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Trushina NI, Bakota L, Mulkidjanian AY, Brandt R. The Evolution of Tau Phosphorylation and Interactions. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:256. [PMID: 31619983 PMCID: PMC6759874 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that is involved in the regulation of axonal microtubule assembly. However, as a protein with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), tau also interacts with many other partners in addition to microtubules. Phosphorylation at selected sites modulates tau's various intracellular interactions and regulates the properties of IDRs. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies, tau exhibits pathologically increased phosphorylation (hyperphosphorylation) at selected sites and aggregates into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). By bioinformatics means, we tested the hypothesis that the sequence of tau has changed during the vertebrate evolution in a way that novel interactions developed and also the phosphorylation pattern was affected, which made tau prone to the development of tauopathies. We report that distinct regions of tau show functional specialization in their molecular interactions. We found that tau's amino-terminal region, which is involved in biological processes related to "membrane organization" and "regulation of apoptosis," exhibited a strong evolutionary increase in protein disorder providing the basis for the development of novel interactions. We observed that the predicted phosphorylation sites have changed during evolution in a region-specific manner, and in some cases the overall number of phosphorylation sites increased owing to the formation of clusters of phosphorylatable residues. In contrast, disease-specific hyperphosphorylated sites remained highly conserved. The data indicate that novel, non-microtubule related tau interactions developed during evolution and suggest that the biological processes, which are mediated by these interactions, are of pathological relevance. Furthermore, the data indicate that predicted phosphorylation sites in some regions of tau, including a cluster of phosphorylatable residues in the alternatively spliced exon 2, have changed during evolution. In view of the "antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis" it may be worth to take disease-associated phosphosites with low evolutionary conservation as relevant biomarkers into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Armen Y Mulkidjanian
- Department of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Ontiveros-Torres MÁ, Labra-Barrios ML, Díaz-Cintra S, Aguilar-Vázquez AR, Moreno-Campuzano S, Flores-Rodríguez P, Luna-Herrera C, Mena R, Perry G, Florán-Garduño B, Luna-Muñoz J, Luna-Arias JP. Fibrillar Amyloid-β Accumulation Triggers an Inflammatory Mechanism Leading to Hyperphosphorylation of the Carboxyl-Terminal End of Tau Polypeptide in the Hippocampal Formation of the 3×Tg-AD Transgenic Mouse. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:243-69. [PMID: 27031470 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative and irreversible disorder whose progressiveness is dependent on age. It is histopathologically characterized by the massive accumulation of insoluble forms of tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) asneurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques, respectively. Many studies have documented that these two polypeptides suffer several posttranslational modifications employing postmortem tissue sections from brains of patients with AD. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the posttranslational modifications of key players in this disease, including Aβ and tau, several transgenic mouse models have been developed. One of these models is the 3×Tg-AD transgenic mouse, carrying three transgenes encoding APPSWE, S1M146V, and TauP301L proteins. To further characterize this transgenicmouse, we determined the accumulation of fibrillar Aβ as a function of age in relation to the hyperphosphorylation patterns of TauP301L at both its N- and C-terminus in the hippocampal formation by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Moreover, we searched for the expression of activated protein kinases and mediators of inflammation by western blot of wholeprotein extracts from hippocampal tissue sections since 3 to 28 months as well. Our results indicate that the presence of fibrillar Aβ deposits correlates with a significant activation of astrocytes and microglia in subiculum and CA1 regions of hippocampus. Accordingly, we also observed a significant increase in the expression of TNF-α associated to neuritic plaques and glial cells. Importantly, there is an overexpression of the stress activated protein kinases SAPK/JNK and Cdk-5 in pyramidal neurons, which might phosphorylate several residues at the C-terminus of TauP301L. Therefore, the accumulation of Aβ oligomers results in an inflammatory environment that upregulates kinases involved in hyperphosphorylation of TauP301L polypeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Ontiveros-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Luisa Labra-Barrios
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sofía Díaz-Cintra
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro., México
| | | | - Samadhi Moreno-Campuzano
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Paola Flores-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México.,Present address: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Dgo., México
| | - Claudia Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raúl Mena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Benjamín Florán-Garduño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Luna-Muñoz
- Banco Nacional de Cerebros, Laboratorio Nacional de Servicios Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Pedro Luna-Arias
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
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Gratuze M, Noël A, Julien C, Cisbani G, Milot-Rousseau P, Morin F, Dickler M, Goupil C, Bezeau F, Poitras I, Bissonnette S, Whittington RA, Hébert SS, Cicchetti F, Parker JA, Samadi P, Planel E. Tau hyperphosphorylation and deregulation of calcineurin in mouse models of Huntington's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:86-99. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Bullmann T, Holzer M, Mori H, Arendt T. Pattern of tau isoforms expression during development
in vivo. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 27:591-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bullmann
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain ResearchDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of NeurodegenerationUniversity of LeipzigJahnallee 5904019LeipzigGermany
| | - Max Holzer
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain ResearchDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of NeurodegenerationUniversity of LeipzigJahnallee 5904019LeipzigGermany
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of NeuroscienceGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City University1‐4‐3 AsahimachiAbenoku545‐8585OsakaJapan
| | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain ResearchDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of NeurodegenerationUniversity of LeipzigJahnallee 5904019LeipzigGermany
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Abstract
The prevalence of dementia dramatically increases during ageing, and this puts a serious strain on the optimism brought by the continuous increase in life expectancy observed in most industrialised countries. Diseases that produce dementia are numerous, and the cognitive deficit results from lesions of various regions and from different mechanisms. This modulates the possible prediction, prevention and cure of dementia. Emphasis is put on the necessity of, and prerequisite for, efficient research in the field of dementia. Three paradigmatic dementing disorders are reviewed. Subacute spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases) constitute a biological enigma and a public health concern. In Alzheimer's disease and vascular or mixed dementia, the clinical diagnosis is still imperfect, and this hinders research. Distinguishing and accurately identifying the various types of dementia is essential for understanding their mechanism and for developing efficient therapeutic strategies, preventive and curative. For such objectives, the study of human brain tissue will remain mandatory until non-invasive markers and additional models are available. Ethical reasons banish the use of cerebral biopsy and favour the promotion of autopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Hauw
- Université Paris-6, Académie de médecine, Raymond-Escourolle Neuropathology Laboratory, centre hospitalo-universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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