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Giménez-Garzó C, Urios A, Agustí A, Mangas-Losada A, García-García R, Escudero-García D, Kosenko E, Ordoño JF, Tosca J, Giner-Durán R, Serra MA, Felipo V, Montoliu C. Cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy have increased capacity to eliminate superoxide and peroxynitrite in lymphocytes, associated with cognitive impairment. Free Radic Res 2017; 52:118-133. [PMID: 29262736 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1420183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) show increased oxidative stress in blood. We aimed to assess whether MHE patients show alterations in different types of blood cells in (a) basal reactive oxygen and nitrogen species levels; (b) capacity to metabolise these species. To assess the mechanisms involved in the altered capacity to metabolise these species we also analysed: (c) peroxynitrite formation and d) peroxynitrite reaction with biological molecules. Levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were measured by flow cytometry in blood cell populations from cirrhotic patients with and without MHE and controls, under basal conditions and after adding generators of superoxide (plumbagin) or nitric oxide (NOR-1) to assess the capacity to eliminate them. Under basal conditions, MHE patients show reduced superoxide and peroxynitrite levels and increased nitric oxide (NO) and nitrotyrosine levels. In patients without MHE plumbagin strongly increases cellular superoxide, moderately peroxynitrite and reduces NO levels. In MHE patients, plumbagin increases slightly superoxide and strongly peroxynitrite levels and affects slightly NO levels. NOR-1 increases NO levels much less in patients with than without MHE. These data show that the mechanisms and the capacity to eliminate cellular superoxide, NO and peroxynitrite are enhanced in MHE patients. Superoxide elimination is enhanced through reaction with NO to form peroxynitrite which, in turn, is eliminated by enhanced reaction with biological molecules, which could contribute to cognitive impairment in MHE. The data show that basal free radical levels do not reflect the oxidative stress status in MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Giménez-Garzó
- a Laboratory of Neurobiology , Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Amparo Urios
- a Laboratory of Neurobiology , Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia , Valencia , Spain.,b Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA , Valencia , Spain
| | - Ana Agustí
- b Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA , Valencia , Spain
| | - Alba Mangas-Losada
- b Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA , Valencia , Spain
| | - Raquel García-García
- a Laboratory of Neurobiology , Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Desamparados Escudero-García
- c Unidad de Digestivo, Hospital Clínico de Valencia , Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Elena Kosenko
- d Laboratory of Modeling and Bioinformatics , Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino , Russia
| | - Juan Fermín Ordoño
- e Servicio Neurofisiología , Hospital Arnau de Vilanova , Valencia , Spain.,f Psychopatology and Neurophysiology Unit , Paterna Mental Health Center, CIBERSAM , Valencia , Spain
| | - Joan Tosca
- c Unidad de Digestivo, Hospital Clínico de Valencia , Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | | | - Miguel Angel Serra
- c Unidad de Digestivo, Hospital Clínico de Valencia , Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- a Laboratory of Neurobiology , Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- b Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-INCLIVA , Valencia , Spain.,h Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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Balaguer S, Diaz L, Gomes A, Herrera G, O'Connor JE, Urios A, Felipo V, Montoliu C. Real-time cytometric assay of nitric oxide and superoxide interaction in peripheral blood monocytes: A no-wash, no-lyse kinetic method. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2015; 92:211-217. [PMID: 25758468 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) and its related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial in monocyte responses against pathogens and also in inflammatory conditions. Central to both processes is the generation of the strong oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO) by a fast reaction between NO and superoxide anion. ONOO is a biochemical junction for ROS- and RNS cytotoxicity and causes protein nitrosylation. Circulating by-products of protein nitrosylation are early biomarkers of inflammation-based conditions, including minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients (Montoliu et al., Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106:1629-1637). In this context, we have designed a novel no-wash, no-lyse real-time flow cytometry assay to detect and follow-up the NO- and superoxide-driven generation of ONOO in peripheral blood monocytes. METHODS Whole blood samples were stained with CD45 and CD14 antibodies plus one of a series of fluorescent probes sensitive to RNS, ROS, or glutathione, namely 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate, dihydrorhodamine 123, MitoSOX Red, dihydroethidium, and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate. Samples were exposed sequentially to a NO donor and three different superoxide donors, and analyzed in real time by kinetic flow cytometry. Relevant kinetic descriptors, such as the rate of fluorescence change, were calculated from the kinetic plot. RESULTS The generation of ONOO, which consumes both NO and superoxide, led to a decrease in the intensity of the cellular fluorescence of the probes sensitive to these molecules. CONCLUSION This is a fast and simple assay that may be used to monitor the intracellular generation of ONOO in physiological, pathological, and pharmacological contexts. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Balaguer
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Mix Research Unit, Universidad De Valencia and Centro De Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Diaz
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Mix Research Unit, Universidad De Valencia and Centro De Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angela Gomes
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Mix Research Unit, Universidad De Valencia and Centro De Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Herrera
- Fundacion Investigacion Hospital Clınico Universitario De Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Enrique O'Connor
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Mix Research Unit, Universidad De Valencia and Centro De Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Urios
- Fundacion Investigacion Hospital Clınico Universitario De Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro De Investigación Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Fundacion Investigacion Hospital Clınico Universitario De Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Nishiyama K, Azuma YT, Shintaku K, Yoshida N, Nakajima H, Takeuchi T. Evidence that Nitric Oxide Is a Non-Adrenergic Non-Cholinergic Inhibitory Neurotransmitter in the Circular Muscle of the Mouse Distal Colon: A Study on the Mechanism of Nitric Oxide-Induced Relaxation. Pharmacology 2014; 94:99-108. [DOI: 10.1159/000363191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Leavesley HB, Li L, Mukhopadhyay S, Borowitz JL, Isom GE. Nitrite-mediated antagonism of cyanide inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in dopamine neurons. Toxicol Sci 2010; 115:569-76. [PMID: 20335280 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide inhibits aerobic metabolism by binding to the binuclear heme center of cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX). Amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite (NaNO(2)) antagonize cyanide toxicity in part by oxidizing hemoglobin to methemoglobin (mHb), which then scavenges cyanide. mHb generation is thought to be a primary mechanism by which the NO(2)(-) ion antagonizes cyanide. On the other hand, NO(2)(-) can undergo biotransformation to generate nitric oxide (NO), which may then directly antagonize cyanide inhibition of CcOX. In this study, nitrite-mediated antagonism of cyanide inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation was examined in rat dopaminergic N27 cells. NaNO(2) produced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in whole-cell and mitochondrial levels of NO. The NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxy 3-oxide (PTIO) reversed this increase in cellular and mitochondrial NO. NO generated from NaNO(2) decreased cellular oxygen consumption and inhibited CcOX activity. PTIO reversed the NO-mediated inhibition, thus providing strong evidence that NO mediates the action of NaNO(2). Under similar conditions, KCN (20muM) inhibited cellular state-3 oxygen consumption and CcOX activity. Pretreatment with NaNO(2) reversed KCN-mediated inhibition of both oxygen consumption and CcOX activity. The NaNO(2) antagonism of cyanide was blocked by pretreatment with the NO scavenger PTIO. It was concluded that NaNO(2) antagonizes cyanide inhibition of CcOX by generating of NO, which then interacts directly with the binding of KCN x CcOX to reverse the toxicity. In vivo antagonism of cyanide by NO(2)(-) appears to be due to both generation of mHb and direct displacement of cyanide from CcOX by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Leavesley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1333, USA
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Fang YI, Hatori Y, Ohata H, Honda K. Nitrogen oxide air pollutants interfere with the measurement of nitric oxide using 2,3-diaminonaphthalene: Reduction of background interference. Anal Biochem 2009; 393:132-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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