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Baumgartner R, Engstrand J, Rajala P, Grip J, Ghorbani P, Sparrelid E, Gilg S. Comparing the accuracy of prediction models to detect clinically relevant post-hepatectomy liver failure early after major hepatectomy. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znad433. [PMID: 38150185 PMCID: PMC10763542 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial lactate measurements were recently suggested as an early predictor of clinically relevant post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). This needed to be evaluated in the subgroup of major hepatectomies only. METHOD This observational cohort study included consecutive elective major hepatectomies at Karolinska University Hospital from 2010 to 2018. Clinical risk factors for PHLF, perioperative arterial lactate measurements and routine lab values were included in uni- and multivariable regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristics and risk cut-offs were calculated. RESULTS In total, 649 patients constituted the study cohort, of which 92 developed PHLF grade B/C according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS). Lactate reached significantly higher intra- and postoperative levels in PHLF grades B and C compared to grade A or no liver failure (all P < 0.002). Lactate on postoperative day (POD) 1 was superior to earlier measurement time points in predicting PHLF B/C (AUC 0.75), but was outperformed by both clinical risk factors (AUC 0.81, P = 0.031) and bilirubin POD1 (AUC 0.83, P = 0.013). A multivariable logistic regression model including clinical risk factors and bilirubin POD1 had the highest AUC of 0.87 (P = 0.006), with 56.6% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity for PHLF grade B/C (cut-off ≥0.32). The model identified 46.7% of patients with 90-day mortality and had an equally good discriminatory potential for mortality as the established ISGLS criteria for PHLF grade B/C but could be applied already on POD1. CONCLUSION The potential of lactate to predict PHLF following major hepatectomy was inferior to a prediction model consisting of clinical risk factors and bilirubin on first post-operative day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Baumgartner
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennie Engstrand
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patric Rajala
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Grip
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Poya Ghorbani
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernesto Sparrelid
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gilg
- Division of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fayed NA, Refaat EK, Shoream HA, Hakim SM. Acute normovolaemic haemodilution in cirrhotic patients undergoing major liver resection: Role of ROTEM. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egja.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmeen A. Fayed
- Department of Anesthesia, National Liver Institute, Menofeya University, Egypt
| | - Emad K. Refaat
- Department of Anesthesia, National Liver Institute, Menofeya University, Egypt
| | - Hany A. Shoream
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Liver Institute, Menofeya University , Egypt
| | - Sameh M. Hakim
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Hasanin AS, Mahmoud FM, Soliman HM. Factors affecting acid base status during hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egja.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S. Hasanin
- Department of Anesthesia & ICU, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Fatma M.A. Mahmoud
- Department of Anesthesia & ICU, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Soliman
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Liver Transplantation, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
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Yamada T, Nagata H, Kosugi S, Suzuki T, Morisaki H, Kotake Y. Interaction between anesthetic conditioning and ischemic preconditioning on metabolic function after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rabbits. J Anesth 2018; 32:599-607. [PMID: 29931389 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both anesthetic-induced and ischemic preconditioning are protective against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the effects of these preventive methods on the metabolic function remain to be elucidated. We investigated the anesthetic conditioning and ischemic preconditioning on the metabolic function of the rabbit model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS After approval by the institutional animal care and use committee, 36 Japanese White rabbits underwent partial hepatic ischemia for 90 min either under sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia. All the rabbits underwent 90 min of hepatic ischemia, and half of the rabbits in each group underwent additional 10-min ischemia and 10-min reperfusion before index ischemia. Hepatic microvascular blood flow was intermittently measured during reperfusion period, and galactose clearance, serum aminotransferase activities, and lactate concentrations were determined 180 min after reperfusion. RESULTS Neither anesthetic conditioning with sevoflurane nor ischemic preconditioning altered hepatic microvascular blood flow during reperfusion and serum transaminase activities after reperfusion. However, galactose clearance of reperfused liver was significantly higher under sevoflurane anesthesia than propofol (0.016 ± 0.005/min vs. 0.011 ± 0.004/min). Statistically significant interaction between anesthetic choice and application of ischemic preconditioning suggests that the ischemic preconditioning is selectively protective under propofol anesthesia. Increase of blood lactate concentration was significantly suppressed under sevoflurane anesthesia compared to propofol (1.5 ± 0.8 vs. 3.9 ± 1.4 mmol/l) without any statistically significant interaction with the application of ischemic preconditioning. CONCLUSION Sevoflurane attenuated the decrease of galactose clearance and increase of the blood lactate after reperfusion compared to propofol. Application of ischemic preconditioning was significantly protective under propofol anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashige Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Nagata
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kosugi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morisaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kotake
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-17-6, Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.
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Sakka SG. Assessment of liver perfusion and function by indocyanine green in the perioperative setting and in critically ill patients. J Clin Monit Comput 2017; 32:787-796. [PMID: 29039062 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-017-0073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a water-soluble dye that is bound to plasma proteins when administered intravenously and nearly completely eliminated from the blood by the liver. ICG elimination depends on hepatic blood flow, hepatocellular function and biliary excretion. ICG elimination is considered as a useful dynamic test describing liver function and perfusion in the perioperative setting, i.e., in liver surgery and transplantation, as well as in critically ill patients. ICG plasma disappearance rate (ICG-PDR) which can be measured today by transcutaneous systems at the bedside is a valuable method for dynamic assessment of liver function and perfusion, and is regarded as a valuable prognostic tool in predicting survival of critically ill patients, presenting with sepsis, ARDS or acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir G Sakka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Center Cologne-Merheim, University Witten/ Herdecke, Ostmerheimerstrasse 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Giustiniano E, Procopio F, Costa G, Rocchi L, Ruggieri N, Cantoni S, Zito PC, Gollo Y, Torzilli G, Raimondi F. Serum lactate in liver resection with intermittent Pringle maneuver: the “square-root- shape. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 24:627-636. [DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Giustiniano
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Fabio Procopio
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Guido Costa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Laura Rocchi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Nadia Ruggieri
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Cantoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Paola C. Zito
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Yari Gollo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Guido Torzilli
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
| | - Ferdinando Raimondi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care; Humanitas Research Hospital; Milan Italy
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Golriz M, Abbasi S, Fathi P, Majlesara A, Brenner T, Mehrabi A. Does acid-base equilibrium correlate with remnant liver volume during stepwise liver resection? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28642298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00110.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Small for size and flow syndrome (SFSF) is one of the most challenging complications following extended hepatectomy (EH). After EH, hepatic artery flow decreases and portal vein flow increases per 100 g of remnant liver volume (RLV). This causes hypoxia followed by metabolic acidosis. A correlation between acidosis and posthepatectomy liver failure has been postulated but not studied systematically in a large animal model or clinical setting. In our study, we performed stepwise liver resections on nine pigs to defined SFSF limits as follows: step 1: segment II/III resection, step 2: segment IV resection, step 3: segment V/VIII resection (RLV: 75, 50, and 25%, respectively). Blood gas values were measured before and after each step using four catheters inserted into the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, hepatic artery, and portal vein. The pH, [Formula: see text], and base excess (BE) decreased, but [Formula: see text] values increased after 75% resection in the portal and jugular veins. EH correlated with reduced BE in the hepatic artery. Pco2 values increased after 75% resection in the jugular vein. In contrast, arterial Po2 increased after every resection, whereas the venous Po2 decreased slightly. There were differences in venous [Formula: see text], BE in the hepatic artery, and Pco2 in the jugular vein after 75% liver resection. Because 75% resection is the limit for SFSF, these noninvasive blood evaluations may be used to predict SFSF. Further studies with long-term follow-up are required to validate this correlation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to evaluate acid-base parameters in major central and hepatic vessels during stepwise liver resection. The pH, [Formula: see text], and base excess (BE) decreased, but [Formula: see text] values increased after 75% resection in the portal and jugular veins. Extended hepatectomy correlated with reduced BE in the hepatic artery. Because 75% resection is the limit for small for size and flow syndrome (SFSF), postresection blood gas evaluations may be used to predict SFSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golriz
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Sepehr Abbasi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Parham Fathi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Ali Majlesara
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and
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8
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Vos JJ, Wietasch JKG, Absalom AR, Hendriks HGD, Scheeren TWL. Green light for liver function monitoring using indocyanine green? An overview of current clinical applications. Anaesthesia 2014; 69:1364-76. [PMID: 24894115 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dye indocyanine green is familiar to anaesthetists, and has been studied for more than half a century for cardiovascular and hepatic function monitoring. It is still, however, not yet in routine clinical use in anaesthesia and critical care, at least in Europe. This review is intended to provide a critical analysis of the available evidence concerning the indications for clinical measurement of indocyanine green elimination as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in two areas: its role in peri-operative liver function monitoring during major hepatic resection and liver transplantation; and its role in critically ill patients on the intensive care unit, where it is used for prediction of mortality, and for assessment of the severity of acute liver failure or that of intra-abdominal hypertension. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that indocyanine green elimination measurements in these patient populations can provide diagnostic or prognostic information to the clinician, 'hard' evidence - i.e. high-quality prospective randomised controlled trials - is lacking, and therefore it is not yet time to give a green light for use of indocyanine green in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Vos
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Siu J, McCall J, Connor S. Systematic review of pathophysiological changes following hepatic resection. HPB (Oxford) 2014; 16:407-21. [PMID: 23991862 PMCID: PMC4008159 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major hepatic resection is now performed frequently and with relative safety, but is accompanied by significant pathophysiological changes. The aim of this review is to describe these changes along with interventions that may help reduce the risk for adverse outcomes after major hepatic resection. METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched for relevant literature published from January 2000 to December 2011. Broad subject headings were 'hepatectomy/', 'liver function/', 'liver failure/' and 'physiology/'. RESULTS Predictable changes in blood biochemistry and coagulation occur following major hepatic resection and alterations from the expected path indicate a complicated course. Susceptibility to sepsis, functional renal impairment, and altered energy metabolism are important sequelae of post-resection liver failure. CONCLUSIONS The pathophysiology of post-resection liver failure is difficult to reverse and thus strategies aimed at prevention are key to reducing morbidity and mortality after liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Siu
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch HospitalChristchurch, New Zealand
| | - John McCall
- Department of Surgery, Dunedin HospitalDunedin, New Zealand
| | - Saxon Connor
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch HospitalChristchurch, New Zealand,Correspondence Saxon Connor, Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand. Tel: + 64 3 364 0640. Fax: + 64 3 364 0352. E-mail:
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10
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Mpabanzi L, Mierlo KMC, Malagó M, Dejong CHC, Lytras D, Olde Damink SWM. Surrogate endpoints in liver surgery related trials: a systematic review of the literature. HPB (Oxford) 2013; 15:327-36. [PMID: 23323939 PMCID: PMC3633033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the safety of liver surgery has improved enormously, hepatic surgery continues to face challenging complications. Therefore, improvements supported by evidence-based guidelines are still required. The conduct of randomized controlled trials in liver surgery using dichotomous outcomes requires a large sample size. The use of surrogate endpoints (SEPs) reduces sample size but SEPs should be validated before use. AIM The aim of this review was to summarize the SEPs used in hepatic surgery related trials, their definitions and recapitulating the evidence validating their use. METHOD A systematic computerized literature search in the biomedical database PubMed using the MeSH terms 'hepatectomy' or 'liver resection' or 'liver transection' was conducted. Search was limited to papers written in the English language and published between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2010. RESULTS A total of 593 articles met the search terms and 49 articles were included in the final selection. Standard biochemical liver functions tests were the most frequently used SEP (32 of 49 the studies). The used definitions of SEPs varied greatly among the studies. Most studies referred to earlier published material to justify their choice of SEP. However, no validating studies were found. CONCLUSION Many SEPs are used in liver surgery trials however there is little evidence validating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Mpabanzi
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, and NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, the Netherlands,Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Kim MC Mierlo
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, and NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Malagó
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Cornelis HC Dejong
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, and NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Lytras
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Steven WM Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, and NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, the Netherlands,Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, University College LondonLondon, UK,Correspondence Steven W.M. Olde Damink, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Tel: 31 43 387 74 89. Fax: 31 43 387 54 73. E-mail:
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11
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Watanabe I, Mayumi T, Arishima T, Takahashi H, Shikano T, Nakao A, Nagino M, Nimura Y, Takezawa J. Hyperlactemia can predict the prognosis of liver resection. Shock 2007; 28:35-8. [PMID: 17510606 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3180310ca9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although hyperlactemia is known to accompany hepatic failure and metabolic acidosis, few reports examined the relationships between lactate concentrations and outcome after liver resection. We examined the ability of arterial plasma lactate concentration to predict the patient outcome after hepatectomy. The relationships of arterial lactate and base excess (BE) measured on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) after hepatectomy to postoperative outcome were investigated in 151 consecutive patients. Lactate level was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (P < 0.001), and in patients with postoperative complications than in those without complications (P < 0.001). Base excess was significantly reduced in nonsurvivors (P < 0.001) and in patients with postoperative complications (P = 0.004). The area under the receiver-operator curve of lactate to mortality was 0.86, whereas that of BE to the mortality was 0.82. Moderate correlation was observed between the lactate level at ICU admission and the highest total bilirubin concentration measured within 14 days after the surgery (r = 0.61), whereas the correlation between BE and bilirubin levels was lower (r = 0.35). Using multivariate analysis, the lactate level independently predicted mortality (P = 0.008) and morbidity (P = 0.013). Lactate (P < 0.001) and BE (P = 0.0068) levels both independently predicted the highest bilirubin concentration. The arterial plasma lactate concentration measured on admission to ICU seemed an excellent predictor of patient outcome after liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuru Watanabe
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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12
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Emond JC, Samstein B, Renz JF. A critical evaluation of hepatic resection in cirrhosis: optimizing patient selection and outcomes. World J Surg 2005; 29:124-30. [PMID: 15654659 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-004-7633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic resection has long been the mainstay of treatment of primary liver cancers, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of the high incidence of cirrhosis in patients with HCC, the use of resection was initially limited by the ability of the cirrhotic liver to sustain the surgical insult and the mass reduction. Today, hepatectomy in cirrhosis is undergoing a remarkable evolution. Although surgical and anesthetic improvements have increased the safety of this option, the rapid development of alternative therapies has decreased the need for it. Local excision for small HCC is likely to be replaced by image-guided, percutaneous ablative techniques. Furthermore, total replacement of a cirrhotic liver may be a more effective long-term cure than resection. Unquestionably, resection remains the optimal approach for patients with large tumors and healthy underlying liver function. The role of rapidly evolving new approaches will remain the subject of intensive inquiry in the years to come. In this report, we have attempted to clarify current practice with respect to the evaluation, selection, and technique of resection in cirrhosis, and identify areas of active inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Emond
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 622 West 168th St., Room PH-14C, New York, NY, USA.
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Filos KS, Kirkilesis I, Spiliopoulou I, Scopa CD, Nikolopoulou V, Kouraklis G, Vagianos CE. Bacterial translocation, endotoxaemia and apoptosis following Pringle manoeuvre in rats. Injury 2004; 35:35-43. [PMID: 14728953 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(03)00288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament (Pringle manoeuvre (Pm)) is often employed for the reduction of blood loss during liver surgery. No data exist to date on the effects of Pm on mucosal barrier dysfunction, systemic bacterial translocation (BT), endotoxaemia and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-five male Wistar rats in three groups: I (n=25) controls, II (n=20) sham operation, III (n=20) occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament (Pm). Tissue samples from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), liver, lungs and spleen were analysed after 30 min and at 24 h. Endotoxin was measured in portal and aortic blood and routine haematological and biochemical parameters were measured before and after Pm. RESULTS No differences were found in the blood parameters before and after Pm, but a significant increase in contaminated MLNs and liver was noted. All cultured bacteria were enteric in origin. Portal and aortic endotoxin were significantly increased. Overall the ileal architecture remained intact in all specimens studied and no significant pathology was observed. The ABC increased after Pm significantly (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Normothermic Pm of 30 min duration results in immediate and delayed gut barrier failure by significantly increasing BT and endotoxaemia which might be attributed to portal stasis leading to intestinal congestion as well as temporary liver ischaemia. Apoptosis increased significantly 30 min after performing the Pm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriton S Filos
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Abstract
Management of the surgical patient with liver disease begins with a careful preoperative assessment (Fig. 1). Any clues to liver disease on history and physical examination should be investigated to ascertain the cause of the clinical finding. More data on surgical patients with unexpected liver disease are now available. Patients undergoing emergent surgery are at significant risk of developing liver dysfunction. Child's class still correlates strongly to postoperative complications. Cornerstones of perioperative management in these patients are medical treatment of complications of chronic liver disease, such as ascites; coagulopathy; prevention of encephalopathy; and rapid treatment of dangerous postoperative complications, such as acute acalculous cholecystitis. Evolving knowledge of the effects of anesthesia, improving surgical techniques, and use of better diagnostic tests will help in the reduction of perioperative complications in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Rizvon
- Medical Consultation Service, Nassau University Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA.
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