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Yao BF, Luo XJ, Peng J. A review for the correlation between optic atrophy 1-dependent mitochondrial fusion and cardiovascular disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127910. [PMID: 37939779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis is sustained by continuous and balanced fission and fusion, which are determinants of morphology, abundance, biogenesis and mitophagy of mitochondria. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), as the only inner mitochondrial membrane fusion protein, plays a key role in stabilizing mitochondrial dynamics. The disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to the pathophysiological progress of cardiovascular disorders, which are the main cause of death worldwide in recent decades and result in tremendous social burden. In this review, we describe the latest findings regarding OPA1 and its role in mitochondrial fusion. We summarize the post-translational modifications (PTMs) for OPA1 and its regulatory role in mitochondrial dynamics. Then the diverse cell fates caused by OPA1 expression during cardiovascular disorders are discussed. Moreover, cardiovascular disorders (such as heart failure, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy and cardiac hypertrophy) relevant to OPA1-dependent mitochondrial dynamics imbalance have been detailed. Finally, we highlight the potential that targeting OPA1 to impact mitochondrial fusion may be used as a novel strategy against cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Feng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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2
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Stadler K, Ilatovskaya DV. Renal Epithelial Mitochondria: Implications for Hypertensive Kidney Disease. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5225-5242. [PMID: 38158371 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 in 2 U.S. adults have hypertension, and more than 1 in 7 chronic kidney disease. In fact, hypertension is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the United States; it is a complex disease characterized by, leading to, and caused by renal dysfunction. It is well-established that hypertensive renal damage is accompanied by mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which are differentially regulated and manifested along the nephron due to the diverse structure and functions of renal cells. This article provides a summary of the relevant knowledge of mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism, focuses on renal mitochondrial function, and discusses the evidence that has been accumulated regarding the role of epithelial mitochondrial bioenergetics in the development of renal tissue dysfunction in hypertension. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5225-5242, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Hernandez-Resendiz S, Prakash A, Loo SJ, Semenzato M, Chinda K, Crespo-Avilan GE, Dam LC, Lu S, Scorrano L, Hausenloy DJ. Targeting mitochondrial shape: at the heart of cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:49. [PMID: 37955687 PMCID: PMC10643419 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need to identify novel therapeutic strategies capable of protecting the myocardium against the detrimental effects of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size and prevent the onset of heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this regard, perturbations in mitochondrial morphology with an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and fission can disrupt mitochondrial metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species production, factors which are all known to be critical determinants of cardiomyocyte death following acute myocardial IRI. As such, therapeutic approaches directed at preserving the morphology and functionality of mitochondria may provide an important strategy for cardioprotection. In this article, we provide an overview of the alterations in mitochondrial morphology which occur in response to acute myocardial IRI, and highlight the emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondrial shape to preserve mitochondrial function which have the future therapeutic potential to improve health outcomes in patients presenting with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Jie Loo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linh Chi Dam
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengjie Lu
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
- University College London, The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, London, UK.
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4
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Lee WE, Genetzakis E, Figtree GA. Novel Strategies in the Early Detection and Treatment of Endothelial Cell-Specific Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Coronary Artery Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1359. [PMID: 37507899 PMCID: PMC10376062 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although elevated cholesterol and other recognised cardiovascular risk factors are important in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart attack, the susceptibility of humans to this fatal process is distinct from other animals. Mitochondrial dysfunction of cells in the arterial wall, particularly the endothelium, has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. In this manuscript, we review the established evidence and mechanisms in detail and explore the potential opportunities arising from analysing mitochondrial function in patient-derived cells such as endothelial colony-forming cells easily cultured from venous blood. We discuss how emerging technology and knowledge may allow us to measure mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and risk management. We also discuss the "pros and cons" of animal models of atherosclerosis, and how patient-derived cell models may provide opportunities to develop novel therapies relevant for humans. Finally, we review several targets that potentially alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction working both via direct and indirect mechanisms and evaluate the effect of several classes of compounds in the cardiovascular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian E. Lee
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.E.L.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elijah Genetzakis
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.E.L.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.E.L.); (E.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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5
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Huang Y, Zhou B. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Diseases and Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051500. [PMID: 37239170 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main site of intracellular synthesis of ATP, which provides energy for various physiological activities of the cell. Cardiomyocytes have a high density of mitochondria and mitochondrial damage is present in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we describe mitochondrial damage in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity, in the context of the key roles of mitochondria in cardiac development and homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the main current therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction, including pharmacological strategies, gene therapy, mitochondrial replacement therapy, and mitochondrial transplantation. It is hoped that this will provide new ideas for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
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6
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Afsar B, Afsar RE. Hypertension and cellular senescence. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10031-4. [PMID: 37010665 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Essential or primary hypertension is a wordwide health problem. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is closely associated not only with increased chronological aging but also with biological aging. There are various common pathways that play a role in cellular aging and BP regulation. These include but not limited to inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, air pollution, decreased klotho activity increased renin angiotensin system activation, gut dysbiosis etc. It has already been shown that some anti-hypertensive drugs have anti-senescent actions and some senolytic drugs have BP lowering effects. In this review, we have summarized the common mechanisms underlying cellular senescence and HT and their relationships. We further reviewed the effect of various antihypertensive medications on cellular senescence and suggest further issues to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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7
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Targeting mitochondrial impairment for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: From hypertension to ischemia-reperfusion injury, searching for new pharmacological targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115405. [PMID: 36603686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial proteins represent a group of promising pharmacological target candidates in the search of new molecular targets and drugs to counteract the onset of hypertension and more in general cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, several mitochondrial pathways result impaired in CVDs, showing ATP depletion and ROS production as common traits of cardiac tissue degeneration. Thus, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes can represent a successful strategy to prevent heart failure. In this context, the identification of new pharmacological targets among mitochondrial proteins paves the way for the design of new selective drugs. Thanks to the advances in omics approaches, to a greater availability of mitochondrial crystallized protein structures and to the development of new computational approaches for protein 3D-modelling and drug design, it is now possible to investigate in detail impaired mitochondrial pathways in CVDs. Furthermore, it is possible to design new powerful drugs able to hit the selected pharmacological targets in a highly selective way to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent cardiac tissue degeneration. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of CVDs appears increasingly evident, as reflected by the impairment of proteins involved in lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dynamics, respiratory chain complexes, and membrane polarization maintenance in CVD patients. Conversely, little is known about proteins responsible for the cross-talk between mitochondria and cytoplasm in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial transporters of the SLC25A family, in particular, are responsible for the translocation of nucleotides (e.g., ATP), amino acids (e.g., aspartate, glutamate, ornithine), organic acids (e.g. malate and 2-oxoglutarate), and other cofactors (e.g., inorganic phosphate, NAD+, FAD, carnitine, CoA derivatives) between the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Thus, mitochondrial transporters play a key role in the mitochondria-cytosol cross-talk by leading metabolic pathways such as the malate/aspartate shuttle, the carnitine shuttle, the ATP export from mitochondria, and the regulation of permeability transition pore opening. Since all these pathways are crucial for maintaining healthy cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial carriers emerge as an interesting class of new possible pharmacological targets for CVD treatments.
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8
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Li Y, Yang S, Jin X, Li D, Lu J, Wang X, Wu M. Mitochondria as novel mediators linking gut microbiota to atherosclerosis that is ameliorated by herbal medicine: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1082817. [PMID: 36733506 PMCID: PMC9886688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1082817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is characterized by endothelial damage, lipid deposition, and chronic inflammation. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AS by regulating host metabolism and immunity. As human mitochondria evolved from primordial bacteria have homologous characteristics, they are attacked by microbial pathogens as target organelles, thus contributing to energy metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondria may be a key mediator of intestinal microbiota disorders and AS aggravation. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, and bile acids, also affect mitochondrial function, including mtDNA mutation, oxidative stress, and mitophagy, promoting low-grade inflammation. This further damages cellular homeostasis and the balance of innate immunity, aggravating AS. Herbal medicines and their monomers can effectively ameliorate the intestinal flora and their metabolites, improve mitochondrial function, and inhibit atherosclerotic plaques. This review focuses on the interaction between gut microbiota and mitochondria in AS and explores a therapeutic strategy for restoring mitochondrial function and intestinal microbiota disorders using herbal medicines, aiming to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Min Wu,
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9
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Qin HL, Bao JH, Tang JJ, Xu DY, Shen L. Arterial remodeling: the role of mitochondrial metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C183-C192. [PMID: 36468843 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00074.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arterial remodeling is a common pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, aortic dissection, and aneurysm. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are not only the main cellular components in the middle layer of the arterial wall but also the main cells involved in arterial remodeling. Dedifferentiated VSMCs lose their contractile properties and are converted to a synthetic, secretory, proliferative, and migratory phenotype, playing key roles in the pathogenesis of arterial remodeling. As mitochondria are the main site of biological oxidation and energy transformation in eukaryotic cells, mitochondrial numbers and function are very important in maintaining the metabolic processes in VSMCs. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are novel triggers of the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, leading to the onset and development of arterial remodeling. Therefore, pharmacological measures that alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction reverse arterial remodeling by ameliorating VSMCs metabolic dysfunction and phenotypic transformation, providing new options for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to arterial remodeling. This review summarizes the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases associated with arterial remodeling and then discusses the potential mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction participates in pathological arterial remodeling. Furthermore, maintaining or improving mitochondrial function may be a new intervention strategy to prevent the progression of arterial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Hui Bao
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan-Yan Xu
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Metformin Alleviates Epirubicin-Induced Endothelial Impairment by Restoring Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010343. [PMID: 36613786 PMCID: PMC9820471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial injury is important in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Anthracyclines seriously damage the mitochondrial function and mitochondrial homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the damage of epirubicin to vascular endothelial cells and the protective role of metformin from the perspective of mitochondrial homeostasis. We found that epirubicin treatment resulted in DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and excessive Angiotensin II release in HUVEC cells. Pretreatment with metformin significantly mitigated the injuries caused by epirubicin. In addition, inhibited expression of Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and increased mitochondria fragmentation were observed in epirubicin-treated cells, which were partially resumed by metformin pretreatment. In epirubicin-treated cells, knockdown of TFAM counteracted the attenuated DSB formation due to metformin pretreatment, and inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation with Mdivi-1 decreased DSB formation but increased TFAM expression. Furthermore, epirubicin treatment promoted mitochondrial fragmentation by stimulating the expression of Dynamin-1-like protein (DRP1) and inhibiting the expression of Optic atrophy-1(OPA1) and Mitofusin 1(MFN1), which could be partially prevented by metformin. Finally, we found metformin could increase TFAM expression and decrease DRP1 expression in epirubicin-treated HUVEC cells by upregulating the expression of calcineurin/Transcription factor EB (TFEB). Taken together, this study provided evidence that metformin treatment was an effective way to mitigate epirubicin-induced endothelial impairment by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.
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11
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Qu K, Yan F, Qin X, Zhang K, He W, Dong M, Wu G. Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1084604. [PMID: 36605901 PMCID: PMC9807884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1084604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are essential organelles that generate large amounts of ATP via the electron transport chain (ECT). Mitochondrial dysfunction causes reactive oxygen species accumulation, energy stress, and cell death. Endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor causing abnormal function of the endothelium, which plays a central role during atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including high glucose levels, hypertension, ischemia, hypoxia, and diabetes, promote mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. This review summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial mitochondria in endothelial function and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, Clinical trial center, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
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12
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Li YJ, Jin X, Li D, Lu J, Zhang XN, Yang SJ, Zhao YX, Wu M. New insights into vascular aging: Emerging role of mitochondria function. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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13
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Liu YZ, Li ZX, Zhang LL, Wang D, Liu YP. Phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular calcification: Role of mitochondria. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972836. [PMID: 36312244 PMCID: PMC9597684 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an important hallmark of cardiovascular disease, the osteo-/chondrocyte phenotype differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the main cause of vascular calcification. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction may ultimately be more detrimental in the VSMCs calcification. Mitochondrial participate in essential cellular functions, including energy production, metabolism, redox homeostasis regulation, intracellular calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Mitochondrial dysfunction under pathological conditions results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and metabolic disorders, which further lead to abnormal phenotypic differentiation of VSMCs. In this review, we summarize existing studies targeting mitochondria as a treatment for VC, and focus on VSMCs, highlighting recent progress in determining the roles of mitochondrial processes in regulating the phenotype transition of VSMCs, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and mitochondria/ER interactions. Along these lines, the impact of mitochondrial homeostasis on VC is discussed.
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14
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Restoration of Mitochondrial Function Is Essential in the Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Induced by Acacetin in Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911350. [PMID: 36232649 PMCID: PMC9569784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in the endothelium contributes to the progression of hypertension and plays an obligatory role in modulating vascular tone. Acacetin is a natural flavonoid compound that has been shown to possess multiple beneficial effects, including vasodilatation. However, whether acacetin could improve endothelial function in hypertension by protecting against mitochondria-dependent apoptosis remains to be determined. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) administered with acacetin intraperitoneally for 2 h or intragastrically for six weeks were examined. The endothelial injury was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Vascular tension measurement was performed to assess the protective effect of acacetin on mesenteric arteries. Endothelial injury in the pathogenesis of SHR was modeled in HUVECs treated with Angiotensin II (Ang II). Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, the opening of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP) and mitochondrial dynamics proteins were determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), immunofluorescence staining and western blot. Acacetin administered intraperitoneally greatly reduced MAP in SHR by mediating a more pronounced endothelium-dependent dilatation in mesenteric arteries, and the vascular dilatation was reduced remarkably by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthesis. While acacetin administered intragastrically for six weeks had no apparent effect on MAP, it improved the endothelium-dependent dilatation in SHR by activating the AKT/eNOS pathway and protecting against the abnormalities of endothelium and mitochondria. Furthermore, acacetin remarkably inhibited Ang II induced apoptosis by inhibiting the increased expression of Cyclophilin D (CypD), promoted the opening of mPTP, ROS generation, ATP loss and disturbance of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)/optic atrophy1 (OPA1) dynamics in HUVECs. This study suggests that acacetin protected against endothelial dysfunction in hypertension by activating the AKT/eNOS pathway and modulating mitochondrial function by targeting mPTP and DRP1/OPA1-dependent dynamics.
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15
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Panigrahi DP, Patra S, Behera BP, Behera PK, Patil S, Patro BS, Rout L, Sarangi I, Bhutia SK. MTP18 inhibition triggers mitochondrial hyperfusion to induce apoptosis through ROS-mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization-dependent pathway in oral cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:307-319. [PMID: 35985563 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion (SIMH) exerts a protective role in aiding cell survival, in the absence of mitochondrial fission, SIMH drives oxidative stress-related induction of apoptosis. In this study, our data showed that MTP18, a mitochondrial fission-promoting protein expression, was increased in oral cancer. We have screened and identified S28, a novel inhibitor of MTP18, which was found to induce SIMH and subsequently trigger apoptosis. Interestingly, it inhibited MTP18-mediated mitochondrial fission, as shown by a decrease in p-Drp1 along with increased Mfn1 expression in oral cancer cells. Moreover, S28 induced autophagy but not mitophagy due to the trouble in engulfment of hypoperfused mitochondria. Interestingly, S28-mediated SIMH resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the consequent generation of mitochondrial superoxide to induce intrinsic apoptosis. Mechanistically, S28-induced mitochondrial superoxide caused lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), resulting in decreased lysosomal pH, which impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In this setting, it showed that overexpression of MTP18 resulted in mitochondrial fission leading to mitophagy and inhibition of superoxide-mediated LMP and apoptosis. Further, S28, in combination with FDA-approved anticancer drugs, exhibited higher apoptotic activity and decreased cell viability, suggesting the MTP18 inhibition combined with the anticancer drug could have greater efficacy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundargarh, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundargarh, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundargarh, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Pradyota Kumar Behera
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | | | - Laxmidhar Rout
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India.
| | - Itisam Sarangi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sundargarh, 769008, Odisha, India.
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16
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Chehaitly A, Guihot AL, Proux C, Grimaud L, Aurrière J, Legouriellec B, Rivron J, Vessieres E, Tétaud C, Zorzano A, Procaccio V, Joubaud F, Reynier P, Lenaers G, Loufrani L, Henrion D. Altered Mitochondrial Opa1-Related Fusion in Mouse Promotes Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061078. [PMID: 35739974 PMCID: PMC9219969 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow (shear stress)-mediated dilation (FMD) of resistance arteries is a rapid endothelial response involved in tissue perfusion. FMD is reduced early in cardiovascular diseases, generating a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. As alteration of mitochondrial fusion reduces endothelial cells’ (ECs) sprouting and angiogenesis, we investigated its role in ECs responses to flow. Opa1 silencing reduced ECs (HUVECs) migration and flow-mediated elongation. In isolated perfused resistance arteries, FMD was reduced in Opa1+/− mice, a model of the human disease due to Opa1 haplo-insufficiency, and in mice with an EC specific Opa1 knock-out (EC-Opa1). Reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress restored FMD in EC-Opa1 mice. In isolated perfused kidneys from EC-Opa1 mice, flow induced a greater pressure, less ATP, and more H2O2 production, compared to control mice. Opa1 expression and mitochondrial length were reduced in ECs submitted in vitro to disturbed flow and in vivo in the atheroprone zone of the mouse aortic cross. Aortic lipid deposition was greater in Ldlr−/--Opa1+/- and in Ldlr−/--EC-Opa1 mice than in control mice fed with a high-fat diet. In conclusion, we found that reduction in mitochondrial fusion in mouse ECs altered the dilator response to shear stress due to excessive superoxide production and induced greater atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Chehaitly
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Coralyne Proux
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Linda Grimaud
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Jade Aurrière
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Benoit Legouriellec
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Jordan Rivron
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Emilie Vessieres
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Clément Tétaud
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10–12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biologie, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
| | - Françoise Joubaud
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-41-73-58-45
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17
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Uchikado Y, Ikeda Y, Ohishi M. Current Understanding of the Pivotal Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Diseases and Senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905072. [PMID: 35665261 PMCID: PMC9157625 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is dependent on ATP production in mitochondria, which is closely associated with cardiovascular disease because of the oxidative stress produced by mitochondria. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly change their morphology to elongated (fusion) or small and spherical (fission). These mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by various small GTPases, Drp1, Fis1, Mitofusin, and Opa1. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are essential to maintain a balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial turnover. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dynamics play a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and senescence. Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics affect mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte survival leading to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Mitochondrial dynamics and reactive oxygen species production have been associated with endothelial dysfunction, which in turn causes the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and even pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the association between cardiovascular diseases and mitochondrial dynamics, which may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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18
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Mone P, Pansini A, Jankauskas SS, Varzideh F, Kansakar U, Lombardi A, Trimarco V, Frullone S, Santulli G. L-Arginine Improves Cognitive Impairment in Hypertensive Frail Older Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868521. [PMID: 35498050 PMCID: PMC9039514 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a prevailing event in hypertensive patients and in frail older adults. Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to underlie both hypertension and cognitive dysfunction. Our hypothesis is that L-Arginine, which is known to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, could counteract cognitive impairment in a high-risk population of hypertensive frail older adults. We designed a clinical trial to verify the effects of 4-weeks oral supplementation of L-Arginine on global cognitive function of hypertensive frail older patients. The study was successfully completed by 35 frail hypertensive elderly patients assigned to L-Arginine and 37 assigned to placebo. At follow-up, we found a significant difference in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test score between the L-Arginine treated group and placebo (p: 0.0178). Moreover, we demonstrated that L-Arginine significantly attenuates Angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate for the first time that oral L-Arginine supplementation significantly improves cognitive impairment in frail hypertensive older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy.,Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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