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The Role of Anesthetic Selection in Perioperative Bleeding. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5510634. [PMID: 34036098 PMCID: PMC8123995 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5510634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative bleeding is one of the major comorbidities associated with surgery. While anesthesia is a critical component to perform surgery, a number of clinical studies supported the contribution of anesthetic drugs to perioperative bleeding. Here, we reviewed the literature on this topic including the underlying mechanism and discussed the future direction on coagulation research in anesthesia.
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Wang Y, Gao H, Bao T, Yang L, Ding G, Ba D, Sun S, Lin Y, Yao S. Ethnic disparities in postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery: a retrospective case-control study. J Anesth 2021; 35:197-205. [PMID: 33507393 PMCID: PMC7969550 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-021-02899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship of ethnicity and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) for women who underwent cesarean delivery (CD) and examine the risk factors for PPH in distinct ethnic groups in China. Methods We conducted case–control studies with the maternity data from the 11,778 CD cases, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Initially, multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the disparity of race-ethnicity on the risk of PPH in ethnic Han, Uygur, Hui and Kazakh. Then, we performed case–control studies within two major ethnic groups, identifying the specific risk factors for PPH. Results Ethnic Uygur were associated with a statistically significant increased odds [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–3.33] of PPH compared with ethnic Han. For subgroup analyses, in Uygur subgroup, general anesthesia (aOR 7.78; 95% CI 2.31–26.20); placenta previa (aOR 11.18; 95% CI 3.09–40.45); prenatal anemia (aOR 4.84; 95% CI 2.44–9.60); emergency surgery (aOR 4.22; 95% CI 1.95–9.13) were independently associated with PPH. In Han subgroup, general anesthesia (aOR 5.70; 95% CI 1.89–17.26); placenta previa (aOR 20.08; 95% CI 6.35–63.46); multiple pregnancy (aOR 7.21; 95% CI 1.61–32.37); body mass index (aOR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07–1.31) were the risk factors to PPH. Conclusion Uygur have more tendency to PPH compared to Han, and risk factors for PPH in Uygur and Han groups may differ. Knowing these differences may be meaningful when planning interventions and resources for high-risk patients undergoing cesarean delivery, and we need more research aimed at risk factors for PPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hexin Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tuvshin Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guifeng Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Demu Ba
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bole, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Murata Y, Kawamoto S, Fukuda K. Rocuronium Has a Suppressive Effect on Platelet Function via the P2Y12 Receptor Pathway In Vitro That Is Not Reversed by Sugammadex. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176399. [PMID: 32899133 PMCID: PMC7504164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rocuronium is an aminosteroid nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker that is widely used for anesthesia and intensive care. In this study, we investigated the effect of rocuronium on human platelet functions in vitro. The effects of rocuronium on platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in platelets were measured using an aggregometer, an enzyme immunoassay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Rocuronium inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression and suppression of cAMP production. These effects were not antagonized by equimolar sugammadex, a synthetic γ-cyclodextrin derivative that antagonizes rocuronium-induced muscle relaxation by encapsulating the rocuronium molecule. Morpholine, which constitutes a part of the rocuronium molecule but is not encapsulated by sugammadex, inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Vecuronium, which has a molecular structure similar to that of rocuronium but does not possess a morpholine ring, had no significant effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. These results indicate that rocuronium has a suppressive effect on platelet functions in vitro that is not reversed by sugammadex and suggest that this effect is mediated by blockade of the P2Y12 receptor signaling pathway via the morpholine ring of rocuronium.
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Moyes AJ, Lamb RM, Ella-Tongwiis P, Pushkaran A, Ahmed I, Shergill I, Hughes SF. A pilot study evaluating changes to haematological and biochemical tests after Flexible Ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of kidney stones. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179599. [PMID: 28683066 PMCID: PMC5499990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently there is limited research documenting the changes in blood parameters, following Flexible Ureterorenoscopy. This study aims to determine whether there are any changes in haematology and biochemistry parameters, following Flexible Ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of kidney stones. METHODS 40 consecutive patients aged between 27-87 years (median 49 years) undergoing Flexible Ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of kidney stones were recruited (26 male, 14 female). Blood samples were collected from each patient at four time points: baseline (pre-operatively) followed by 30 minutes, 120 minutes and 240 minutes post-operatively. On these samples, routine haematological and biochemistry tests were carried out. In addition to the assessment of clinical parameters prospectively from the medical notes. RESULTS There was a significant decrease observed following Flexible Ureterorenoscopy in the following parameters: lymphocytes (p = 0.007), eosinophils (p = 0.001), basophils (p = 0.001), haemoglobin (p = 0.002), red blood cells (p = 0.001), platelet count (p = 0.001), fibrinogen concentration (p = 0.001), von Willebrand factor (p = 0.046), C reactive protein (p = 0.01), total protein (p = 0.001), albumin (p = 0.001), globulin (p = 0.001) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.001). In addition, there was a significant increase observed in the following parameters: white blood cells (p = 0.001), neutrophils (p = 0.001), activated partial thromboplastin time (p = 0.001), total bilirubin (p = 0.012), creatinine (p = 0.008), sodium (p = 0.002) and potassium (p = 0.001). Limiting factors for this study were the sample size, and restriction on the recruitment time points. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes were noted to occur in haematology and biochemistry parameters following Flexible Ureterorenoscopy. Some of the data presented in this study may represent the 'normal' post-operative response following FURS, as no major complications occurred, in the majority of our patients. This data on the 'normal response' will need to be validated but may ultimately aid clinicians in distinguishing patients at risk of complications, if reproduced in larger multi-centre studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Jayne Moyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
- North Wales & North West Urological Research Centre (NW2URC), Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board (BCUHB) Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, BCUHB Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca May Lamb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
- North Wales & North West Urological Research Centre (NW2URC), Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board (BCUHB) Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, BCUHB Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ella-Tongwiis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
- North Wales & North West Urological Research Centre (NW2URC), Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board (BCUHB) Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, BCUHB Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Anish Pushkaran
- North Wales & North West Urological Research Centre (NW2URC), Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board (BCUHB) Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, BCUHB Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Issam Ahmed
- North Wales & North West Urological Research Centre (NW2URC), Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board (BCUHB) Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, BCUHB Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Iqbal Shergill
- North Wales & North West Urological Research Centre (NW2URC), Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board (BCUHB) Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, BCUHB Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Fôn Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
- North Wales & North West Urological Research Centre (NW2URC), Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board (BCUHB) Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
- Department of Urology, BCUHB Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, Wales, United Kingdom
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Tsikas D, Jordan J, Engeli S. Blood pressure-lowering effects of propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia are not due to enhanced nitric oxide formation or bioavailability. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 79:1030-3. [PMID: 25475891 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Engeli
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Bidirectional effects of dexmedetomidine on human platelet functions in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 766:122-8. [PMID: 26435028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelets express the imidazoline (I)-receptor, I1 and I2, as well as the α2-adrenoceptor. Although dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist with some affinity for the I-receptor is expected to affect platelet function, the effects of dexmedetomidine on platelet functions remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on human platelet functions in vitro. The effects of dexmedetomidine on platelet aggregation were examined using aggregometers. The formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in platelets was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. In addition, P-selectin expression in platelets was estimated by flow cytometry. We showed that dexmedetomidine enhances platelet aggregation. But in the presence of yohimbine, an α2-antagonist, dexmedetomidine suppressed platelet aggregation. Efaroxan, an I1-antagonist, and methylene blue, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, abolished the suppressive effect of dexmedetomidine, whereas idazoxan, an I2-antagonist, showed no effect. Dexmedetomidine suppressed cAMP formation and enhanced P-selectin expression in platelets, and these effects were inhibited by yohimbine. Dexmedetomidine increased cGMP formation in platelets in the presence of yohimbine, and this increase was suppressed by efaroxan. These results demonstrated that dexmedetomidine has both enhancing and suppressive effects on human platelet functions through its action on the α2-adrenoceptor and on the I1-imidazoline receptor, respectively.
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Tang J, Deng P, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Chen B, Su L, Liu Z. Role of HMGB1 in propofol protection of rat intestinal epithelial cells injured by heat shock. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:262-6. [PMID: 23364923 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gut-derived endotoxin and pathogenic bacteria may be important causative factors of morbidity and death during heat stroke. However, as the key component of intestinal mucosal barrier, the molecular mechanism of how intestinal epithelial cells are injured by heat shock is remains unclear. After rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) had been exposed to heat shock, their viability was measured. Propofol, which plays an important role in anti-inflammation and organ protection, was investigated to see how it affected viability under this stress. Changes of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in IEC-6 cells were measured with RT-PCR and Western blot assay at transcription and translational levels, respectively. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a specific inhibitor of HMGB1 that can inhibit the release of HMGB1 without affecting its intracellular synthesis, was also investigated. Heat shock significantly reduced the intracellular level of HMGB1, and propofol inhibit its reduction. Propofol protected the heat shock-injured cells, at least partly through inhibiting the release of intracellular HMGB1 to reduce the direct or indirect cell damage caused by HMGB1. Pretreatment with high concentrations of EP also attenuated heat-shock injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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8
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Chung HG, Myung SA, Son HS, Kim YH, Namgung J, Cho ML, Choi H, Lim CH. In vitro effect of clinical propofol concentrations on platelet aggregation. Artif Organs 2012; 37:E51-5. [PMID: 23145919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2012.01553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of propofol on platelet aggregation remains unclear, and studies on the subject disagree. Furthermore, although propofol infusions are widely used for general anesthesia and as sedatives for patients in intensive care units, little information is available on its concentration- and time-related effects on platelet aggregation. Here, the authors investigated the in vitro effect of propofol, at concentrations required for sedation and general anesthesia, on platelet aggregation after 1, 2, or 3 h. Blood from healthy volunteers (n = 9) was incubated at propofol plasma concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL in a water bath at 37°C. Platelet aggregation was measured using a platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) after 1, 2, or 3 h of incubation. Times to occlude collagen/epinephrine (CEPI) or collagen/adenosine 5'-diphosphate (CADP)-coated membranes (closure times, CTs) were measured. The CEPI and CADP CTs of non-incubated blood were 125.6 ± 19.5 s and 93.0 ± 12.2 s, respectively, and no significant difference in CEPI CTs was observed at propofol plasma concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL after incubation for 1, 2, or 3 h. CADP CTs were comparable at propofol concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL at each incubation time. These findings suggest that propofol at concentrations required for sedation and general anesthesia has no inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation after 3 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Gyo Chung
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Chang CC, Wang IT, Chen YH, Lin HC. Anesthetic management as a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 205:462.e1-7. [PMID: 21939956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This population-based study aimed to compare the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) for patients who underwent cesarean section delivery (CS) with general vs spinal/epidural anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN We identified 67,328 women who had live singleton births by CS by linking the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Dataset and the national birth certificate registry. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to explore the relationship between anesthetic management type and PPH. RESULTS Women who received general anesthesia had a higher rate of PPH than women who received epidural anesthesia (5.1% vs 0.4%). The odds of PPH in women who had CS with general anesthesia were 8.15 times higher (95% confidence interval, 6.43-10.33) than for those who had CS with epidural anesthesia, after adjustment was made for the maternal and fetal characteristics. CONCLUSION The odds that women will experience cesarean PPH with general anesthesia are approximately 8.15 times higher than for women who undergo CS with epidural anesthesia.
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Sweni S, Meenakshisundaram R, Senthilkumaran S, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P. Propofol’s derivative: A potential drug for erectile dysfunction? Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:668-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tang J, Sun Y, Wu WKK, Zhong T, Liu Y, Xiao J, Tao T, Zhao Z, Gu M. Propofol lowers serum PF4 level and partially corrects hypercoagulopathy in endotoxemic rats. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:1895-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Vasileiou I, Xanthos T, Koudouna E, Perrea D, Klonaris C, Katsargyris A, Papadimitriou L. Propofol: A review of its non-anaesthetic effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 605:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lipcsey M, Söderberg E, Basu S, Larsson A, Sjölin J, Aström M, Eriksson MB. F2-isoprostane, inflammation, cardiac function and oxygenation in the endotoxaemic pig. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:209-17. [PMID: 18387796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are profoundly involved in endotoxaemic shock. Twenty pigs were given endotoxin at various doses (0.063-16 microg kg(-1) h(-1)). Three non-endotoxaemic pigs served as controls. Two eicosanoids were measured in plasma (8-iso-PGF(2alpha), a free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation product, and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) a major metabolite of COX activity) and evaluated against the pathophysiological responses that occur during endotoxaemic shock. Endotoxin mediates an increase in both 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha). An increase in the endotoxin dose induced significant log-linear responses in 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha). Oxidative injury correlated to the TNF-alpha, IL-6, reductions in cardiac performance and to oxygen delivery and utilisation. COX-mediated inflammatory responses correlated to TNF-alpha, IL-6 and to reductions in arterial oxygen tension. Thus, oxidative injury and COX-mediated inflammation play a central role in the manifestation of endotoxaemic shock. Furthermore, formation of these eicosanoids on endotoxin-mediated alterations in pulmonary hypertension, oxygen delivery and oxygen utilisation seems to be independent of the administered endotoxin dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Lipcsey
- Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chung SS, Bae HB, Kim SJ, Jeong CW, Chung HJ, Li M, Kwak SH. Effects of Propofol and Gabexate Mesilate (Foy) on Endotoxin-induced Acute Lung Injury in Rabbit. Chonnam Med J 2008. [DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2008.44.3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Su Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong-Beom Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Cheol-Won Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Mai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Korea
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Effects of propofol on the leukocyte nitric oxide pathway: in vitro and ex vivo studies in surgical patients. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2007; 376:331-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fourcade O, Simon MF, Litt L, Samii K, Chap H. Propofol Inhibits Human Platelet Aggregation Induced by Proinflammatory Lipid Mediators. Anesth Analg 2004; 99:393-8, table of contents. [PMID: 15271713 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000123491.08697.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and thromboxane A(2) are proinflammatory lipid mediators that activate surface receptors on platelets, producing increased intracellular calcium, which is necessary for aggregation. We investigated propofol's effect on platelet aggregation and intracellular calcium mobilization caused by these three agonists. Platelets from human volunteers were incubated in buffers containing LPA (1 microM), U46619 (thromboxane A(2) analog; 1 microM), or PAF (10 nM). Propofol emulsion or 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol without fat emulsion) dissolved in ethanol was added to achieve concentrations of propofol used clinically: 5 or 10 microg/mL. After 2 min, aggregation or intracellular calcium concentrations were measured with optical techniques. Propofol emulsion and propofol in ethanol produced similar inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by LPA, PAF, and U46619 in a dose-dependent fashion. LPA, PAF, and U46619 each caused significant increases in intracellular calcium that were not modified by propofol. Because propofol does not significantly alter intracellular calcium increases caused by receptor activation, inhibition appears to act distal to platelet receptors, inositol phosphate 3, and phospholipase C. Because the three lipid mediators play a key role in inflammation, their inhibition by propofol might be clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fourcade
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Purpan, University of Toulouse, Place du Docteur Baylac, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France.
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Raeder J. Ketamine, revival of a versatile intravenous anaesthetic. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 523:269-77. [PMID: 15088858 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9192-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Raeder
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway
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Dordoni PL, Frassanito L, Bruno MF, Proietti R, de Cristofaro R, Ciabattoni G, Ardito G, Crocchiolo R, Landolfi R, Rocca B. In vivo
and in vitro
effects of different anaesthetics on platelet function. Br J Haematol 2004; 125:79-82. [PMID: 15015973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Different effects of thiopental, propofol and sevoflurane on platelets have been reported. Patients undergoing thyroid surgery were anaesthetized with thiopental-fentanyl-sevoflurane (n = 11) or propofol-fentanyl-sevoflurane (n = 9). Platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 generation were studied at baseline, and at the end of anaesthesia induction and surgery. Dose-response experiments were also performed in vitro with single agents. Thiopental-fentanyl-sevoflurane significantly reduced collagen-induced aggregation by the end of induction, while ADP-induced aggregation and thromboxane generation were unaffected. Propofol-fentanyl-sevoflurane had no effect on platelets. Thiopental dose-dependently inhibited platelets in vitro, while fentanyl or propofol did not. In conclusion, thiopental reduces platelet function both ex vivo and in vitro and propofol might be considered haemostatically safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Lorenza Dordoni
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome Research Center on Pathophysiology of Haemostasis, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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19
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Abstract
This study was undertaken to clarify the effects of propofol on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Rabbits were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Each group received intravenous infusion of saline only, saline and Escherichia coli endotoxin, propofol (1 mg/kg bolus, then 5 mg/kg/hr) and endotoxin, or propofol (4 mg/kg bolus, then 20 mg/kg/hr) and endotoxin respectively. Infusion of saline or propofol was started 0.5 hr before the infusion of saline or endotoxin, and continued for 6 hr thereafter. The lungs of rabbits were ventilated with 40% oxygen. Mean blood pressure, heart rate, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), and peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet count were recorded. The wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio of lung and lung injury score were measured, and analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was done. Endotoxin decreased PaO2, and peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet count. And it increased W/D ratio of lung, lung injury score and leukocyte count, percentage of PMN cells, concentration of albumin, thromboxane B2 and IL-8 in BALF. Propofol attenuated all these changes except the leukocyte count in peripheral blood. In conclusion, propofol attenuated endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rabbits mainly by inhibiting neutrophil and IL-8 responses, which may play a central role in sepsis-related lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hakdong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea. s
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Sato M, Hirakata H, Nakagawa T, Arai K, Fukuda K. Thiamylal and Pentobarbital Have Opposite Effects on Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro. Anesth Analg 2003; 97:1353-1359. [PMID: 14570651 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000085662.20562.f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effects of barbiturates on human platelet function are not fully understood. We designed the present study to clarify the effects of thiamylal and pentobarbital on human platelet aggregation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Human platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, arachidonic acid (AA), and (+)-9,11-epithia-11,12-methano-thromboxane A(2) (STA(2)), measured with an 8-channel light transmission aggregometer, was compared in the absence and presence of thiamylal or pentobarbital. To estimate thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) receptor binding affinity, Scatchard analysis was done using [(3)H]-S145, a specific TXA(2) receptor antagonist. STA(2)-TXA(2) receptor binding assay was also examined. The release of AA was determined in platelets preincubated with [(3)H]-AA and stimulated by ADP, using a liquid scintillation analyzer. Cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was measured in fluo-3/AM-loaded platelets using a fluorometer. Thiamylal enhanced, but pentobarbital suppressed, ADP- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, but they did not affect AA- or STA(2)-induced platelet aggregation. They had no effect on TXA(2) receptor binding affinity. Although thiamylal increased and pentobarbital decreased release of [(3)H]-AA from ADP-stimulated platelets, both barbiturates had no effect on ADP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase. We conclude that thiamylal enhances but pentobarbital suppresses human platelet aggregation in vitro. These effects of barbiturates are mediated by altered AA release without affecting [Ca(2+)](i) increase. IMPLICATIONS Thiamylal enhances but pentobarbital suppresses human platelet aggregation in vitro. These effects are attributed to altered arachidonic acid release from platelets, possibly by the effects of phospholipase A(2), but not secondary to altered cytosolic free calcium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Sato
- Departments of *Anesthesia and †Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto; and ‡Department of Anesthesia, Shizuoka City Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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Burke J, Kraft WK, Greenberg HE, Gleave M, Pitari GM, VanBuren S, Wagner JA, Waldman SA. Relationship of arachidonic acid concentration to cyclooxygenase-dependent human platelet aggregation. J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 43:983-9. [PMID: 12971030 DOI: 10.1177/0091270003257216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of ex vivo arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation is a biomarker for the isotype selectivity of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors since platelets express COX-1 but not COX-2. At low concentrations, there is broad inter- and intrasubject variability in AA-induced aggregation of platelets ex vivo. This study defined a concentration that reliably induces aggregation without overcoming inhibition by therapeutic aspirin therapy (ASA, 81-mg) treatment. Logistic regression analysis of ex vivo aggregation, induced with increasing concentrations of AA in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), estimated that platelets from > or = 90% of subjects would aggregate at > or = 1.5 mM AA (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1, 2.1). A concentration of 1.6 mM AA failed to aggregate platelets from 26 healthy volunteers, who had previously aggregated at this concentration, following six daily oral doses of 81 mg of ASA. These data demonstrate that 1.6 mM AA reproducibly induces platelet aggregation in PRP from healthy volunteers without overcoming the antiplatelet effect of daily low-dose aspirin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Burke
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kitamura R, Hirakata H, Okuda H, Sato M, Toda H, Nakamura K, Hatano Y, Urabe N, Fukuda K. Thiopental enhances human platelet aggregation by increasing arachidonic acid release. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/y01-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effect of thiopental on aggregation and cytosolic calcium levels in platelets. The present study attempted to clarify these phenomena. Using platelet-rich plasma or washed suspensions, platelet aggregation, thromboxane (TX) B2 formation, arachidonic acid (AA) release, and cytosolic free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were measured in the presence or absence of thiopental (30300 µM). Platelet activation was induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 0.515 µM), epinephrine (0.120 µM) arachidonic acid (0.51.5 mM), or (+)-9,11-epithia-11,12-methano-TXA2 (STA2, 30500 nM). Measurements of primary aggregation were performed in the presence of indomethacin (10 µM). Low concentrations of ADP and epinephrine, which did not induce secondary aggregation in a control study, induced strong secondary aggregation in the presence of thiopental ([Formula: see text]100 µM). Thiopental ([Formula: see text]100 µM) also increased the TXB2 formation induced by ADP and epinephrine. Thiopental (300 µM) increased ADP- and epinephrine-induced 3H-AA release. Thiopental (300 µM) also augmented the ADP- and epinephrine-induced increases in [Ca2+]i in the presence of indomethacin. Thiopental appears to enhance ADP- and epinephrine-induced secondary platelet aggregation by increasing AA release during primary aggregation, possibly by the activation of phospholipase A2.Key words: barbiturates, anesthetics, eicosanoids, phospholipase.
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Basu S, Mutschler DK, Larsson AO, Kiiski R, Nordgren A, Eriksson MB. Propofol (Diprivan-EDTA) counteracts oxidative injury and deterioration of the arterial oxygen tension during experimental septic shock. Resuscitation 2001; 50:341-8. [PMID: 11719164 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9572(01)00351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human septic shock can be replicated in the endotoxaemic pig. Endotoxaemia causes a multitude of events, including reduced PaO(2) and increased lipid peroxidation. This study was designed to evaluate the possible effects of a commonly used anaesthetic drug with known antioxidant properties (propofol) during porcine endotoxaemia. METHODS Ten pigs were anaesthetised and given a 6 h E. coli endotoxin infusion. The animals received, randomly, a supplementary continuous infusion of propofol emulsion (containing 0.005% EDTA) or the corresponding volume of vehicle (controls). Pathophysiologic responses were determined. Non-enzymatic (by measuring plasma 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) and enzymatic (by measuring plasma 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha)) lipid peroxidations were evaluated. Plasma levels of the endogenous antioxidants alpha- and gamma-tocopherols, were also analysed. RESULTS Endotoxaemia increased plasma levels of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) (1st-4th h) and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha) (1st-4th h) significantly more in controls than in the propofol+endotoxin group. PaO(2) was significantly less affected by endotoxin in the propofol treated animals (2nd-4th h). Mean arterial pressure (4th-6th h) and systemic vascular resistance (6th h) were reduced significantly more by endotoxin among the propofol-treated animals. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) increased in all animals, significantly more in the propofol+endotoxin group (1/2-6th h) than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Propofol reduced endotoxin-induced free radical mediated and cyclooxygenase catalysed lipid peroxidation significantly. The implication is that propofol counteracts endotoxin-induced deterioration of PaO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Basu
- Department of Geriatrics and Clinical Nutrition Research, Uppsala University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Law NL, Ng KF, Irwin MG, Man JS. Comparison of coagulation and blood loss during anaesthesia with inhaled isoflurane or intravenous propofol. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86:94-8. [PMID: 11575418 DOI: 10.1093/bja/86.1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol has been reported to affect blood coagulation. This prospective, randomized study compared coagulation and blood loss during anaesthetic maintenance with target-controlled intravenous propofol infusion vs. inhaled isoflurane. Thirty-eight ASA I-III patients undergoing head and neck surgery were allocated randomly to receive either inhaled isoflurane at end-tidal concentration 1-1.5% (group I, n=20) or target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol at target concentration 2-5 microg ml(-1) (group P, n=18). Thrombelastography on recalcified whole blood was performed pre-induction, and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min post-induction and 30 min after anaesthesia in both groups. Blood loss was estimated from weighing swabs and the volume in suction bottles. Induced hypotension was not used, and perioperative body temperature was similar between groups. There were no significant differences in thrombelastographic coagulation (R-time, K-time, maximum amplitude and angle) or fibrinolytic variables (lysis index at 30 and 60 min) at all times between groups. Total blood loss was also not significantly different (median group I: 350 ml, range 20-1200 ml; group P: 200 ml, range 50-800 ml). Shortening of R-time and widening of angle developed over time in both groups (P<0.05 groups I and P, repeated measures ANOVA). We conclude that maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol TCI at 2-5 microg ml(-1) does not cause detectable coagulation changes on thrombelastography nor increase surgical blood loss when compared to inhaled isoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Law
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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