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Volkova YL, Jucht AE, Oechsler N, Krishnankutty R, von Kriegsheim A, Wenger RH, Scholz CC. Selective Hypoxia-Sensitive Oxomer Formation by FIH Prevents Binding of the NF-κB Inhibitor IκBβ to NF-κB Subunits. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:138-148. [PMID: 38644795 PMCID: PMC11110689 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2338727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibitors of cellular hydroxylase oxygen sensors are protective in multiple preclinical in vivo models of inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation are only partly understood, preventing clinical translation. We previously proposed a new mechanism for cellular oxygen sensing: oxygen-dependent, (likely) covalent protein oligomer (oxomer) formation. Here, we report that the oxygen sensor factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) forms an oxomer with the NF-κB inhibitor β (IκBβ). The formation of this protein complex required FIH enzymatic activity and was prevented by pharmacologic inhibitors. Oxomer formation was highly hypoxia-sensitive and very stable. No other member of the IκB protein family formed an oxomer with FIH, demonstrating that FIH-IκBβ oxomer formation was highly selective. In contrast to the known FIH-dependent oxomer formation with the deubiquitinase OTUB1, FIH-IκBβ oxomer formation did not occur via an IκBβ asparagine residue, but depended on the amino acid sequence VAERR contained within a loop between IκBβ ankyrin repeat domains 2 and 3. Oxomer formation prevented IκBβ from binding to its primary interaction partners p65 and c-Rel, subunits of NF-κB, the master regulator of the cellular transcriptional response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. We therefore propose that FIH-mediated oxomer formation with IκBβ contributes to the hypoxia-dependent regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia L. Volkova
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nina Oechsler
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland H. Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten C. Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Gerber L, Resseguier J, Helle-Valle T, Farhat E, Nilsson GE, Lefevre S. Expression of prolyl hydroxylase domains, the upstream regulators of HIF, in the brain of the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp during anoxia-reoxygenation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R184-R195. [PMID: 38145292 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00211.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is considered key in the transcriptional response to low oxygen. Yet, the role of HIF in the absence of oxygen (anoxia) and in preparation for reoxygenation remains unclear. Recent studies suggest that mounting a HIF response may be counterproductive for anoxia survival. We here studied one of the champions of anoxia survival, the crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and hypothesized that expression of prolyl hydroxylase domains (PHDs; the upstream regulators of HIF) are upregulated to circumvent an energy-costly activation of HIF in anoxia and to prepare for reoxygenation. We measured whole brain mRNA and protein levels of the three isoforms PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3, coded for by multiple paralogs of the genes egln2, egln1, and egln3, using quantitative PCR and Western blotting in the brain of crucian carps exposed to 5 days normoxia or anoxia, and 5 days anoxia followed by 3 or 24 h of reoxygenation. The mRNA levels of most egln paralogs were increased in anoxia and upon reoxygenation, with egln3 showing the largest increase in mRNA level (up to 17-fold) and highest relative mRNA abundance (up to 75% of expressed egln). The protein level of all PHDs was maintained in anoxia and increased upon reoxygenation. We then explored PHD distribution in different brain regions and found PHD immunoreactivity to be associated with axonal branches and showing region-specific changes during anoxia-reoxygenation. Our results support an overall upregulation of egln under prolonged anoxia and PHDs upon reoxygenation in crucian carp, likely aimed at suppressing HIF responses, although regional differences are apparent in such a complex organ as the brain.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report a profound upregulation of most egln paralog mRNA levels in anoxia and upon reoxygenation, with egln3ii showing the largest, a 17-fold increase, and highest relative mRNA abundance. The relative abundance of prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins was maintained during anoxia and increased at reoxygenation. PHD immunoreactivity was localized to axonal branches with region-specific changes during anoxia-reoxygenation. These dynamic and regional changes in crucian carp, champion of anoxia tolerance, are most likely adaptive and call for further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gerber
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julien Resseguier
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tellef Helle-Valle
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elie Farhat
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Göran E Nilsson
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sjannie Lefevre
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Zhuang X, Gallo G, Sharma P, Ha J, Magri A, Borrmann H, Harris JM, Tsukuda S, Bentley E, Kirby A, de Neck S, Yang H, Balfe P, Wing PA, Matthews D, Harris AL, Kipar A, Stewart JP, Bailey D, McKeating JA. Hypoxia inducible factors inhibit respiratory syncytial virus infection by modulation of nucleolin expression. iScience 2024; 27:108763. [PMID: 38261926 PMCID: PMC10797196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a global healthcare problem, causing respiratory illness in young children and elderly individuals. Our knowledge of the host pathways that define susceptibility to infection and disease severity are limited. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) define metabolic responses to low oxygen and regulate inflammatory responses in the lower respiratory tract. We demonstrate a role for HIFs to suppress RSV entry and RNA replication. We show that hypoxia and HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors reduce the expression of the RSV entry receptor nucleolin and inhibit viral cell-cell fusion. We identify a HIF regulated microRNA, miR-494, that regulates nucleolin expression. In RSV-infected mice, treatment with the clinically approved HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor, Daprodustat, reduced the level of infectious virus and infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils in the lung. This study highlights a role for HIF-signalling to limit multiple aspects of RSV infection and associated inflammation and informs future therapeutic approaches for this respiratory pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Bentley
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam Kirby
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon de Neck
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongbing Yang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A.C. Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Matthews
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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He J, Jia Z, Zhang A, Bai M. Long-term treatment of chronic kidney disease patients with anemia using hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors: potential concerns. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:37-48. [PMID: 37284874 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) have been approved in several countries as a supplement or even an alternative to the clinical treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Activation of HIF by HIF-PHIs effectively increases hemoglobin (Hb) level in CKD patients by inducing multiple HIF downstream signaling pathways. This indicates that HIF-PHIs have effects beyond erythropoietin, while their potential benefits and risks should be necessarily assessed. Multiple clinical trials have largely demonstrated the efficacy and safety of HIF-PHIs in the short-term treatment of anemia. However, in terms of long-term administration, especially over 1 year, the benefits and risks of HIF-PHIs still need to be assessed. Particular attention should be paid to the risk of kidney disease progression, cardiovascular events, retinal diseases, and tumor risk. This review aims to summarize the current potential risks and benefits of HIF-PHIs in CKD patients with anemia and further discuss the mechanism of action and pharmacological properties of HIF-PHIs, in order to provide direction and theoretical support for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Mi Bai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Volkova YL, Jucht AE, Scholz CC. Oxomer- and Reporter Gene-Based Analysis of FIH Activity in Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2755:249-264. [PMID: 38319583 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3633-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cellular and tissue adaptations to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) are necessary for both normal physiology and disease. Responses to hypoxia are initiated by the cellular oxygen sensors prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) proteins 1-3 and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). These enzymes regulate the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in a hypoxia-sensitive manner. FIH also regulates proteins outside the HIF pathway, including the deubiquitinase OTUB1. Numerous preclinical analyses have demonstrated that treatment with HIF hydroxylase inhibitors is beneficial and protective in many hypoxia-associated diseases. However, clinically available HIF hydroxylase inhibitors increase erythropoietin (EPO) gene expression and red blood cell production, which can be detrimental in hypoxia-associated conditions, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart or chronic inflammation. Our understanding of the relevance of FIH in (patho)physiology is only in its infancy, but FIH activity does not govern erythropoietin expression. Therefore, it is of prime interest to assess the relevance of FIH activity in (patho)physiology in detail, as it may contribute to developing novel therapeutic options for treating hypoxia-associated diseases that do not affect Epo regulation. Here, we describe specific protocols for two different methods to assess FIH enzymatic activity within cells, using a HIF-dependent firefly luciferase-reporter gene and an oxomer-dependent assay. Oxomers are oxygen-dependent stable protein oligomers formed by FIH, for example, with the deubiquitinase OTUB1. Oxomer formation directly depends on FIH activity, providing a suitable cellular readout for an easy-to-use analysis of FIH enzymatic activity in cellulo. These techniques permit an analysis of FIH activity toward HIF and outside the HIF pathway, allowing the investigation of FIH activity under different (patho)physiological conditions and assessment of novel (putative) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia L Volkova
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Faivre A, Dissard R, Kuo W, Verissimo T, Legouis D, Arnoux G, Heckenmeyer C, Fernandez M, Tihy M, Rajaram RD, Delitsikou V, Le NA, Spingler B, Mueller B, Shulz G, Lindenmeyer M, Cohen C, Rutkowski JM, Moll S, Scholz CC, Kurtcuoglu V, de Seigneux S. Evolution of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor asparaginyl hydroxylase regulation in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:2276-2288. [PMID: 37096392 PMCID: PMC10539236 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) during chronic kidney disease (CKD) are much debated. Interventional studies with HIF-α activation in rodents have yielded contradictory results. The HIF pathway is regulated by prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylases. While prolyl hydroxylase inhibition is a well-known method to stabilize HIF-α, little is known about the effect asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). METHODS We used a model of progressive proteinuric CKD and a model of obstructive nephropathy with unilateral fibrosis. In these models we assessed hypoxia with pimonidazole and vascularization with three-dimensional micro-computed tomography imaging. We analysed a database of 217 CKD biopsies from stage 1 to 5 and we randomly collected 15 CKD biopsies of various severity degrees to assess FIH expression. Finally, we modulated FIH activity in vitro and in vivo using a pharmacologic approach to assess its relevance in CKD. RESULTS In our model of proteinuric CKD, we show that early CKD stages are not characterized by hypoxia or HIF activation. At late CKD stages, some areas of hypoxia are observed, but these are not colocalizing with fibrosis. In mice and in humans, we observed a downregulation of the HIF pathway, together with an increased FIH expression in CKD, according to its severity. Modulating FIH in vitro affects cellular metabolism, as described previously. In vivo, pharmacologic FIH inhibition increases the glomerular filtration rate of control and CKD animals and is associated with decreased development of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The causative role of hypoxia and HIF activation in CKD progression is questioned. A pharmacological approach of FIH downregulation seems promising in proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Faivre
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Dissard
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Willy Kuo
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Legouis
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Arnoux
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn Heckenmeyer
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marylise Fernandez
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Tihy
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renuga D Rajaram
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Delitsikou
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc An Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bert Mueller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Georg Shulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
- Micro- and Nanotomography Core Facility, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Solange Moll
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vartan Kurtcuoglu
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Medicine and Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney. CH, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Isono T, Matsumoto T, Suzaki M, Kubota S, Kageyama S, Kawauchi A, Wada A. Transcriptome analysis of a dog model of congestive heart failure shows that collagen-related 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases contribute to heart failure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22569. [PMID: 36581661 PMCID: PMC9800379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an important pathological mechanism in heart failure (HF) and is associated with poor prognosis. We analyzed fibrosis in HF patients using transcriptomic data. Genes differentially expressed between normal control and congestive HF (CHF) dogs included P3H1, P3H2, P3H4, P4HA2, PLOD1 and PLOD3, which belong to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2OGD) superfamily that stabilizes collagen during fibrosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated 2OGD gene expression was increased in CHF samples compared with normal left ventricle (LV) samples. 2OGD gene expression was repressed in angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-treated samples. These genes, activated the hydroxylation of proline or lysin residues of procollagen mediated by 2-oxoglutaric acid and O2, produce succinic acid and CO2. Metabolic analysis demonstrated the concentration of succinic acid was significantly increased in CHF samples compared with normal LV samples. Fibrosis was induced in human cardiac fibroblasts by TGF-ß1 treatment. After treatment, the gene and protein expressions of 2OGD, the concentration of succinic acid, and the oxygen consumption rate were increased compared with no treatment. This is the first study to show that collagen-related 2OGD genes contribute to HF during the induction of fibrosis and might be potential therapeutic targets for fibrosis and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Isono
- grid.410827.80000 0000 9747 6806Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan ,grid.410827.80000 0000 9747 6806Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Takehiro Matsumoto
- Center of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8585 Japan
| | - Masafumi Suzaki
- grid.410827.80000 0000 9747 6806Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kubota
- grid.410827.80000 0000 9747 6806Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- grid.410827.80000 0000 9747 6806Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- grid.410827.80000 0000 9747 6806Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192 Japan
| | - Atuyuki Wada
- Center of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8585 Japan
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Efficacy and Safety of Roxadustat in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials including 6,518 Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2413176. [PMID: 36420092 PMCID: PMC9678462 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2413176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Roxadustat is a newly listed oral hypoxia-inducible factor-proline enhancing enzyme inhibitor (HIF-PHI) in recent years. There have been some studies that have proved the efficacy of roxadustat on the treatment of renal anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there are still different conclusions on its safety. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess efficacy and safety of roxadustat treatment for anemia in CKD patients. The Cochrane Literature Quality Evaluation Scale was used to evaluate the quality of included literature. We choose fixed-effects model or random effects model for data processing based on heterogeneity. It was considered statistically significant when p value <0.05. Results A total of 842 articles were retrieved, and 16 trials in the 15 articles were finally included. Roxadustat treatment significantly increased Hb levels. Iron (SMD 1.43, 95% CI 0.31 to 2.55), total iron-binding capacity (SMD 2.06, 95% CI 0.91 to 3.22), ferritin (WMD 21.33, 95% CI 3.04 to 39.62), transferrin saturation (SMD 4.17, 95% CI 3.90 to 4.45), and LDL-cholesterol (SMD -0.64, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.55) showed statistical significance in dialysis-dependent (DD) study. And hepcidin (SMD -1.56, 95% CI -2.63 to -0.50), transferrin (SMD 1.80, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.06), total iron-binding capacity (SMD 1.62, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.86), total cholesterol (SMD -0.88, 95% CI -1.68 to -0.09), ferritin (WMD -52.68, 95% CI -62.68 to -42.67), transferrin saturation (SMD -5.57, 95% CI -7.47 to -3.68), and LDL-cholesterol (SMD -0.85, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.34) showed statistical significance in not dialysis-dependent (NDD) study. In terms of safety, roxadustat treatment did not increase risk of total adverse events either in dialysis-dependent or not dialysis-dependent patients. Conclusion Roxadustat can effectively improve anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. There was no significant difference in total adverse events compared with the control group.
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Locatelli F, Minutolo R, De Nicola L, Del Vecchio L. Evolving Strategies in the Treatment of Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: The HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors. Drugs 2022; 82:1565-1589. [PMID: 36350500 PMCID: PMC9645314 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10% of the worldwide population; anaemia is a frequent complication. Inadequate erythropoietin production and absolute or functional iron deficiency are the major causes. Accordingly, the current treatment is based on iron and erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs). Available therapy has dramatically improved the management of anaemia and the quality of life. However, safety concerns were raised over ESA use, especially when aiming to reach near-to-normal haemoglobin levels with high doses. Moreover, many patients show hypo-responsiveness to ESA. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) were developed for the oral treatment of anaemia in CKD to overcome these concerns. They simulate the body's exposure to moderate hypoxia, stimulating the production of endogenous erythropoietin. Some molecules are already approved for clinical use in some countries. Data from clinical trials showed non-inferiority in anaemia correction compared to ESA or superiority for placebo. Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors may also have additional advantages in inflamed patients, improving iron utilisation and mobilisation and decreasing LDL-cholesterol. Overall, non-inferiority was also shown in major cardiovascular events, except for one molecule in the non-dialysis population. This was an unexpected finding, considering the lower erythropoietin levels reached using these drugs due to their peculiar mechanism of action. More data and longer follow-ups are necessary to better clarifying safety issues and further investigate the variety of pathways activated by HIF, which could have either positive or negative effects and could differentiate HIF-PHIs from ESAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Locatelli
- Past Director of the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, via Fratelli Cairoli 60, 23900, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Roberto Minutolo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Nicola
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Del Vecchio
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Sant' Anna Hospital, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
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Volkova YL, Pickel C, Jucht AE, Wenger RH, Scholz CC. The Asparagine Hydroxylase FIH: A Unique Oxygen Sensor. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:913-935. [PMID: 35166119 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Limited oxygen availability (hypoxia) commonly occurs in a range of physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including embryonic development, physical exercise, inflammation, and ischemia. It is thus vital for cells and tissues to monitor their local oxygen availability to be able to adjust in case the oxygen supply is decreased. The cellular oxygen sensor factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH) is the only known asparagine hydroxylase with hypoxia sensitivity. FIH uniquely combines oxygen and peroxide sensitivity, serving as an oxygen and oxidant sensor. Recent Advances: FIH was first discovered in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway as a modulator of HIF transactivation activity. Several other FIH substrates have now been identified outside the HIF pathway. Moreover, FIH enzymatic activity is highly promiscuous and not limited to asparagine hydroxylation. This includes the FIH-mediated catalysis of an oxygen-dependent stable (likely covalent) bond formation between FIH and selected substrate proteins (called oxomers [oxygen-dependent stable protein oligomers]). Critical Issues: The (patho-)physiological function of FIH is only beginning to be understood and appears to be complex. Selective pharmacologic inhibition of FIH over other oxygen sensors is possible, opening new avenues for therapeutic targeting of hypoxia-associated diseases, increasing the interest in its (patho-)physiological relevance. Future Directions: The contribution of FIH enzymatic activity to disease development and progression should be analyzed in more detail, including the assessment of underlying molecular mechanisms and relevant FIH substrate proteins. Also, the molecular mechanism(s) involved in the physiological functions of FIH remain(s) to be determined. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of recently developed FIH-selective pharmacologic inhibitors will need detailed assessment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 913-935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia L Volkova
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Pickel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Liu X, Deng H, Tang J, Wang Z, Zhu C, Cai X, Rong F, Chen X, Sun X, Jia S, Ouyang G, Li W, Xiao W. OTUB1 augments hypoxia signaling via its non-canonical ubiquitination inhibition of HIF-1α during hypoxia adaptation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:560. [PMID: 35732631 PMCID: PMC9217984 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a main regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia, the protein stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is strictly controlled by oxygen tension dependent of PHDs-catalyzed protein hydroxylation and pVHL complex-mediated proteasomal degradation. Whether HIF-1α protein stability as well as its activity can be further regulated under hypoxia is not well understood. In this study, we found that OTUB1 augments hypoxia signaling independent of PHDs/VHL and FIH. OTUB1 binds to HIF-1α and depletion of OTUB1 reduces endogenous HIF-1α protein under hypoxia. In addition, OTUB1 inhibits K48-linked polyubiquitination of HIF-1α via its non-canonical inhibition of ubiquitination activity. Furthermore, OTUB1 promotes hypoxia-induced glycolytic reprogramming for cellular metabolic adaptation. These findings define a novel regulation of HIF-1α under hypoxia and demonstrate that OTUB1-mediated HIF-1α stabilization positively regulates HIF-1α transcriptional activity and benefits cellular hypoxia adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 PR China ,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 PR China
| | - Hongyan Deng
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 PR China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 PR China
| | - Jinhua Tang
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China
| | - Chunchun Zhu
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 PR China
| | - Fangjing Rong
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China
| | - Xueyi Sun
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China
| | - Shuke Jia
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 PR China
| | - Wenhua Li
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 PR China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 PR China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- grid.429211.d0000 0004 1792 6029State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 PR China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 PR China ,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 PR China
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12
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Ma Y, Zhou Z, Yang GY, Ding J, Wang X. The Effect of Erythropoietin and Its Derivatives on Ischemic Stroke Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:743926. [PMID: 35250554 PMCID: PMC8892214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.743926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies explored the therapeutic effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies provided comprehensive and latest knowledge of EPO treatment for ischemic stroke. In the present review, we introduced the structure, expression, function of EPO, and its receptors in the central nervous system. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed EPO treatment in pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and its therapeutic mechanisms including suppressing inflammation. Finally, advanced studies of the therapy of EPO derivatives in ischemic stroke were also discussed. We wish to provide valuable information on EPO and EPO derivatives’ treatment for ischemic stroke for basic researchers and clinicians to accelerate the process of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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The Deubiquitinase OTUB1 Is a Key Regulator of Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031536. [PMID: 35163456 PMCID: PMC8836018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated energy metabolism is a major contributor to a multitude of pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. Understanding the regulation of metabolic homeostasis is of utmost importance for the identification of therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolically driven diseases. We previously identified the deubiquitinase OTUB1 as substrate for the cellular oxygen sensor factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH) with regulatory effects on cellular energy metabolism, but the physiological relevance of OTUB1 is unclear. Here, we report that the induced global deletion of OTUB1 in adult mice (Otub1 iKO) elevated energy expenditure, reduced age-dependent body weight gain, facilitated blood glucose clearance and lowered basal plasma insulin levels. The respiratory exchange ratio was maintained, indicating an unaltered nutrient oxidation. In addition, Otub1 deletion in cells enhanced AKT activity, leading to a larger cell size, higher ATP levels and reduced AMPK phosphorylation. AKT is an integral part of insulin-mediated signaling and Otub1 iKO mice presented with increased AKT phosphorylation following acute insulin administration combined with insulin hypersensitivity. We conclude that OTUB1 is an important regulator of metabolic homeostasis.
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14
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Bettadapura M, Roys H, Bowlin A, Venugopal G, Washam CL, Fry L, Murdock S, Wanjala H, Byrum SD, Weinkopff T. HIF-α Activation Impacts Macrophage Function during Murine Leishmania major Infection. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121584. [PMID: 34959539 PMCID: PMC8706659 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmanial skin lesions are characterized by inflammatory hypoxia alongside the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and subsequent expression of the HIF-α target VEGF-A during Leishmania major infection. However, the factors responsible for HIF-α activation are not known. We hypothesize that hypoxia and proinflammatory stimuli contribute to HIF-α activation during infection. RNA-Seq of leishmanial lesions revealed that transcripts associated with HIF-1α signaling were induced. To determine whether hypoxia contributes to HIF-α activation, we followed the fate of myeloid cells infiltrating from the blood and into hypoxic lesions. Recruited myeloid cells experienced hypoxia when they entered inflamed lesions, and the length of time in lesions increased their hypoxic signature. To determine whether proinflammatory stimuli in the inflamed tissue can also influence HIF-α activation, we subjected macrophages to various proinflammatory stimuli and measured VEGF-A. While parasites alone did not induce VEGF-A, and proinflammatory stimuli only modestly induced VEGF-A, HIF-α stabilization increased VEGF-A during infection. HIF-α stabilization did not impact parasite entry, growth, or killing. Conversely, the absence of ARNT/HIF-α signaling enhanced parasite internalization. Altogether, these findings suggest that HIF-α is active during infection, and while macrophage HIF-α activation promotes lymphatic remodeling through VEGF-A production, HIF-α activation does not impact parasite internalization or control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Bettadapura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Hayden Roys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Anne Bowlin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Gopinath Venugopal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Charity L. Washam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.W.); (S.D.B.)
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Lucy Fry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Steven Murdock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Humphrey Wanjala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.W.); (S.D.B.)
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Tiffany Weinkopff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.B.); (H.R.); (A.B.); (G.V.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-686-5518
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15
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Ruiz-Serrano A, Monné Rodríguez JM, Günter J, Sherman SPM, Jucht AE, Fluechter P, Volkova YL, Pfundstein S, Pellegrini G, Wagner CA, Schneider C, Wenger RH, Scholz CC. OTUB1 regulates lung development, adult lung tissue homeostasis, and respiratory control. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22039. [PMID: 34793600 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100346r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OTUB1 is one of the most highly expressed deubiquitinases, counter-regulating the two most abundant ubiquitin chain types. OTUB1 expression is linked to the development and progression of lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in humans. However, the physiological function of OTUB1 is unknown. Here, we show that constitutive whole-body Otub1 deletion in mice leads to perinatal lethality by asphyxiation. Analysis of (single-cell) RNA sequencing and proteome data demonstrated that OTUB1 is expressed in all lung cell types with a particularly high expression during late-stage lung development (E16.5, E18.5). At E18.5, the lungs of animals with Otub1 deletion presented with increased cell proliferation that decreased saccular air space and prevented inhalation. Flow cytometry-based analysis of E18.5 lung tissue revealed that Otub1 deletion increased proliferation of major lung parenchymal and mesenchymal/other non-hematopoietic cell types. Adult mice with conditional whole-body Otub1 deletion (wbOtub1del/del ) also displayed increased lung cell proliferation in addition to hyperventilation and failure to adapt the respiratory pattern to hypoxia. On the molecular level, Otub1 deletion enhanced mTOR signaling in embryonic and adult lung tissues. Based on these results, we propose that OTUB1 is a negative regulator of mTOR signaling with essential functions for lung cell proliferation, lung development, adult lung tissue homeostasis, and respiratory regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep M Monné Rodríguez
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Günter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research 'Kidney.CH', Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Pascal Fluechter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yulia L Volkova
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research 'Kidney.CH', Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research 'Kidney.CH', Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research 'Kidney.CH', Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Zheng L, Tian J, Liu D, Zhao Y, Fang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Efficacy and safety of roxadustat for anaemia in dialysis-dependent and non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:919-932. [PMID: 34428860 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Renal anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Roxadustat is the first-in-class oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for the treatment of anaemia. In this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in the treatment of anaemia in CKD patients. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from their inception to February 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of roxadustat to those of an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) or a placebo in treating anaemia in CKD patients. RESULTS Nine RCTs involving 2743 patients were found. The meta-analysis showed that roxadustat increased haemoglobin (Hb) level by 0.91 g/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47-1.34, P < .05), transferrin level by 0.50 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.34-0.65, P < .05), and total iron-binding capacity by 50.64 μg/dL (95% CI: 36.21-65.07, P < .05) in CKD patients. Decreases in hepcidin (mean difference [MD] = -23.16, 95% CI: -37.12 to -9.19, P < .05) and ferritin (MD = -38.35, 95% CI: -67.41 to -9.29, P < .05) levels were also observed. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events (AEs) (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.95-1.32, P = .17) between the roxadustat and control groups; however, the incidence of serious AEs in the roxadustat group was significantly higher than that in the ESA group (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06-1.68, P < .05). CONCLUSION Roxadustat can significantly improve renal anaemia in CKD patients by increasing Hb level and iron metabolism. However, attention must be paid to the risk of SAEs during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Deping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yatong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nephropathy, China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Wish JB, Eckardt KU, Kovesdy CP, Fishbane S, Spinowitz BS, Berns JS. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Stabilization as an Emerging Therapy for CKD-Related Anemia: Report From a Scientific Workshop Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 78:709-718. [PMID: 34332007 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The National Kidney Foundation convened an interdisciplinary international workshop in March 2019 to discuss the potential role of a new class of agents for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD): the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs). International experts with expertise in physiology, biochemistry, structural chemistry, translational medicine and clinical management of anemia participated. Participants reviewed the unmet needs of current anemia treatment, the biology of hypoxia-inducible factor, the pharmacology of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, and the results of phase 2 clinical trials of HIF-PHIs among patients with both non-dialysis dependent and dialysis-dependent CKD. The results of key phase 3 clinical trials of HIF-PHIs in the public domain as of this writing are also presented in this article although they appeared after the workshop was completed. Participants in the workshop developed a number of recommendations for further examination of HIF-PHIs which are summarized in this article and include long-term safety issues, potential benefits, and practical considerations for implementation including patient and provider education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay B Wish
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Steven Fishbane
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Bruce S Spinowitz
- Department of Medicine, New York Hospital Queens, Cornell University Medical Center, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Berns
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling in Macrophages Promotes Lymphangiogenesis in Leishmania major Infection. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0012421. [PMID: 34031127 PMCID: PMC8281282 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00124-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a phenomenon seen in the cutaneous lesions formed during infection with Leishmania parasites. Within the lesion, Leishmania major infection leads to the infiltration of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, and is associated with hypoxic conditions and lymphangiogenesis in the local site. This low-oxygen environment is concomitant with the expression of hypoxic inducible factors (HIFs), which initiate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in macrophages during the infection. Here, we found that macrophage hypoxia is elevated in the skin, and the HIF target Vegfa is preferentially expressed at the site of infection. Further, transcripts indicative of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α activation were increased at the site of infection. Given that HIF mediates VEGF-A and that VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling induces lymphangiogenesis, we wanted to investigate the link between myeloid HIF activation and lymphangiogenesis during L. major infection. We show that myeloid aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)/HIF/VEGF-A signaling promotes lymphangiogenesis (the generation of newly formed vessels within the local lymphatic network), which helps resolve the lesion by draining away inflammatory cells and fluid. Concomitant with impaired lymphangiogenesis, we find the deletion of myeloid ARNT/HIF signaling leads to an exacerbated inflammatory response associated with a heightened CD4+ Th1 immune response following L. major infection. Altogether, our data suggest that VEGF-A-mediated lymphangiogenesis occurs through myeloid ARNT/HIF activation following Leishmania major infection and this process is critical in limiting immunopathology.
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19
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Wu Y, Li Z, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ, Zhang X. Inhibition of the Oxygen-Sensing Asparaginyl Hydroxylase Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor: A Potential Hypoxia Response Modulating Strategy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7189-7209. [PMID: 34029087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH) is a JmjC domain 2-oxogluarate and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase that catalyzes hydroxylation of specific asparagines in the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-α) isoforms. This modification suppresses the transcriptional activity of HIF by reducing its interaction with the transcriptional coactivators p300/CBP. By contrast with inhibition of the HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), inhibitors of FIH, which accepts multiple non-HIF substrates, are less studied; they are of interest due to their potential ability to alter metabolism (either in a HIF-dependent and/or -independent manner) and, provided HIF is upregulated, to modulate the course of the HIF-mediated hypoxic response. Here we review studies on the mechanism and inhibition of FIH. We discuss proposed biological roles of FIH including its regulation of HIF activity and potential roles of FIH-catalyzed oxidation of non-HIF substrates. We highlight potential therapeutic applications of FIH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Michael A McDonough
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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The efficacy and safety of roxadustat treatment for anemia in patients with kidney disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:985-997. [PMID: 33389461 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is a common complication for patients with kidney disease. Roxadustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (PHI), which is a newly approved oral drug for anemia. We performed this study to build evidence regarding efficacy and safety of roxadustat in kidney disease patients with or without dialysis. METHODS We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and clinicaltrials.gov from the inception to July 20, 2020. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared roxadustat with placebo or other therapies in the treatment of anemia in kidney disease patients were included. Data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled in a meta-analysis model using RevMan5.3 and stata13.0 software. RESULTS Eight RCTs with 1010 patients were included in our analysis. We found that roxadustat significantly increased hemoglobin (Hb) level (1.10 g/dL, 95% CI [0.52 g/dL, 1.67 g/dL], p = 0.0002), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) (58.71 µg/dL, 95% CI [44.10 µg/dL, 73.32 µg/dL], p < 0.00001), iron level (9.28 µg/dL, 95% CI [0.11 µg/dL, 18.45 µg/dL], p = 0.05) compared with control group in kidney disease patients. In addition, our result showed that a significant reduction in hepcidin level (- 31.96 ng/mL, 95% CI [- 35.05 ng/mL, - 28.87 ng/mL], p < 0.00001), ferritin (- 44.82 ng/mL, 95% CI [- 64.42 ng/mL, - 25.23 ng/mL], p < 0.00001) was associated with roxadustat. No difference was found between roxadustat and control group in terms of oral iron supplementation, adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), infection, myocardial infraction, stroke, heart failure and death. CONCLUSIONS Roxadustat has higher mean Hb level than placebo or EPO. Due to the short follow-up period and the lack of critical data, more RCTs are needed to prove long-term safety and effectiveness of roxadustat in the future.
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Zou J, Yang J, Zhu X, Zhong J, Elshaer A, Matsusaka T, Pastan I, Haase VH, Yang HC, Fogo AB. Stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor ameliorates glomerular injury sensitization after tubulointerstitial injury. Kidney Int 2020; 99:620-631. [PMID: 33137336 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that mild tubulointerstitial injury sensitizes glomeruli to subsequent injury. Here, we evaluated whether stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α), a key regulator of tissue response to hypoxia, ameliorates tubulointerstitial injury and impact on subsequent glomerular injury. Nep25 mice, which express the human CD25 receptor on podocytes under control of the nephrin promotor and develop glomerulosclerosis when a specific toxin is administered were used. Tubulointerstitial injury, evident by week two, was induced by folic acid, and mice were treated with an HIF stabilizer, dimethyloxalylglycine or vehicle from week three to six. Uninephrectomy at week six assessed tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Glomerular injury was induced by podocyte toxin at week seven, and mice were sacrificed ten days later. At week six tubular injury markers normalized but with patchy collagen I and interstitial fibrosis. Pimonidazole staining, a hypoxia marker, was increased by folic acid treatment compared to vehicle while dimethyloxalylglycine stimulated HIF-2α expression and attenuated tubulointerstitial hypoxia. The hematocrit was increased by dimethyloxalylglycine along with downstream effectors of HIF. Tubular epithelial cell injury, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis were improved after dimethyloxalylglycine, with further reduced mortality, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis induced by specific podocyte injury. Thus, our findings indicate that hypoxia contributes to tubular injury and consequent sensitization of glomeruli to injury. Hence, restoring HIFs may blunt this adverse crosstalk of tubules to glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Division of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaewon Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Xiaoye Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Wudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ahmed Elshaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Volker H Haase
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Medicine and Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Del Vecchio L, Locatelli F. Hypoxia response and acute lung and kidney injury: possible implications for therapy of COVID-19. Clin Kidney J 2020; 13:494-499. [PMID: 32905208 PMCID: PMC7467604 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic of unprecedented severity affecting millions of people around the world and causing several hundred thousands of deaths. The presentation of the disease ranges from asymptomatic manifestations through to acute respiratory distress syndrome with the necessity of mechanical ventilation. Cytokine storm and maladaptive responses to the viral spread in the body could be responsible for the severity of disease. Many patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI) during the course of their disease, especially in more severe cases. Many factors could cause kidney damage during infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. It is still unclear whether direct viral damage or the overexpression of cytokines and inflammatory factors are preeminent. According to autoptic studies, in most of the cases, AKI is due proximal tubular damage. However, cases of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis were reported as well in the absence of signs of direct viral infection of the kidney. Considering that severe hypoxia is a hallmark of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, the involvement of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) system is very likely, possibly influencing the inflammatory response and outcome in both the lungs and kidneys. Several bodies of evidence have shown a possible role of the HIF pathway during AKI in various kidney disease models. Similar observations were made in the setting of acute lung injury. In both organs, HIF activation by means of inhibition of the prolyl-hydroxylases domain (PHD) could be protective. Considering these promising experimental data, we hypothesize that PHD inhibitors could be considered as a possible new therapy against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Locatelli
- Past Director, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
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Günter J, Wenger RH, Scholz CC. Inhibition of firefly luciferase activity by a HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 210:111980. [PMID: 32745950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The three hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) 1-3 enzymes confer oxygen sensitivity to the HIF pathway and are novel therapeutic targets for treatment of renal anemia. Inhibition of the PHDs may further be beneficial in other hypoxia-associated diseases, including ischemia and chronic inflammation. Several pharmacologic PHD inhibitors (PHIs) are available, but our understanding of their selectivity and its chemical basis is limited. We here report that the PHI JNJ-42041935 (JNJ-1935) is structurally similar to the firefly luciferase substrate D-luciferin. Our results demonstrate that JNJ-1935 is a novel inhibitor of firefly luciferase enzymatic activity. In contrast, the PHIs FG-4592 (roxadustat) and FG-2216 (ICA, BIQ, IOX3, YM 311) did not affect firefly luciferase. The JNJ-1935 mode of inhibition is competitive with a Ki of 1.36 μM. D-luciferin did not inhibit the PHDs, despite its structural similarity to JNJ-1935. This study provides insights into a previously unknown JNJ-1935 off-target effect as well as into the chemical requirements for firefly luciferase and PHD inhibitors and may inform the development of novel compounds targeting these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Günter
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, & National Centre of Competence in Research 'Kidney.CH', Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, & National Centre of Competence in Research 'Kidney.CH', Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, & National Centre of Competence in Research 'Kidney.CH', Zurich, Switzerland.
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Faivre A, Scholz CC, de Seigneux S. Hypoxia in chronic kidney disease: towards a paradigm shift? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 36:1782-1790. [PMID: 33895835 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as an alteration of kidney structure and/or function lasting for >3 months [1]. CKD affects 10% of the general adult population and is responsible for large healthcare costs [2]. Since the end of the last century, the role of hypoxia in CKD progression has controversially been discussed. To date, there is evidence of the presence of hypoxia in late-stage renal disease, but we lack time-course evidence, stage correlation and also spatial co-localization with fibrotic lesions to ensure its causative role. The classical view of hypoxia in CKD progression is that it is caused by peritubular capillary alterations, renal anaemia and increased oxygen consumption regardless of the primary injury. In this classical view, hypoxia is assumed to further induce pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory responses, as well as oxidative stress, leading to CKD worsening as part of a vicious circle. However, recent investigations tend to question this paradigm, and both the presence of hypoxia and its role in CKD progression are still not clearly demonstrated. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the main transcriptional regulator of the hypoxia response. Genetic HIF modulation leads to variable effects on CKD progression in different murine models. In contrast, pharmacological modulation of the HIF pathway [i.e. by HIF hydroxylase inhibitors (HIs)] appears to be generally protective against fibrosis progression experimentally. We here review the existing literature on the role of hypoxia, the HIF pathway and HIF HIs in CKD progression and summarize the evidence that supports or rejects the hypoxia hypothesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Faivre
- Department of Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Cell physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Service of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Souza E, Cho KH, Harris ST, Flindt NR, Watt RK, Pai AB. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors: a paradigm shift for treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:831-844. [PMID: 32476498 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1777276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) pathway is responsible for regulating the biosynthesis of erythropoietin (EPO) and maintaining iron homeostasis. Investigational drugs that target the HIF-PH pathway are promising alternatives for treating anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recent advances focused on the clinical development of HIF-PH inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) as potentially novel therapies in the treatment of anemia in CKD based on publications available on PubMed and restricted Google searches. We provide a comparison between HIF-PHIs regarding their pharmacokinetics, dosing regimens and safety concerns, structure-activity relationships, and alterations in key laboratory parameters observed in animal models and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION HIF-PHIs may be advantageous in some aspects compared to the conventional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). While ESAs could increase the risk of cardiovascular events due to rapid rises in ESA blood levels, HIF-PHIs have been reported to maintain EPO concentrations at levels that are closer to the normal physiological ranges. Although HIF-PHIs have been demonstrated to be relatively safe and effective in clinical trials, long-term safety data are needed in order to establish whether these therapeutic agents will lead to a major paradigm change in the treatment of anemia of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernane Souza
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine H Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shelby T Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, UT, USA
| | - Naomi R Flindt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, UT, USA
| | - Richard K Watt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, UT, USA
| | - Amy Barton Pai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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