1ra and igf1rb mRNA during folliculogenesis was observed. The results of in situ hybridization (ISH) revealed that both of them were expressed in ovarian follicles at different stages, and igf1rb was also expressed in theca cells and granulosa cells. In the testis, both igf1ra and igf1rb mRNA were highly expressed in sperm, while igf1rb mRNA was also obviously detected in spermatogonia. In addition, igf1ra mRNA was also present in Leydig cells in contrast to the distribution of igf1rb mRNA in Sertoli cells. Collectively, we demonstrated that differential igf1rs RNA expression identifies medaka meiotic germ cells and somatic cells of both sexes. These findings highlight the importance of the igf system in the development of fish gonads.
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10
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Adamczewska D, Słowikowska-Hilczer J, Walczak-Jędrzejowska R. The Fate of Leydig Cells in Men with Spermatogenic Failure. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:570. [PMID: 35455061 PMCID: PMC9028943 DOI: 10.3390/life12040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroidogenic cells in the testicle, Leydig cells, located in the interstitial compartment, play a vital role in male reproductive tract development, maintenance of proper spermatogenesis, and overall male reproductive function. Therefore, their dysfunction can lead to all sorts of testicular pathologies. Spermatogenesis failure, manifested as azoospermia, is often associated with defective Leydig cell activity. Spermatogenic failure is the most severe form of male infertility, caused by disorders of the testicular parenchyma or testicular hormone imbalance. This review covers current progress in knowledge on Leydig cells origin, structure, and function, and focuses on recent advances in understanding how Leydig cells contribute to the impairment of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata Walczak-Jędrzejowska
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (D.A.); (J.S.-H.)
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11
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Curley M, Darbey A, O'Donnell L, Kilcoyne KR, Wilson K, Mungall W, Rebourcet D, Guo J, Mitchell RT, Smith LB. Leukemia inhibitory factor-receptor signalling negatively regulates gonadotrophin-stimulated testosterone production in mouse Leydig Cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 544:111556. [PMID: 35031431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Testicular Leydig cells (LCs) are the principal source of circulating testosterone in males. LC steroidogenesis maintains sexual function, fertility and general health, and is influenced by various paracrine factors. The leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) is expressed in the testis and activated by different ligands, including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), produced by peritubular myoid cells. LIF can modulate LC testosterone production in vitro under certain circumstances, but the role of consolidated signalling through LIFR in adult LC function in vivo has not been established. We used a conditional Lifr allele in combination with adenoviral vectors expressing Cre-recombinase to generate an acute model of LC Lifr-KO in the adult mouse testis, and showed that LC Lifr is not required for short term LC survival or basal steroidogenesis. However, LIFR-signalling negatively regulates steroidogenic enzyme expression and maximal gonadotrophin-stimulated testosterone biosynthesis, expanding our understanding of the intricate regulation of LC steroidogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Curley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Annalucia Darbey
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Liza O'Donnell
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Karen R Kilcoyne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Wilson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Will Mungall
- Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, the Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jingtao Guo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, EH91LF, United Kingdom
| | - Lee B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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12
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Qian Y, Berryman DE, Basu R, List EO, Okada S, Young JA, Jensen EA, Bell SRC, Kulkarni P, Duran-Ortiz S, Mora-Criollo P, Mathes SC, Brittain AL, Buchman M, Davis E, Funk KR, Bogart J, Ibarra D, Mendez-Gibson I, Slyby J, Terry J, Kopchick JJ. Mice with gene alterations in the GH and IGF family. Pituitary 2022; 25:1-51. [PMID: 34797529 PMCID: PMC8603657 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of GH's action stems from animal models and the generation and characterization of genetically altered or modified mice. Manipulation of genes in the GH/IGF1 family in animals started in 1982 when the first GH transgenic mice were produced. Since then, multiple laboratories have altered mouse DNA to globally disrupt Gh, Ghr, and other genes upstream or downstream of GH or its receptor. The ability to stay current with the various genetically manipulated mouse lines within the realm of GH/IGF1 research has been daunting. As such, this review attempts to consolidate and summarize the literature related to the initial characterization of many of the known gene-manipulated mice relating to the actions of GH, PRL and IGF1. We have organized the mouse lines by modifications made to constituents of the GH/IGF1 family either upstream or downstream of GHR or to the GHR itself. Available data on the effect of altered gene expression on growth, GH/IGF1 levels, body composition, reproduction, diabetes, metabolism, cancer, and aging are summarized. For the ease of finding this information, key words are highlighted in bold throughout the main text for each mouse line and this information is summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most importantly, the collective data derived from and reported for these mice have enhanced our understanding of GH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jensen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R C Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Patricia Mora-Criollo
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Mat Buchman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kevin R Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jolie Bogart
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Diego Ibarra
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Isaac Mendez-Gibson
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julie Slyby
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Terry
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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13
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Tack LJW, van der Straaten S, Riedl S, Springer A, Holterhus PM, Hornig NC, Kolesinska Z, Niedziela M, Baronio F, Balsamo A, Hannema SE, Nordenström A, Poyrazoglu S, Darendeliler FF, Grinspon R, Rey R, Aljuraibah F, Bryce J, Ahmed F, Tadokoro-Cuccaro R, Hughes I, Guaragna-Filho G, Maciel-Guerra AT, Guerra-Junior G, Cools M. Growth, puberty and testicular function in boys born small for gestational age with a nonspecific disorder of sex development. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:165-174. [PMID: 34668586 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is frequently associated with unexplained disorders of sex development (nonspecific DSD) in boys. Little is known about their future growth, puberty and testicular function. Our objective is to determine the long-term endocrine outcome of boys born SGA who have a nonspecific DSD. DESIGN Boys with a nonspecific DSD born SGA and appropriate for GA (AGA) were retrieved through the International Disorders of Sex Development registry and retrospective data collected, based on a spreadsheet containing 102 items. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS In total, 179 boys were included, of which 115 were born SGA and 64 were born AGA. Their growth and pubertal development were compared. Serum LH, FSH, testosterone, AMH and inhibin B levels in infancy and puberty were analysed to assess testicular function. RESULTS At 2 years of age, 30% of SGA boys had incomplete or absent catch-up growth. Boys born SGA also had higher LH during minipuberty and lower testosterone in stimulation tests (p = 0.037 and 0.040, respectively), as compared to boys born AGA. No differences were observed in timing or course of puberty or end-pubertal hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS Almost one out of three SGA boys with a nonspecific DSD experiences insufficient catch-up growth. In addition, our data suggest dysfunction of infantile Leydig cells or altered regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in SGA boys during childhood. Sex steroid production during puberty seems unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd J W Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Saskia van der Straaten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Riedl
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, St Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Springer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul-Martin Holterhus
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nadine C Hornig
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, UKSH, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zofia Kolesinska
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Niedziela
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Federico Baronio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Rare Endocrine Conditions, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Balsamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Rare Endocrine Conditions, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabine E Hannema
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Nordenström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sukran Poyrazoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma F Darendeliler
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Romina Grinspon
- Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Rey
- Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas 'Dr César Bergadá' (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fahad Aljuraibah
- Royal Hospital for Children, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jillian Bryce
- Royal Hospital for Children, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- Royal Hospital for Children, Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ieuan Hughes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guilherme Guaragna-Filho
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Group for Study of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Maciel-Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Group for Study of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Junior
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Group for Study of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martine Cools
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Service, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Silva RS, Mattoso Miskulin Cardoso AP, Giometti IC, D'Aprile L, Garcia Santos FA, Maruyama AS, Medeiros de Carvalho Sousa LM, Unniappan S, Kowalewski MP, de Carvalho Papa P. Insulin induces steroidogenesis in canine luteal cells via PI3K-MEK-MAPK. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 540:111518. [PMID: 34808277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucose uptake increases in canine luteal cells under insulin treatment. We hypothesize that insulin also increases luteal cell steroidogenesis. Dogs underwent elective ovariohysterectomy from days 10-60 post ovulation and their corpora lutea (CL) and blood samples were collected. Deep RNA sequencing determined differentially expressed genes in CL; those related to insulin signaling and steroidogenesis were validated in vivo by qPCR and their respective proteins by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Next, luteal cell cultures were stimulated with insulin with or without inhibition of MAPK14, MAP2K1 and PI3K. Studied proteins except P450 aromatase showed the same expression pattern of coding genes in vivo. The expression of HSD3B and CYP19A1 was higher in insulin-treated cells (P < 0.005). Following respective pathway blockades, the culture medium had decreased concentrations of progesterone (P4) and 17b-estradiol (E2) (P < 0.01). Our results indicate that insulin increases HSD3B and CYP19A1 expression via MAPK and PI3K, and contributes to the regulation of P4 and E2 production in canine luteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Santos Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; FAMESP, Faculdade Método de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Loren D'Aprile
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaldo Shindi Maruyama
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Depart. of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula de Carvalho Papa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Matsushita M, Fujita K, Hatano K, De Velasco MA, Uemura H, Nonomura N. Connecting the Dots Between the Gut-IGF-1-Prostate Axis: A Role of IGF-1 in Prostate Carcinogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:852382. [PMID: 35370981 PMCID: PMC8965097 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.852382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men worldwide, thus developing effective prevention strategies remain a critical challenge. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is produced mainly in the liver by growth hormone signaling and is necessary for normal physical growth. However, several studies have shown an association between increased levels of circulating IGF-1 and the risk of developing solid malignancies, including PCa. Because the IGF-1 receptor is overexpressed in PCa, IGF-1 can accelerate PCa growth by activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase, or increasing sex hormone sensitivity. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are beneficial gut microbial metabolites, mainly because of their anti-inflammatory effects. However, we have demonstrated that gut microbiota-derived SCFAs increase the production of IGF-1 in the liver and prostate. This promotes the progression of PCa by the activation of IGF-1 receptor downstream signaling. In addition, the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Alistipes, are increased in gut microbiomes of patients with high-grade PCa. IGF-1 production is therefore affected by the gut microbiome, dietary habits, and genetic background, and may play a central role in prostate carcinogenesis. The pro-tumor effects of bacteria and diet-derived metabolites might be potentially countered through dietary regimens and supplements. The specific diets or supplements that are effective are unclear. Further research into the "Gut-IGF-1-Prostate Axis" may help discover optimal diets and nutritional supplements that could be implemented for prevention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazutoshi Fujita,
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Marco A. De Velasco
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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16
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Aging, inflammation and DNA damage in the somatic testicular niche with idiopathic germ cell aplasia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5205. [PMID: 34471128 PMCID: PMC8410861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms associated with human germ cell aplasia in infertile men remain undefined. Here we perform single-cell transcriptome profiling to highlight differentially expressed genes and pathways in each somatic cell type in testes of men with idiopathic germ cell aplasia. We identify immaturity of Leydig cells, chronic tissue inflammation, fibrosis, and senescence phenotype of the somatic cells, as well markers of chronic inflammation in the blood. We find that deregulated expression of parentally imprinted genes in myoid and immature Leydig cells, with relevant changes in the ratio of Lamin A/C transcripts and an active DNA damage response in Leydig and peritubular myoid cells are also indicative of senescence of the testicular niche. This study offers molecular insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic germ cell aplasia. Molecular mechanisms associated with human germ cell aplasia in infertile men remain undefined. Here the authors perform single-cell transcriptome profiling to highlight differentially expressed genes and pathways in each somatic cell type in testes of men with idiopathic germ cell aplasia.
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17
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Mostafa T, Abdel-Hamid IA. Ejaculatory dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:954-974. [PMID: 34326948 PMCID: PMC8311479 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency, in the background of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, or both. Such chronic hyperglycemia is linked to long-term damage to blood vessels, nerves, and various organs. Currently, the worldwide burden of DM and its complications is in increase. Male sexual dysfunction is one of the famous complications of DM, including abnormal orgasmic/ejaculatory functions, desire/libido, and erection. Ejaculatory dysfunction encompasses several disorders related to DM and its complications, such as premature ejaculation, anejaculation (AE), delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation (RE), ejaculatory pain, anesthetic ejaculation, decreased ejaculate volume, and decreased force of ejaculation. The problems linked to ejaculatory dysfunction may extend beyond the poor quality of life in diabetics as both AE and RE are alleged to alter the fertility potential of these patients. However, although both diabetes patients and their physicians are increasingly aware of diabetic ejaculatory dysfunction, this awareness still lags behind that of other diabetes complications. Therefore, all these disorders should be looked for thoroughly during the clinical evaluation of diabetic men. Besides, introducing the suitable option and/or maneuvers to treat these disorders should be tailored according to each case. This review aimed to explore the most important findings regarding ejaculatory dysfunction in diabetes from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology & Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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18
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Rore H, Owen N, Piña-Aguilar RE, Docherty K, Sekido R. Testicular somatic cell-like cells derived from embryonic stem cells induce differentiation of epiblasts into germ cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:802. [PMID: 34183774 PMCID: PMC8239049 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of the testis from pluripotent stem cells is a real challenge, reflecting the complexity of the interaction of germ cells and somatic cells. Here we report the generation of testicular somatic cell-like cells (TesLCs) including Sertoli cell-like cells (SCLCs) from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in xeno-free culture. We find that Nr5a1/SF1 is critical for interaction between SCLCs and PGCLCs. Intriguingly, co-culture of TesLCs with epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs), rather than PGCLCs, results in self-organised aggregates, or testicular organoids. In the organoid, EpiLCs differentiate into PGCLCs or gonocyte-like cells that are enclosed within a seminiferous tubule-like structure composed of SCLCs. Furthermore, conditioned medium prepared from TesLCs has a robust inducible activity to differentiate EpiLCs into PGCLCs. Our results demonstrate conditions for in vitro reconstitution of a testicular environment from ESCs and provide further insights into the generation of sperm entirely in xeno-free culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Rore
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Nicholas Owen
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kevin Docherty
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ryohei Sekido
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
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19
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Radovic Pletikosic SM, Starovlah IM, Miljkovic D, Bajic DM, Capo I, Nef S, Kostic TS, Andric SA. Deficiency in insulin-like growth factors signalling in mouse Leydig cells increase conversion of testosterone to estradiol because of feminization. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13563. [PMID: 32975906 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM A growing body of evidence pointed correlation between insulin-resistance, testosterone level and infertility, but there is scarce information about mechanisms. The aim of this study was to identify the possible mechanism linking the insulin-resistance with testosterone-producing-Leydig-cells functionality. METHODS We applied in vivo and in vitro approaches. The in vivo model of functional genomics is represented by INSR/IGF1R-deficient-testosterone-producing Leydig cells obtained from the prepubertal (P21) and adult (P80) male mice with insulin + IGF1-receptors deletion in steroidogenic cells (Insr/Igf1r-DKO). The in vitro model of INSR/IGF1R-deficient-cell was mimicked by blockade of insulin/IGF1-receptors on the primary culture of P21 and P80 Leydig cells. RESULTS Leydig-cell-specific-insulin-resistance induce the development of estrogenic characteristics of progenitor Leydig cells in prepubertal mice and mature Leydig cells in adult mice, followed with a dramatic reduction of androgen phenotype. Level of androgens in serum, testes and Leydig cells decrease as a consequence of the dramatic reduction of steroidogenic capacity and activity as well as all functional markers of Leydig cell. Oppositely, the markers for female-steroidogenic-cell differentiation and function increase. The physiological significances are the higher level of testosterone-to-estradiol-conversion in double-knock-out-mice of both ages and few spermatozoa in adults. Intriguingly, the transcription of pro-male sexual differentiation markers Sry/Sox9 increased in P21-Leydig-cells, questioning the current view about the antagonistic genetic programs underlying gonadal sex determination. CONCLUSION The results provide new molecular mechanisms leading to the development of the female phenotype in Leydig cells from Insr/Igf1r-DKO mice and could help to better understand the correlation between insulin resistance, testosterone and male (in)fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sava M. Radovic Pletikosic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signalling Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging CeRES DBE Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Isidora M. Starovlah
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signalling Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging CeRES DBE Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Dejan Miljkovic
- Center for Medical‐Pharmaceutical Research and Quality Control Department for Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Dragana M. Bajic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signalling Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging CeRES DBE Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ivan Capo
- Center for Medical‐Pharmaceutical Research and Quality Control Department for Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development Medical Faculty University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Tatjana S. Kostic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signalling Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging CeRES DBE Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Silvana A. Andric
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signalling Laboratory for Chronobiology and Aging CeRES DBE Faculty of Sciences University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
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20
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Talia C, Connolly L, Fowler PA. The insulin-like growth factor system: A target for endocrine disruptors? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106311. [PMID: 33348104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a critical regulator of growth, especially during fetal development, while also playing a central role in metabolic homeostasis. Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are ubiquitous compounds able to interfere with hormone action and impact human health. For example, exposure to EDs is associated with decreased birthweight and increased incidence of metabolic disorders. Therefore, the IGF system is a potential target for endocrine disruption. This review summarises the state of the science regarding effects of exposure to major classes of endocrine disruptors (dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates, perfluoroalkyl substances and bisphenol A) on the IGF system. Evidence from both experimental models (in vitro and in vivo) and epidemiological studies is presented. In addition, possible molecular mechanisms of action and effects on methylation are discussed. There is a large body of evidence supporting the link between dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and IGF disruption, but mixed findings have been reported in human studies. On the other hand, although only a few animal studies have investigated the effects of phthalates on the IGF system, their negative association with IGF levels and methylation status has been more consistently reported in humans. For polybrominated diphenyl ethers, perfluoroalkyl substances and bisphenol A the evidence is still limited. Despite a lack of studies for some ED classes linking ED exposure to changes in IGF levels, and the need for further research to improve reproducibility and determine the degree of risk posed by EDs to the IGF system, this is clearly an area of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Talia
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lisa Connolly
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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21
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Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Velasco M, Larqué C, Escalona R, Hiriart M. Molecular Insulin Actions Are Sexually Dimorphic in Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:690484. [PMID: 34220716 PMCID: PMC8251559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increment in energy-dense food and low physical activity has contributed to the current obesity pandemic, which is more prevalent in women than in men. Insulin is an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. During obesity, nutrient storage capacity is dysregulated due to a reduced insulin action on its target organs, producing insulin resistance, an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue is central in metabolic diseases due to the critical role that this tissue plays in energy homeostasis. We focused on sexual dimorphism on the molecular mechanisms of insulin actions and their relationship with the physiology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue. Until recently, most of the physiological and pharmacological studies were done in males without considering sexual dimorphism, which is relevant. There is ample clinical and epidemiological evidence of its contribution to the establishment and progression of metabolic diseases. Sexual dimorphism is a critical and often overlooked factor that should be considered in design of sex-targeted therapeutic strategies and public health policies to address obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rene Escalona
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcia Hiriart,
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22
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Heinrich A, DeFalco T. Essential roles of interstitial cells in testicular development and function. Andrology 2020; 8:903-914. [PMID: 31444950 PMCID: PMC7036326 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular architecture and sperm production are supported by a complex network of communication between various cell types. These signals ensure fertility by: regulating spermatogonial stem/progenitor cells; promoting steroidogenesis; and driving male-specific differentiation of the gonad. Sertoli cells have long been assumed to be the major cellular player in testis organogenesis and spermatogenesis. However, cells in the interstitial compartment, such as Leydig, vascular, immune, and peritubular cells, also play prominent roles in the testis but are less well understood. OBJECTIVES Here, we aim to outline our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which interstitial cell types contribute to spermatogenesis and testicular development, and how these diverse constituents of the testis play essential roles in ensuring male sexual differentiation and fertility. METHODS We surveyed scientific literature and summarized findings in the field that address how interstitial cells interact with other interstitial cell populations and seminiferous tubules (i.e., Sertoli and germ cells) to support spermatogenesis, male-specific differentiation, and testicular function. These studies focused on 4 major cell types: Leydig cells, vascular cells, immune cells, and peritubular cells. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A growing number of studies have demonstrated that interstitial cells play a wide range of functions in the fetal and adult testis. Leydig cells, through secretion of hormones and growth factors, are responsible for steroidogenesis and progression of spermatogenesis. Vascular, immune, and peritubular cells, apart from their traditionally acknowledged physiological roles, have a broader importance than previously appreciated and are emerging as essential players in stem/progenitor cell biology. CONCLUSION Interstitial cells take part in complex signaling interactions with both interstitial and tubular cell populations, which are required for several biological processes, such as steroidogenesis, Sertoli cell function, spermatogenesis, and immune regulation. These various processes are essential for testicular function and demonstrate how interstitial cells are indispensable for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Heinrich
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7045, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7045, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Suite E-870, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy and lactation affects testicular morphology, the stages of spermatogenic cycle, and the testicular IGF-I system in adult offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:473-483. [PMID: 32340648 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal undernutrition decreases sperm production in male offspring, possibly through insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). To test this hypothesis, we fed pregnant Wistar rats ad libitum with a standard diet (CONTROL) or fed 50% of CONTROL intake, either throughout pregnancy (UNP), lactation (UNL, or both (UNPL). After weaning, male offspring (n = 10 per treatment) were fed a standard diet until postnatal day 160, when testes process for histological and molecular analyses. IGF-I immunostaining area and intensity in the testis were greater (P = 0.003) in the UNPL group compared to CONTROL, but lower in the UNP group (P < 0.0001). Levels of IGF-I receptor transcript were lower in the UNPL and UNL groups, compared to CONTROL. There were more Ki-67-positive germ and Sertoli cells, in all underfed groups than in CONTROL. Compared to CONTROL, frequency of spermatogenic cycle stage VII was lower in all underfed groups, and seminiferous tubule diameter was smaller in UNP and UNPL. Plasma FSH concentrations were greater in UNP male offspring compared to all groups (P = 0.05), whereas inhibin B concentrations were greater in UNP (P = 0.01) and UNL (P = 0.003) than in CONTROL or UNPL. Thus, prenatal undernutrition leads to a decrease in testicular IGF-I levels, whereas of pre- and postnatal undernutrition increased testicular IGF-I levels and decreased amounts of IGF-I receptor mRNA in adult offspring. We conclude that maternal undernutrition during pregnancy and lactation leads to long-lasting effects on adult male offspring testicular morphology, spermatogenesis, and IGF-I testicular system.
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Radovic SM, Starovlah IM, Capo I, Miljkovic D, Nef S, Kostic TS, Andric SA. Insulin/IGF1 signaling regulates the mitochondrial biogenesis markers in steroidogenic cells of prepubertal testis, but not ovary. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:253-267. [PMID: 30084987 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology are required for cell survival and homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, male and female prepubertal mice (P21) with insulin and IGF1 receptors deletions in steroidogenic tissues (Insr/Igf1r-DKO) were used to investigate transcription of the key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a, Ppargc1b, Pparg, Nrf1, Tfam) and architecture in Leydig cells, ovaries, and adrenals. Results showed that the expression of PGC1, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and integrator of environmental signals, and its downstream target Tfam, significantly decreased in androgen-producing Leydig cells. This is followed by reduction of Mtnd1, a mitochondrial DNA encoded transcript whose core subunit belongs to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. The same markers remained unchanged in ovaries. In contrast, in adrenals, the pattern of transcripts for mitochondrial biogenesis markers was the same in both sexes, but opposite from that observed in Leydig cells. The level of transcripts for markers of mitochondrial architecture (Mfn1, Mfn2) significantly increased in Leydig cells from Insr/Igf1r-DKO, but not in ovaries. This was followed by mitochondrial morphology disturbance, suggesting that the mitochondrial phase of steroidogenesis could be affected. Indeed, basal and pregnenolone stimulated progesterone productions in the mitochondria of Leydig cells from Insr/Igf1r-DKO decreased more than androgen production, and were barely detectable. Our results are the first to show that INSR/IGF1R are important for mitochondrial biogenesis in gonadal steroidogenic cells of prepubertal males, but not females and they serve as important regulators of mitochondrial architecture and biogenesis markers in Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sava M Radovic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Isidora M Starovlah
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivan Capo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Miljkovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana S Kostic
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Silvana A Andric
- Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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25
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Neirijnck Y, Papaioannou MD, Nef S. The Insulin/IGF System in Mammalian Sexual Development and Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184440. [PMID: 31505893 PMCID: PMC6770468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent research over the past few decades has clearly established that the insulin-like family of growth factors, which is composed of insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF1) and 2 (IGF2), plays essential roles in sexual development and reproduction of both males and females. Within the male and female reproductive organs, ligands of the family act in an autocrine/paracrine manner, in order to guide different aspects of gonadogenesis, sex determination, sex-specific development or reproductive performance. Although our knowledge has greatly improved over the last years, there are still several facets that remain to be deciphered. In this review, we first briefly outline the principles of sexual development and insulin/IGF signaling, and then present our current knowledge, both in rodents and humans, about the involvement of insulin/IGFs in sexual development and reproductive functions. We conclude by highlighting some interesting remarks and delineating certain unanswered questions that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Neirijnck
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Marilena D Papaioannou
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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26
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Selfe J, Shipley JM. IGF signalling in germ cells and testicular germ cell tumours: roles and therapeutic approaches. Andrology 2019; 7:536-544. [PMID: 31179642 PMCID: PMC6771568 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays key roles in normal tissue growth and development as well as in the progression of several tumour types and their subsequent growth and progression to a metastatic phenotype. This review explores the role of IGF system in normal germ cell development and function in addition to examining the evidence for deregulation of IGF signalling in cancer, with particular relevance to evidence supporting a role in testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs). Despite the clear preclinical rationale for targeting the IGF axis in cancer, there has been a lack of progress in identifying which patients may benefit from such therapy. Future employment of agents targeting the IGF pathway is expected to concentrate on their use in combination with other treatments to prevent resistance and exploit their potential as chemo- and radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J M Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology Team, Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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27
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Regulation of Leydig cell steroidogenesis: intriguing network of signaling pathways and mitochondrial signalosome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shokri S, Ebrahimi SM, Ziaeipour S, Nejatbakhsh R. Effect of insulin on functional parameters of human cryopreserved sperms. Cryobiology 2019; 87:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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29
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Neirijnck Y, Kühne F, Mayère C, Pavlova E, Sararols P, Foti M, Atanassova N, Nef S. Tumor Suppressor PTEN Regulates Negatively Sertoli Cell Proliferation, Testis Size, and Sperm Production In Vivo. Endocrinology 2019; 160:387-398. [PMID: 30576429 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The IGFs are the major intratesticular factors regulating immature Sertoli cell proliferation and are, therefore, critical to establish the magnitude of sperm production. However, the intratesticular source of IGF production and the downstream signaling pathway mediating IGF-dependent Sertoli cell proliferation remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing on mouse embryonic testis revealed a robust expression of Igf1 and Igf2 in interstitial steroidogenic progenitors, suggesting that IGFs exert paracrine actions on immature Sertoli cells. To elucidate the intracellular signaling mechanism that underlies the proliferative effects of IGFs on immature Sertoli cells, we have generated mice with Sertoli cell-specific deletion of the Pten gene, a negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, alone or together with the insulin receptor (Insr) and the IGF1 receptor (Igf1r). Although ablation of Pten appears dispensable for Sertoli cell proliferation and spermatogenesis, inactivation of Pten in the absence of Insr and Igf1r rescued the Sertoli cell proliferation rate during late fetal development, testis size, and sperm production. Overall, these findings suggest that IGFs secreted by interstitial progenitor cells act in a paracrine fashion to promote the proliferation of immature Sertoli cells through the IGF/PTEN/PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Neirijnck
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Kühne
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Mayère
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Pavlova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pauline Sararols
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nina Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Transcriptome analysis of the brain of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, for neuropeptide abundance profiles during ovarian development. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 201:63-70. [PMID: 30594327 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides, important messenger molecules, regulate various physiological processes, such as growth, development, and reproduction. In the present study, cDNA libraries from brains of E. sinensis were constructed and sequenced using the Illumina technique for transcript analysis and neuropeptides discovery. There were 233,887 transcripts assembled for 194,286 unigenes. According to the annotations of NCBI non-redundant protein (NR) database, 2487 (11.31%) unigenes were annotated successfully. In total, 1273 transcripts were assigned to the "signal transduction mechanisms" category using KOG analysis. The results of KEGG indicate signal transduction and translation pathways were the dominant and enriched signal pathways. Additionally, results indicated C2H2 was the main transcription factor (TF) family. Analysis of the assembled transcripts indicated there were 22 neuropeptide transcripts, such as allatostatin, crustacean female sex hormone, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, diuretic hormone 31, and eclosion hormone. The detection of these neuropeptides provide for a basic understanding for future study of functions in development, reproduction, and sexual maturation in crustaceans.
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31
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Kineman RD, del Rio-Moreno M, Sarmento-Cabral A. 40 YEARS of IGF1: Understanding the tissue-specific roles of IGF1/IGF1R in regulating metabolism using the Cre/loxP system. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T187-T198. [PMID: 29743295 PMCID: PMC7721256 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is important in supporting growth and regulating metabolism. The IGF1 found in the circulation is primarily produced by the liver hepatocytes, but healthy mature hepatocytes do not express appreciable levels of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Therefore, the metabolic actions of IGF1 are thought to be mediated via extra-hepatocyte actions. Given the structural and functional homology between IGF1/IGF1R and insulin receptor (INSR) signaling, and the fact that IGF1, IGF1R and INSR are expressed in most tissues of the body, it is difficult to separate out the tissue-specific contributions of IGF1/IGF1R in maintaining whole body metabolic function. To circumvent this problem, over the last 20 years, investigators have taken advantage of the Cre/loxP system to manipulate IGF1/IGF1R in a tissue-dependent, and more recently, an age-dependent fashion. These studies have revealed that IGF1/IGF1R can alter extra-hepatocyte function to regulate hormonal inputs to the liver and/or alter tissue-specific carbohydrate and lipid metabolism to alter nutrient flux to liver, where these actions are not mutually exclusive, but serve to integrate the function of all tissues to support the metabolic needs of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Kineman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,1819 W Polk St. M/C 646 Chicago, IL, 60612
- Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Suite 6215, MP 191, 820 S Damen Ave. Chicago, IL 60612
- Corresponding author: Rhonda D Kineman, . University of Illinois at Chicago, Medicine, 1819 W. Polk St., MC 640, Chicago, IL, USA 60612
| | - Mercedes del Rio-Moreno
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,1819 W Polk St. M/C 646 Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,1819 W Polk St. M/C 646 Chicago, IL, 60612
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