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Chong SW, Korzh V, Jiang YJ. Myogenesis and molecules - insights from zebrafish Danio rerio. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 74:1693-1755. [PMID: 20735668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Myogenesis is a fundamental process governing the formation of muscle in multicellular organisms. Recent studies in zebrafish Danio rerio have described the molecular events occurring during embryonic morphogenesis and have thus greatly clarified this process, helping to distinguish between the events that give rise to fast v. slow muscle. Coupled with the well-known Hedgehog signalling cascade and a wide variety of cellular processes during early development, the continual research on D. rerio slow muscle precursors has provided novel insights into their cellular behaviours in this organism. Similarly, analyses on fast muscle precursors have provided knowledge of the behaviour of a sub-set of epitheloid cells residing in the anterior domain of somites. Additionally, the findings by various groups on the roles of several molecules in somitic myogenesis have been clarified in the past year. In this study, the authors briefly review the current trends in the field of research of D. rerio trunk myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Chong
- Laboratory of Developmental Signalling and Patterning, Genes and Development Division, A STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Peng J, Chen L, Cheng J, Nie S, Feng T, Zhao G, Zhao J, Shi X. Short communication: SDF1-3'A gene mutation is correlated with increased susceptibility to HIV type 1 infection by sexual transmission in Han Chinese. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008; 24:1341-5. [PMID: 18928397 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2008.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited information is available on host genetic polymorphisms that confer resistance to HIV-1 infection in Han Chinese who persistently remain seronegative (HEPS) despite high exposure to HIV-1 through unprotected sexual activity with known HIV-1-seropositive spouses or long-term sexual partners. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of CCR5-Delta32, CCR2b-64I, and SDF1-3'A polymorphisms with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection through sexual transmission in Han Chinese. A cross-sectional study was used to analyze the differences in allelic frequencies of CCR5-Delta32, CCR2b-64I, and SDF1-3'A among HEPS, healthy HIV-unexposed individuals, and HIV-1-seropositive individuals. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used for genotype determination. The CCR5-Delta32 mutation was not detected in the three groups (n = 260). The allelic frequencies of CCR2b-64I were 21.57%, 21.63%, and 22.12% in the three groups, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three groups in CCR2b-64I distribution. The allelic frequencies of SDF1-3'A were 20.19%, 28.37%, and 29.33% in the three groups, respectively. There was a significant difference in the allelic distribution of SDF1-3'A between HEPS and healthy HIV-unexposed individuals (p = 0.023), as well as between HEPS and HIV-1-seropositive individuals (p = 0.049). Statistical analysis showed that the allelic distributions on CCR2b-64I and SDF1-3'A were in equilibrium according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation. The mutant genotypes of CCR5-Delta32 and CCR2b-64I were not correlated with HIV-1 infection through sexual transmission in Han Chinese. SDF1- 3'A was associated with a high risk of HIV-1 infection through sexual transmission in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Peng
- Shenzhen Municipal Chronic Disease Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaofa Nie
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiejian Feng
- Shenzhen Municipal Chronic Disease Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanglu Zhao
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangdong Shi
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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Reiche EMV, Watanabe MAE, Bonametti AM, Morimoto HK, Morimoto AA, Wiechmann SL, Matsuo T, Miranda HC, Reiche FV, Oliveira KB. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) genetic polymorphism in a sample of healthy individuals, seronegative individuals exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and patients infected with HIV-1 from the Brazilian population. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 33:127-33. [PMID: 16611258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2006.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of viral and host factors is believed to determine not only the risk for initial human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition but also the course of the infection. Genetic polymorphisms in the chemokine receptors and their ligands were related to the susceptibility and resistance to HIV-1 infection. A polymorphism in the conserved 3' untranslated region of the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) gene, which encodes a ligand of the CXCR4 receptor, has been related either to delayed progression to AIDS or to rapid disease progression and death. Global, regional, and ethnic distributions of frequencies of SDF1 genotypes and of the SDF1-3'A allele vary significantly. Although the HIV-1 epidemic is increasing in Brazil, little information about the frequencies of host genetic mutations related to HIV/AIDS resistance in the Brazilian population has been reported. To address this question, this study was carried out in order to determine the frequencies of the SDF1 polymorphism and the SDF1-3'A allele on 1061 genomic DNA samples purified from peripheral blood cells of 136 healthy individuals (group 1), 147 HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals (group 2), 161 HIV-1-infected asymptomatic individuals and with CD4(+) T-cells count 350 mm(-3) (group 3), and 617 HIV-1-infected individuals with AIDS and/or CD4(+) T-cells count < 350 mm(-3) (group 4). The frequencies of the SDF1-3'A homozygous mutation were 3.7%, 6.1%, 4.3%, and 5.3% among groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P = 0.5120). The overall frequency of the SDF1-3'A allele was 0. 1984 and did not differ among the four groups (P = 0.2744). The results underscore the global distribution of the SDF1 polymorphism and the hypothesis that the SDF1-3'A allele, itself, may not be sufficient to prevent the risk of HIV-1 infection and may be not related to the progression of the disease in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M V Reiche
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Avenue Robert Koch, 60 Vila Operária, CEP 86038-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Nookhai S, Ruxrungtham K, Phanuphak P, Oelrichs R. Prevalence of CCR2-64I, SDF1-3'A and CCR5-Delta32 alleles in healthy Thais. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 2000; 27:153-7. [PMID: 10940085 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.2000.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A genetic survey was performed of 200 healthy Thai blood donors for the frequency of three alleles that influence susceptibility to HIV infection and the rate of progression to HIV disease. The CCR5-Delta32 allele was not detected in this population. The CCR2-64I allele was detected at a frequency similar to that found in other Asian populations (15.7%). SDF1-3'A was detected at 33.2%, supporting a cline of increasing frequency of this allele from African and Caucasian to Asian (particularly Australasian) populations. These results have implications for the role of host genetic background in the biology and pathology of HIV in Thailand, and indicate that a systematic survey of non-Caucasian populations may reveal novel alleles important in HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nookhai
- Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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