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Yang Z, Li A, Roske C, Alexander N, Gabbay V. Personality traits as predictors of depression across the lifespan. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:274-283. [PMID: 38537757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major public health concern. A barrier for research has been the heterogeneous nature of depression, complicated by the categorical diagnosis of depression which is based on a cluster of symptoms, each with its own etiology. To address the multifactorial etiology of depression and its high comorbidity with anxiety, we aimed to examine the relations between personality traits, diverse behavioral, cognitive and physical measures, and depression and anxiety over the lifespan. METHOD Our sample was drawn from the NKI-RS, a community-based lifespan sample (N = 1494 participants aged 6 to 85). Analyses included multivariate approach and general linear models for group comparisons and dimensional analyses, respectively. A machine learning model was trained to predict depression using many factors including personality traits. RESULTS Depression and anxiety were both characterized by increased neuroticism and introversion, but did not differ between themselves. Comorbidity had an additive effect on personality vulnerability. Dimensionally, depression was only associated with personality in adolescence, where it was positively correlated with neuroticism, and negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The relationship between anxiety and personality changed over time, with neuroticism and conscientiousness being the most salient traits. Our machine learning model predicted depression with 70 % accuracy with neuroticism and extraversion contributing most. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional design, conclusions cannot be drawn about causal relationships between personality and depression. CONCLUSION These results underscore the impact of personality on depressive disorders and provide novel insights on how personality contributes to depression across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Allison Li
- Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Chloe Roske
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nolan Alexander
- Department of Systems Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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2
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Plachti A, Baaré WFC, Johansen LB, Thompson WK, Siebner HR, Madsen KS. Stability of associations between neuroticism and microstructural asymmetry of the cingulum during late childhood and adolescence: Insights from a longitudinal study with up to 11 waves. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1548-1564. [PMID: 36426846 PMCID: PMC9921236 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by significant brain development and marks a period of the life span with an increased incidence of mood disorders, especially in females. The risk of developing mood disorders is also higher in individuals scoring high on neuroticism, a personality trait characterized by a tendency to experience negative and anxious emotions. We previously found in a cross-sectional study that neuroticism is associated with microstructural left-right asymmetry of the fronto-limbic white matter involved in emotional processing, with opposite effects in female and male adolescents. We now have extended this work collecting longitudinal data in 76 typically developing children and adolescents aged 7-18 years, including repeated MRI sampling up to 11 times. This enabled us, for the first time, to address the critical question, whether the association between neuroticism and frontal-limbic white matter asymmetry changes or remains stable across late childhood and adolescence. Neuroticism was assessed up to four times and showed good intraindividual stability and did not significantly change with age. Conforming our cross-sectional results, females scoring high on neuroticism displayed increased left-right cingulum fractional anisotropy (FA), while males showed decreased left-right cingulum FA asymmetry. Despite ongoing age-related increases in FA in cingulum, the association between neuroticism and cingulum FA asymmetry was already expressed in females in late childhood and remained stable across adolescence. In males, the association appeared to become more prominent during adolescence. Future longitudinal studies need to cover an earlier age span to elucidate the time point at which the relationship between neuroticism and cingulum FA asymmetry arises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Plachti
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Baruël Johansen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Department of Radiology and Division of Biostatistics, Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California San Diego, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Simpson SD, Bedwell JS. Big Five Aspect Personality Scales and social anxiety severity in a nonpsychiatric sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Tao Y, Liu X, Hou W, Niu H, Wang S, Ma Z, Bi D, Zhang L. The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies in the Relationship Between Big Five Personality Traits and Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese Firefighters. Front Public Health 2022; 10:901686. [PMID: 35719646 PMCID: PMC9205204 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.901686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of protective factors to prevent firefighters' anxiety and depression is meaningful. We explored whether emotion-regulation strategies mediate the relationship between personality traits and anxiety and depression among Chinese firefighters. Approximately, 716 Chinese firefighters were recruited and completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Big Five Inventory−2 (BFI-2) Scale. Results (N = 622) indicated that only negative emotionality traits could predict anxiety symptoms. Meanwhile, the multilevel mediation effect analyses showed that conscientiousness through cognitive reappraisal could reduce anxiety and depression symptoms in Chinese firefighters. Our findings clarify Chinese firefighters' underlying emotion-regulation process between personality traits and anxiety and depression. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Tao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Hou
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqun Niu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujian Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Bi
- Yichun 1st High School, Yichun, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
- Student Mental Health Education Center Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Zhang
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5
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Examining Whether Social Anxiety Influences Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2021.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResearch investigating social anxiety and the impacts on romantic relationships remains scarce. An online questionnaire examining romantic relationship status, social anxiety and depression symptomology, relationship satisfaction, and several relationship processes was completed by 444 adults. Individuals with higher social anxiety were less likely to be in romantic relationships. For the 188 adults in our sample in current relationships, relationship satisfaction was not influenced by social anxiety when controlling for depression. Although it was proposed that self-disclosure, social support, trust, and conflict initiation might influence romantic relationship satisfaction, none of these mechanisms interacted with social anxiety to explain additional variance in relationship satisfaction. These findings indicate that depression symptomology may be a treatment target for socially anxious individuals wishing to improve romantic relationship satisfaction.
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6
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Brooke CM, Intrieri RC. The influence of anxiety sensitivity, & personality on social anxiety symptoms. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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March-Luján VA, Prado-Gascó V, Huguet JM, Cortés X, Arquiola JMP, Capilla-Igual M, Josefa-Rodríguez-Morales M, Monzó-Gallego A, Armero JLP, Ortí JEDLR. Impact of BMGIM Music Therapy on Emotional State in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1591. [PMID: 33918724 PMCID: PMC8069074 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high prevalence of emotional disturbances which worsen the symptoms of the disease. As a therapeutic alternative that is part of a comprehensive care alongside medication, the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (BMGIM) music-assisted therapy has achieved promising emotional improvements in patients with chronic diseases. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of a treatment based on a BMGIM group adaptation on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and their emotional state, therefore analyzing state of mind, quality of life, anxiety, depression, immunocompetence as a marker of well-being, and levels of acute and chronic stress. METHODS Longitudinal, prospective, quantitative, and experimental study including 43 patients with IBD divided into an intervention group (22 patients), who received eight sessions over eight weeks, and a control group (21 patients). A saliva sample was taken from each patient before and after each session in order to determine cortisol and IgA levels. Similarly, a hair sample was taken before the first and after the last session to determine the cumulative cortisol level. All molecules were quantified using the ELISA immunoassay technique. In addition, patients completed several emotional state questionnaires: HADS, MOOD, and CCVEII. RESULTS An improvement was observed in the following states of mind: sadness, fear, anger, and depression. No significant effect was observed in state of mind in terms of happiness or anxiety, in the levels of cortisol in hair, and in patients' perceived quality of life. A reduction in cortisol was observed in saliva, although this did not significantly affect the IgA titer. CONCLUSIONS BMGIM seems to improve the emotional state of patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Alejandro March-Luján
- Department of Teaching and Learning of Physical, Plastic and Musical Education, Catholic University San Vicente Martir, 46110 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Prado-Gascó
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - José María Huguet
- Digestive Disease Department, General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.H.); (A.M.-G.)
| | - Xavier Cortés
- Digestive Disease Department, Hospital of Sagunto, 46520 Valencia, Spain; (X.C.); (M.J.-R.-M.)
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Capilla-Igual
- Research Foundation of the General Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Monzó-Gallego
- Digestive Disease Department, General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (J.M.H.); (A.M.-G.)
| | - José Luis Platero Armero
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University San Vicente Martir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.P.A.); (J.E.d.l.R.O.)
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8
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Harkness KL, Michael Bagby R, Joffe RT, Levitt A. Major depression, chronic minor depression, and the five‐factor model of personality. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fifty‐eight outpatients with major depression completed the NEO Personality Inventory at intake (time 1) and after up to three months of anti‐depressant treatment (time 2). Within this group, 26 patients met additional Research Diagnostic Criteria for chronic minor depression. Repeated‐measures analyses revealed significant decreases in Neuroticism scores, and significant increases in Extraversion and Conscientiousness scores, from time 1 to time 2 for both patient groups. In addition, despite similar symptom severity at time 2, the patients with major depression+chronic minor depression scored significantly higher on the Angry Hostility facet of Neuroticism and significantly lower on Agreeableness than those with major depression alone. We suggest from these findings that Angry Hostility and low Agreeableness may represent a trait vulnerability in individuals with chronic minor depression that persists even following remission of the major depressive state, and that this may help to explain their high rates of relapse and recurrence. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Michael Bagby
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Canada
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Kelman J, Thacher A, Hossepian K, Pearlstein J, Geraghty S, Cosgrove VE. Personality and pediatric bipolar disorder: Toward personalizing psychosocial intervention. J Affect Disord 2020; 275:311-318. [PMID: 32734924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that challenging temperament characteristics (i.e., low mood, irritability and rigidity) are associated with risk for the development of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD). This study aimed to investigate the connection between PBD and discrete dimensions of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. METHODS Youth diagnosed with PBD I, II, or NOS, at high risk for the disorder (BD-HR) and healthy controls were recruited from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic at Stanford University School of Medicine. Researchers administered a personality inventory and evaluated current mood state. RESULTS BD and BD-HR youth scored lower in Emotional Regulation than did HC youth (F (3, 70) = 10.75, p < .001). Within the BD and BD-HR groups, youth with high depression scores scored lower on Extraversion (F (3, 70) = 8.62, p < .001) and Conscientiousness (F (3, 70) = 4.53, p < .01). LIMITATIONS A major limitation of this study is its cross-sectional design, precluding analysis of whether certain traits or clusters of traits predict PBD or other mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS Low Emotional Regulation, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness were associated with PBD; this personality profile clinically corresponds with youth diagnosed with PBD who present with difficulty regulating their emotions, vulnerability to stress, and emotional reactivity. Future research examining personality characteristics in PBD may elucidate further a specific profile to aid clinicians in developing psychosocial interventions for youth with and at high risk of developing PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Kelman
- Prevention and Intervention Laboratory, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94304, United States; Menlo College, Atherton, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Thacher
- Prevention and Intervention Laboratory, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94304, United States.
| | - Kristene Hossepian
- Prevention and Intervention Laboratory, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94304, United States
| | - Jennifer Pearlstein
- Prevention and Intervention Laboratory, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94304, United States; University of California Berkeley, United States
| | - Shauna Geraghty
- Prevention and Intervention Laboratory, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94304, United States
| | - Victoria E Cosgrove
- Prevention and Intervention Laboratory, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94304, United States
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Scheuringer A, Lundin C, Derntl B, Pletzer B, Sundström Poromaa I. Use of an estradiol-based combined oral contraceptives has no influence on attentional bias or depressive symptoms in healthy women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 113:104544. [PMID: 31855680 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use is associated with small, albeit significant, increases in mental symptom scores, predominantly irritability, depressed mood, and anxiety. Yet, randomized prospective trials are needed to better characterize the women at risk for COC-induced negative mood change. Thus, the primary aim of this sub-study to a placebo-controlled randomized trial was to determine whether COC use influences emotional interference by negative and positive stimuli. Secondly, we wanted to evaluate what factors would predict depressive symptoms at the end of the trial, taking personality factors, history of mental disorders and other demographic factors into account. Sixty-nine women were included, randomized to three cycles of treatment with a COC (1.5 mg estradiol and 2.5 mg nomegestrolacetate) or placebo. An emotional verbal Stroop task was used to measure interference of emotional stimuli, in which participants were asked to only name the color of a presented word, while ignoring the meaning of the word. Four different word categories were used; neutral, positive, depression, and anxiety. For the second aim of the study, rating on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale during the final days of the trial was used as outcome. We found no interaction between emotional verbal Stroop word category and treatment, indicating that COC treatment did not evoke any differences in emotional interference to the three word categories. Significant predictors for depressive symptoms at the end of the trial were trait anxiety at baseline and prior adverse mood effects by hormonal contraceptive use. Treatment (i.e. whether women had been treated with the COC or placebo) did not play a role in predicting depression scores at the end of the trial. In conclusion, we found no evidence that combined oral contraceptive use is associated with impaired cognitive-emotional processing. Instead, the main predictors of self-rated depression at the end of the trial were baseline trait anxiety and previous mental symptoms during hormonal contraceptive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scheuringer
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cecilia Lundin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Lead Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Belinda Pletzer
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr 34, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
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11
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Axfors C, Eckerdal P, Volgsten H, Wikström AK, Ekselius L, Ramklint M, Sundström Poromaa I, Skalkidou A. Investigating the association between neuroticism and adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15470. [PMID: 31664086 PMCID: PMC6820798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism is not only associated with affective disorders but also with certain somatic health problems. However, studies assessing whether neuroticism is associated with adverse obstetric or neonatal outcomes are scarce. This observational study comprises first-time mothers (n = 1969) with singleton pregnancies from several cohorts based in Uppsala, Sweden. To assess neuroticism-related personality, the Swedish universities Scales of Personality was used. Swedish national health registers were used to extract outcomes and confounders. In logistic regression models, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the outcomes by an increase of 63 units of neuroticism (equalling the interquartile range). Analyses were adjusted for maternal age, educational level, height, body mass index, year of delivery, smoking during pregnancy, involuntary childlessness, and psychiatric morbidity. Main outcomes were mode of delivery, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, induction of delivery, prolonged delivery, severe lacerations, placental retention, postpartum haemorrhage, premature birth, infant born small or large for gestational age, and Apgar score. Neuroticism was not independently associated with adverse obstetric or neonatal outcomes besides gestational diabetes. For future studies, models examining sub-components of neuroticism or pregnancy-specific anxiety are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Axfors
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patricia Eckerdal
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Helena Volgsten
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Wikström
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ekselius
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Ramklint
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Chen J, Lin ZN, Tao YT, Zhao QN, Li Q, Yang H, Xu P, Chen JM, Ma XQ, Cui HP. Influences of personality characteristics and coping modes on anxiety in primary glaucoma patients. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1163-1169. [PMID: 31341809 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.07.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the influences of personality characteristics and coping modes on the anxiety of primary glaucoma patients. METHODS A total of 200 individuals, including 50 with primary angle-closure glaucoma, 60 with primary open angle glaucoma and 90 control participants, filled out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Sociodemographic information was also collected. Data were analyzed via the Spearman rank correlation test and stepwise regression. RESULTS The personality and coping variables are predictive and jointly account for a significant amount (45.3%-54.2%) of variance across the two subscales of anxiety measures. Notably, neuroticism seems to be most closely related to anxiety disturbances in glaucoma patients. The level of resignation is positively linked to anxiety scores. CONCLUSION Some personality factors and coping modes help to predict the process of anxiety disorders in primary glaucoma patients. Recognizing the predictive role of these variables in the patients may further enrich clinical research in glaucoma and help to design more effective interventions involving both ophthalmology and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ze-Nan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72074, Germany
| | - Yan-Ting Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Qing-Ning Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jian-Mei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xi-Quan Ma
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hong-Ping Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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Roman M, Bostan CM, Diaconu-Gherasim LR, Constantin T. Personality Traits and Postnatal Depression: The Mediated Role of Postnatal Anxiety and Moderated Role of Type of Birth. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1625. [PMID: 31354598 PMCID: PMC6639766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how personality traits are related to postnatal depression 2 weeks after giving birth and whether these relations are mediated by postnatal anxiety, measured after 3–4 days after giving birth and moderated by the type of birth. New mothers (N = 672, Mage = 29.33) completed scales assessing their personality traits, postnatal anxiety, and postnatal depression 3 or 4 days after giving birth (T1). They also reported postnatal depression 2 weeks after giving birth (T2). Path analysis indicated that postnatal anxiety explained the link between personality traits (i.e., neuroticism) and postnatal depression 2 weeks after childbirth. The type of birth moderated the relation among, personality traits, postnatal anxiety and depression. Neuroticism and consciousness, in the natural birth’s group, and neuroticism and agreeableness, in the cesarean birth’s group, were associated with postnatal depression. Further, anxiety explained the relation between neuroticism and postnatal depression in both natural and cesarean birth groups. In addition, postnatal anxiety mediated the relation between extraversion and postnatal depression in the cesarean birth group. Our findings highlight that postnatal anxiety is a potential mechanism explaining how personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion) are related to postnatal depression, and that these relations may depend on the type of childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roman
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | | | | | - Ticu Constantin
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
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Wauthia E, Lefebvre L, Huet K, Blekic W, El Bouragui K, Rossignol M. Examining the Hierarchical Influences of the Big-Five Dimensions and Anxiety Sensitivity on Anxiety Symptoms in Children. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1185. [PMID: 31231271 PMCID: PMC6558314 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS), namely the fear of anxiety symptoms, has been described as a precursor of sub-threshold anxiety levels. Sexton et al. (2003) posited that increased AS would arise from an elevated neuroticism and that both would act as vulnerability factors for panic disorder (PD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms. Accordingly, this study aimed to (1) evaluate the applicability of this model to a pediatric population and (2) examine the influences of the other Big-Five personality dimensions on the four lower-order dimensions of AS (cognitive, physical, control, and physical) and on social phobia (SP), separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and depression symptoms. 200 children (104 girls) aged between 8 and 12 years old (mean age = 132.52 months, SD = 14.5) completed the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (Silverman et al., 1991), the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (Barbaranelli et al., 2003), and the Revised’s Children Anxiety and Depression Scale (Chorpita et al., 2000). Regression analyses confirmed that AS and neuroticism together significantly predicted the presence of PD, OCD, and GAD symptoms but also SP, SAD, and depression symptoms. Moreover, neuroticism interacted with extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness to significantly predict SP, GAD, and depression. Surprisingly, the global AS score was only predicted by agreeableness, while AS dimensions also specifically related to openness. Finally, AS dimensions did not predict the presence of specific anxiety symptoms. To conclude, the predicting model of anxiety symptoms in children sets neuroticism and AS on the same level, with an unexpected influence of agreeableness on AS, raising the importance of other trait-like factors in the definition of such models. Moreover, AS should be considered as a unitary construct when predicting the presence of anxiety symptoms in children. Future interventions must consider these associations to help children detect and recognize the symptoms of their anxiety and help them to interpret them correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Wauthia
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,National Fund for Human Research (FRESH), National Fund for Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurent Lefebvre
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium
| | - Kathy Huet
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium.,Laboratory of Phonetics, Research Institute for Language Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Wivine Blekic
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,National Fund for Human Research (FRESH), National Fund for Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium
| | - Khira El Bouragui
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium.,Laboratory C2S, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Mandy Rossignol
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Interdisciplinary Research Center in Psychophysiology and Cognitive Electrophysiology, Mons, Belgium
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15
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Welander-Vatn A, Torvik FA, Czajkowski N, Kendler KS, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Knudsen GP, Ystrom E. Relationships Among Avoidant Personality Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Normative Personality Traits: A Twin Study. J Pers Disord 2019; 33:289-309. [PMID: 29505386 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) share risk factors to a substantial degree, and both are characterized by the experience of anxiety in social situations. The authors investigated whether these disorders are differentially related to the Big Five personality traits. They also examined the underlying genetic and environmental influences on these associations. A population-based sample of 1,761 female twins was interviewed at baseline, and 1,471 of these were re-interviewed 10 years later. Associations between AvPD, SAD, and personality traits were investigated with multivariate biometric analyses. The authors found that AvPD and SAD are differentially related to several personality traits at the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental level. The genetic and environmental liability to AvPD could be fully accounted for by the genetic and environmental factors influencing SAD and personality. The findings may increase current etiological understanding of these disorders and inform future classification and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audun Welander-Vatn
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fartein Ask Torvik
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Czajkowski
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Adult Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo
| | - Gun Peggy Knudsen
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo
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16
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How Five-Factor Personality Traits Affect Psychological Distress and Depression? Results from a Large Population-Based Study. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-018-0474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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17
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Hornboll B, Macoveanu J, Nejad A, Rowe J, Elliott R, Knudsen GM, Siebner HR, Paulson OB. Neuroticism predicts the impact of serotonin challenges on fear processing in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17889. [PMID: 30559408 PMCID: PMC6297157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The personality trait neuroticism is associated with increased vulnerability to anxiety and mood disorders, conditions linked with abnormal serotonin neurotransmission and emotional processing. The interaction between neuroticism and serotonin during emotional processing is however not understood. Here we investigate how individual neuroticism scores influence the neural response to negative emotional faces and their sensitivity to serotonergic tone. Twenty healthy participants performed an emotional face task under functional MRI on three occasions: increased serotonin tone following infusion of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), decreased serotonin tone following acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) protocol, and no serotonin challenge (control). During the task, participants performed a gender-discrimination task of neutral, fearful or angry facial expressions. Individual variations in neuroticism scores were associated with neural response of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex to fearful facial expressions. The association was however opposite under the two serotoninergic challenges. The fear-related response in this region and individual neuroticism scores correlated negatively during citalopram challenge and positively during ATD. Thus, neuroticism scores were associated with the relative impact of serotonin challenges on fear processing in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. This finding may link to a neural mechanism for the variable therapeutic effect of SSRI treatment observed in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hornboll
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julian Macoveanu
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ayna Nejad
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Rowe
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olaf B Paulson
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark. .,Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging (Cimbi), Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Hoppe JM, Frick A, Åhs F, Linnman C, Appel L, Jonasson M, Lubberink M, Långström B, Frans Ö, von Knorring L, Fredrikson M, Furmark T. Association between amygdala neurokinin-1 receptor availability and anxiety-related personality traits. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:168. [PMID: 30154470 PMCID: PMC6113290 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies indicate that substance P (SP) and its preferred neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor modulate stress and anxiety-related behavior. Alterations in the SP-NK1 system have also been observed in human anxiety disorders, yet little is known about the relation between this system and individual differences in personality traits associated with anxiety propensity and approach-avoidance behavior, including trait anxiety, neuroticism, and extraversion. Exploring this relation could provide important insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of human anxiety and the etiology of anxiety disorders, as anxious traits are associated with increased susceptibility to develop psychopathological conditions. Here we examined the relationship between central NK1 receptor availability and self-rated measures of trait anxiety, neuroticism, and extraversion. The amygdala was chosen as the primary region of interest since this structure has been suggested to mediate the effect of the SP-NK1 system on anxiety. Anxious traits and NK1 receptor availability, determined with positron emission tomography and the radiotracer [11C]GR205171, were measured in 17 healthy individuals. Voxel-wise analyses showed a significant positive correlation between bilateral amygdala NK1 receptor availability and trait anxiety, and a trend in similar direction was observed for neuroticism. Conversely, extraversion was found to be negatively associated with amygdala NK1 receptor availability. Extraversion also correlated negatively with the NK1 measure in the cuneus/precuneus and fusiform gyrus according to exploratory whole-brain analyses. In conclusion, our findings indicate that amygdala NK1 receptor availability is associated with anxiety-related personality traits in healthy subjects, consistent with a modulatory role for the SP-NK1 system in human anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Hoppe
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Frick
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,0000 0004 1936 9377grid.10548.38Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Åhs
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clas Linnman
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lieuwe Appel
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bNuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - My Jonasson
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bNuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,0000 0001 2351 3333grid.412354.5Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bNuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,0000 0001 2351 3333grid.412354.5Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Långström
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Örjan Frans
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars von Knorring
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Fredrikson
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Furmark
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Neuroticism is linked to microstructural left-right asymmetry of fronto-limbic fibre tracts in adolescents with opposite effects in boys and girls. Neuropsychologia 2018; 114:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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van Uijen SL, van den Hout MA, Engelhard IM. Approach behavior as information. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2017; 57:32-36. [PMID: 28285114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anxious individuals infer danger from information about physiological responses, anxiety responses, and safety behaviors. This study investigated whether anxious individuals also infer safety from approach behavior. METHODS 325 students rated the danger they perceived in general and spider-relevant scenarios in which information about objective safety versus objective danger, and approach behavior versus no approach behavior, was varied. A high and low spider fearful group was created with a median split on spider fear. RESULTS Participants with a high fear of spiders, compared to participants with low spider fear, rated spider scenarios with approach behavior as safer than spider scenarios without approach behavior. This effect was similar for objectively dangerous and safe spider scenarios. No behavior as information effects were found for general scenarios. LIMITATIONS The data were collected in a non-clinical student sample. CONCLUSIONS Spider fearful individuals infer safety from approach behavior in spider-relevant scenarios. For spider fearful individuals, approach behavior may add to the beneficial effects of exposure therapy. Future research is needed to investigate whether patients with anxiety disorders also show a tendency to infer safety from approach behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iris M Engelhard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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21
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Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is often correlated with high neuroticism and low extraversion. This study aims to ascertain whether PD patients differ from healthy controls in regard to personality traits and determine if these traits are correlated with comorbid disorders, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Personality traits of 69 PD patients and 42 controls were compared using the Maudsley Personality Inventory. In PD patients, comorbidities, anxiety, and depression symptoms were also evaluated. PD patients showed higher neuroticism and lower extraversion compared with healthy controls. Patients without comorbidities presented similar results to controls, whereas those with comorbidities presented higher neuroticism and lower extraversion scores. PD per se may be unrelated to deviant personality traits, although comorbidities with major depressive disorder and agoraphobia are probably associated with high neuroticism and low extraversion. These traits show a strong correlation with the accumulation and severity of these disorders.
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22
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Wallin Lundell I, Sundström Poromaa I, Ekselius L, Georgsson S, Frans Ö, Helström L, Högberg U, Skoog Svanberg A. Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:96. [PMID: 28969621 PMCID: PMC5625823 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Most women who choose to terminate a pregnancy cope well following an abortion, although some women experience severe psychological distress. The general interpretation in the field is that the most consistent predictor of mental disorders after induced abortion is the mental health issues that women present with prior to the abortion. We have previously demonstrated that few women develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after induced abortion. Neuroticism is one predictor of importance for PTSD, and may thus be relevant as a risk factor for the development of PTSD or PTSS after abortion. We therefore compared Neuroticism-related personality trait scores of women who developed PTSD or PTSS after abortion to those of women with no evidence of PTSD or PTSS before or after the abortion. Methods A Swedish multi-center cohort study including six Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments, where 1294 abortion-seeking women were included. The Screen Questionnaire-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (SQ-PTSD) was used to evaluate PTSD and PTSS. Measurements were made at the first visit and at three and six month after the abortion. The Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) was used for assessment of Neuroticism-related personality traits. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors for development of PTSD or PTSS post abortion. Results Women who developed PTSD or PTSS after the abortion had higher scores than the comparison group on several of the personality traits associated with Neuroticism, specifically Somatic Trait Anxiety, Psychic Trait Anxiety, Stress Susceptibility and Embitterment. Women who reported high, or very high, scores on Neuroticism had adjusted odds ratios for PTSD/PTSS development of 2.6 (CI 95% 1.2–5.6) and 2.9 (CI 95% 1.3–6.6), respectively. Conclusion High scores on Neuroticism-related personality traits influence the risk of PTSD or PTSS post abortion. This finding supports the argument that the most consistent predictor of mental disorders after abortion is pre-existing mental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Wallin Lundell
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, -751 85, Uppsala, SE, Sweden. .,Sophiahemmet University, Box 5605, - 114 86, Stockholm, SE, Sweden.
| | - Inger Sundström Poromaa
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, -751 85, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ekselius
- Department of Neuroscience/Psychiatry, Uppsala University, -75185, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
| | - Susanne Georgsson
- Sophiahemmet University, Box 5605, - 114 86, Stockholm, SE, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, -171 77, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
| | - Örjan Frans
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, -751 42, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
| | - Lotti Helström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, -118 83, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
| | - Ulf Högberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, -751 85, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
| | - Agneta Skoog Svanberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, -751 85, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
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23
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Allostatic load and comorbidities: A mitochondrial, epigenetic, and evolutionary perspective. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:1117-1146. [PMID: 27739386 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related pathophysiology drives comorbid trajectories that elude precise prediction. Allostatic load algorithms that quantify biological "wear and tear" represent a comprehensive approach to detect multisystemic disease processes of the mind and body. However, the multiple morbidities directly or indirectly related to stress physiology remain enigmatic. Our aim in this article is to propose that biological comorbidities represent discrete pathophysiological processes captured by measuring allostatic load. This has applications in research and clinical settings to predict physical and psychiatric comorbidities alike. The reader will be introduced to the concepts of allostasis, allostasic states, allostatic load, and allostatic overload as they relate to stress-related diseases and the proposed prediction of biological comorbidities that extend rather to understanding psychopathologies. In our transdisciplinary discussion, we will integrate perspectives related to (a) mitochondrial biology as a key player in the allostatic load time course toward diseases that "get under the skin and skull"; (b) epigenetics related to child maltreatment and biological embedding that shapes stress perception throughout lifespan development; and
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Ocklenburg S, Korte SM, Peterburs J, Wolf OT, Güntürkün O. Stress and laterality – The comparative perspective. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:321-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Mangold DL, Veraza R, Kinkler L, Kinney NA. Neuroticism Predicts Acculturative Stress in Mexican American College Students. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986307302167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders and a strong predictor of subjective stress in non-Hispanics. This study examined neuroticism as a predictor of subjective acculturative stress in 122 Mexican American college students. Neuroticism was measured using the Revised Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), and acculturative stress was measured using the Hispanic Stress Inventory (HSI). Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that overall neuroticism and the facets of depression, vulnerability, and anger and/or hostility significantly predicted acculturative stress. The association between neuroticism and greater subjective psychosocial stress can now be extended to acculturative stress for a subgroup of Mexican Americans. Findings support and extend previous work from the authors' laboratory suggesting that neuroticism modulates the relationship between exposure to culturally specific stress and risk for certain mood and anxiety disorders.
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26
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Goodwin RD, Friedman HS. Health Status and the Five-factor Personality Traits in a Nationally Representative Sample. J Health Psychol 2016; 11:643-54. [PMID: 16908463 DOI: 10.1177/1359105306066610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors’ objective was to determine the association between the ‘big-five’ personality traits and mental and physical disorders among adults in the United States. The Midlife Development in the United States Survey, a nationally representative sample of 3032 adults ages 25-74, was used to determine the association between the five-factor traits of personality and common mental and physical disorders. Findings are consistent with and extend previous results showing that conscientiousness is associated with significantly reduced likelihood of a wide range of mental and physical disorders among adults in the general population, and inversely that neuroticism is associated with increased rates. Among adults with physical illnesses, associations were found between personality and likelihood of physical limitations, especially conscientiousness. These findings provide a framework upon which research on complex causal processes may proceed. Thus future research attention might profitably be directed to conscientiousness-relevant processes, such as adherence to health and treatment recommendations and internalization of healthy societal norms for sensible health-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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27
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Smoller JW, Gardner-Schuster E, Misiaszek M. Genetics of anxiety: would the genome recognize the DSM? Depress Anxiety 2016; 25:368-77. [PMID: 18412063 DOI: 10.1002/da.20492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The nosology of anxiety disorders has undergone substantial evolution over the past several decades. The modern classification of these disorders dates to the publication of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-III (DSM-III) in 1980, but the validity of the current diagnostic categories has been the subject of controversy. Genetic research can help clarify the boundaries of diagnostic categories by examining the etiologic relationships among them. The question posed in the title of this article asks to what degree the DSM-IV definitions of the anxiety disorders are supported by the evolving body of research on the genetic basis of pathologic anxiety. With DSM-V on the horizon, there is a renewed imperative to examine the structure of these disorders. In this article, we address this issue by, first, providing a brief update about the current status of genetic research on anxiety disorders and then considering whether the evidence suggests that genetic influences conform to or transcend DSM definitions. Finally, we discuss future directions for the genetic dissection of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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28
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Shi M, Liu L, Yang YL, Wang L. The mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between big five personality traits and depressive symptoms among Chinese undergraduate medical students. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Weisman JS, Rodebaugh TL, Lim MH, Fernandez KC. Predicting short-term positive affect in individuals with social anxiety disorder: The role of selected personality traits and emotion regulation strategies. J Anxiety Disord 2015; 34:53-62. [PMID: 26119140 PMCID: PMC4539135 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, research has provided support for a moderate, inverse relationship between social anxiety and dispositional positive affect. However, the dynamics of this relationship remain poorly understood. The present study evaluates whether certain personality traits and emotion regulation variables predict short-term positive affect for individuals with social anxiety disorder and healthy controls. Positive affect as measured by two self-report instruments was assessed before and after two tasks in which the participant conversed with either a friend or a romantic partner. Tests of models examining the hypothesized prospective predictors revealed that the paths did not differ significantly across diagnostic group and both groups showed the hypothesized patterns of endorsement for the emotion regulation variables. Further, a variable reflecting difficulty redirecting oneself when distressed prospectively predicted one measure of positive affect. Additional research is needed to explore further the role of emotion regulation strategies on positive emotions for individuals higher in social anxiety.
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Peñacoba-Puente C, Marín-Morales D, Carmona-Monge FJ, Velasco Furlong L. Post-Partum Depression, Personality, and Cognitive-Emotional Factors: A Longitudinal Study on Spanish Pregnant Women. Health Care Women Int 2015; 37:97-117. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2015.1066788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Distel LML, Shepard J, Malone J, Waldinger RJ. Life Span Trajectories of Depressive Symptomatology and Personality Functioning. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2015; 63:NP10-4. [PMID: 26185296 DOI: 10.1177/0003065115594185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johanna Malone
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Kaplan SC, Levinson CA, Rodebaugh TL, Menatti A, Weeks JW. Social anxiety and the Big Five personality traits: the interactive relationship of trust and openness. Cogn Behav Ther 2015; 44:212-22. [PMID: 25705989 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2015.1008032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that social anxiety (SA) has a positive relationship with neuroticism and a negative relationship with extraversion. However, findings on the relationships between SA and agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience are mixed. In regard to facet-level personality traits, SA is negatively correlated with trust (a facet of agreeableness) and self-efficacy (a facet of conscientiousness). No research has examined interactions among the Big Five personality traits (e.g., extraversion) and facet levels of personality in relation to SA. In two studies using undergraduate samples (N = 502; N = 698), we examined the relationships between trust, self-efficacy, the Big Five, and SA. SA correlated positively with neuroticism, negatively with extraversion, and had weaker relationships with agreeableness, openness, and trust. In linear regression predicting SA, there was a significant interaction between trust and openness over and above gender. In addition to supporting previous research on SA and the Big Five, we found that openness is related to SA for individuals low in trust. Our results suggest that high openness may protect against the higher SA levels associated with low trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona C Kaplan
- a Department of Psychology , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , USA
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Neuroticism and extraversion are associated with amygdala resting-state functional connectivity. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 14:836-48. [PMID: 24352685 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The personality traits neuroticism and extraversion are differentially related to socioemotional functioning and susceptibility to affective disorders. However, the neurobiology underlying this differential relationship is still poorly understood. This discrepancy could perhaps best be studied by adopting a brain connectivity approach. Whereas the amygdala has repeatedly been linked to neuroticism and extraversion, no study has yet focused on the intrinsic functional architecture of amygdala-centered networks in relation to both traits. To this end, seed-based correlation analysis was employed to reveal amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and its associations with neuroticism and extraversion in 50 healthy participants. Higher neuroticism scores were associated with increased amygdala RSFC with the precuneus, and decreased amygdala RSFC with the temporal poles, insula, and superior temporal gyrus (p < .05, cluster corrected). Conversely, higher extraversion scores were associated with increased amygdala RSFC with the putamen, temporal pole, insula, and several regions of the occipital cortex (p < .05, cluster corrected). The shifts in amygdala RSFC associated with neuroticism may relate to the less-adaptive perception and processing of self-relevant and socioemotional information that is frequently seen in neurotic individuals, whereas the amygdala RSFC pattern associated with extraversion may relate to the heightened reward sensitivity and enhanced socioemotional functioning in extraverts. We hypothesize that the variability in amygdala RSFC observed in the present study could potentially link neuroticism and extraversion to the neurobiology underlying increased susceptibility or resilience to affective disorders.
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Personality and symptom severity in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: The mediating role of depression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
The Five Factor Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI) was developed in part to facilitate a shift from the categorical classification of personality disorder to a dimensional trait model, more specifically, the five-factor model (FFM). Questions though have been raised as to whether obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) can be understood as a maladaptive variant of FFM conscientiousness. The present study provides a further validation of the FFOCI, emphasizing in particular its association with FFM conscientiousness, as well as comparing alternative measures and models of OCPD. A total of 380 undergraduates (obtained in two samples of 274 and 106), including 146 oversampled for OCPD traits (93 for the first sample and 53 for the second), completed the FFOCI, measures of general personality, OCPD trait scales, and alternative measures of OCPD. Results supported the validity of the FFOCI as a measure of OCPD and maladaptive variants of FFM traits, as well as identifying substantive differences among the alternative measures of OCPD, particularly with respect to their relationship with FFM conscientiousness, antagonism, and introversion.
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Rector NA, Man V, Lerman B. The expanding cognitive-behavioural therapy treatment umbrella for the anxiety disorders: disorder-specific and transdiagnostic approaches. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2014; 59:301-9. [PMID: 25007404 PMCID: PMC4079149 DOI: 10.1177/070674371405900603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an empirically supported treatment for anxiety disorders. CBT treatments are based on disorder-specific protocols that have been developed to target individual anxiety disorders, despite that anxiety disorders frequently co-occur and are comorbid with depression. Given the high rates of diagnostic comorbidity, substantial overlap in dimensional symptom ratings, and extensive evidence that the mood and anxiety disorders share a common set of psychological and biological vulnerabilities, transdiagnostic CBT protocols have recently been developed to treat the commonalities among the mood and anxiety disorders. We conducted a selective review of empirical developments in the transdiagnostic CBT treatment of anxiety and depression (2008-2013). Preliminary evidence suggests that theoretically based transdiagnostic CBT approaches lead to large treatment effects on the primary anxiety disorder, considerable reduction of diagnostic comorbidity, and some preliminary effects regarding the impact on the putative, shared psychological mechanisms. However, the empirical literature remains tentative owing to relatively small samples, limited direct comparisons with disorder-specific CBT protocols, and the relative absence of the study of disorder-specific compared with shared mechanisms of action in treatment. We conclude with a treatment conceptualization of the new transdiagnostic interventions as complementary, rather than contradictory, to disorder-specific CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Rector
- Psychologist and Research Scientist, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Vincent Man
- Student, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Bethany Lerman
- Research Coordinator, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario
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Wang Y, Yao L, Liu L, Yang X, Wu H, Wang J, Wang L. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms among Chinese unemployed population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:61. [PMID: 24581332 PMCID: PMC3976156 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the rapid growth of economy, unemployment becomes a severe socio-economic problem in China. The huge population base in China makes the unemployed population a tremendously huge number. However, health status of unemployed population was ignored and few studies were conducted to describe the depressive symptoms of unemployed individuals in China. This study aims to examine the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms and the mediating role of self-efficacy in this relationship. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed during the period of July to September 2011. Questionnaires consisting of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE), as well as demographic factors, were used to collect information of unemployed population. A total of 1,832 individuals (effective response rate: 73.28%) became our subjects. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 67.7% among Chinese unemployed individuals. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were all negatively associated with depressive symptoms whereas neuroticism was positively associated with depressive symptoms. The proportion of mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between extraversion/agreeableness/conscientiousness/neuroticism and depressive symptoms was 25.42%, 10.91%, 32.21% and 36.44%, respectively. Self-efficacy is a mediator in the relationship between extraversion/agreeableness/conscientiousness/neuroticism and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms among Chinese unemployed individuals. Interventions that focus on both individuals' personality and self-efficacy may be most successful to reduce depressive symptoms of unemployed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshi Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiana Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No, 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Ramaesh R, Jenkins P, Macdonald D, Howie C, Lane JV, Knight S. Personality, function and satisfaction in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement. J Orthop Sci 2014; 19:275-281. [PMID: 24362559 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-013-0509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between personality and joint-specific function, general physical and general mental health in patients undergoing total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS One hundred and eighty-four patients undergoing THA and 205 undergoing TKA were assessed using the Eysneck Personality Questionnaire, brief version (EPQ-BV). General physical and mental health was measured using the Short-Form 12 (SF-12) questionnaire and the EuroQol (EQ-5D). Joint-specific function was measured using the Oxford hip or knee score. RESULTS The "unstable introvert" personality type was associated with poorer pre-operative function and health in patients with hip arthrosis. In patients with knee arthrosis, there was poorer general health in those with "stable extrovert" and "unstable introvert" types. Personality was not an independent predictor of outcome following TKA or THA. The main predictor was pre-operative function and health. Comorbidity was an important covariate of both pre-operative and postoperative function. CONCLUSIONS Personality may play a role in the interaction of these disease processes with function and health perception. It may also affect the response and interpretation of psychometric and patient-reported outcome measures. It may be important to characterise and identify these traits in potential arthroplasty patients as it may help deliver targeted education and management to improve outcomes in certain groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesan Ramaesh
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Paul Jenkins
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Deborah Macdonald
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Howie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith V Lane
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sara Knight
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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Shahab L, Andrew S, West R. Changes in prevalence of depression and anxiety following smoking cessation: results from an international cohort study (ATTEMPT). Psychol Med 2014; 44:127-141. [PMID: 23507203 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking cessation improves physical health but it has been suggested that in vulnerable individuals it may worsen mental health. This study aimed to identify the short- and longer-term effects of stopping smoking on depression and anxiety in the general population and in those with a history of these disorders. METHOD Sociodemographic and smoking characteristics, and mental and physical health were assessed using established measures in the ATTEMPT cohort, an international longitudinal study of smokers (n = 3645). Smokers who had stopped for at least 3 months or less than 3 months at the 12-month follow-up were compared with current smokers (n = 1640). RESULTS At follow-up, 9.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.3-11.2] of smokers had stopped for less than 3 months and 7.5% (95% CI 6.3-8.9) for at least 3 months. Compared with current smokers, prevalence of depression prescriptions obtained in the last 2 weeks was lower for those who had stopped for less than 3 months [odds ratio (OR) 0.37, 95% CI 0.14-0.96] or at least 3 months (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.06-0.94) after adjusting for baseline prescription levels and confounding variables. Adjusted prevalence of recent depression symptoms was also lower for ex-smokers who had stopped for less than 3 months (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.78) or at least 3 months (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09-0.67) than among continuing smokers. There was no change in anxiety measures in the general population or any increase in anxiety or depression symptoms in ex-smokers with a past history of these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation does not appear to be associated with an increase in anxiety or depression and may lead to a reduced incidence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shahab
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Lee HB, Offidani E, Ziegelstein RC, Bienvenu OJ, Samuels J, Eaton WW, Nestadt G. Five-factor model personality traits as predictors of incident coronary heart disease in the community: a 10.5-year cohort study based on the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up study. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2013; 55:352-361. [PMID: 24751113 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Certain personality and behavioral traits (e.g., type A and type D) have been reported to be associated with development and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD), but few have examined the relationship using a comprehensive assessment of personality along with a structured assessment of psychiatric disorders. METHODS Based on participants (age: 47.3 ± 12.8; female: 62.6%) of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study, we examined the relationship between the 5 major domains of personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and incident CHD between Wave III (1993-1996) and Wave IV (2004-2005). RESULTS Incident CHD developed in 65 participants during the follow-up. Those with incident CHD had lower on openness (44.06 ± 9.29 vs. 47.18 ± 8.80; p = 0.007) and extraversion (45.98 ± 9.25 vs. 49.12 ± 8.92; p = 0.007) scores than those without. Logistic regression models revealed an inverse association (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.54-0.98) between openness factor z-scores and incident CHD after adjusting for putative confounding factors, including DSM III-R Major Depressive Disorder. CONCLUSION High openness appears to be an independent protective factor for incident CHD in the community. Future studies should examine behavioral and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roy C Ziegelstein
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Oscar Joseph Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Mental Health, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jack Samuels
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - William W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Department of Mental Health, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Predictive index for the onset of medication overuse headache in migraine patients. Neurol Sci 2013; 34:85-92. [PMID: 22290307 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-0955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Migraine patients are particularly prone to develop medication overuse headache (MOH). However, the risk factors for the transformation of migraine to MOH are still not clear. We investigated gene polymorphisms, personality traits, and characteristics of headache and lifestyle in 47 migraine patients (aged 36.4 ± 10.3) and 22 MOH patients (aged 39.6 ± 9.9) who progressed from migraine and made a scoring system for a predictive index (PI) of the onset of MOH in patients with migraine. By multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis, type of migraine, regular and sufficient dietary intake, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133) and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) C939T (rs6275) polymorphisms were selected as significant factors that contribute independently to the development from migraine to MOH (P < 0.05). The regression coefficients (β) of these four selected factors were approximated and scored. The PI score in MOH patients (7.32 ± 1.60) was significantly higher than that in migraine patients (4.62 ± 1.83, P < 0.001). The proposed scoring system should in the future be the object of larger studies to confirm its validity.
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Terasawa Y, Shibata M, Moriguchi Y, Umeda S. Anterior insular cortex mediates bodily sensibility and social anxiety. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 8:259-66. [PMID: 22977199 PMCID: PMC3594729 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in psychiatry and cognitive neuroscience have reported an important relationship between individual interoceptive accuracy and anxiety level. This indicates that greater attention to one's bodily state may contribute to the development of intense negative emotions and anxiety disorders. We hypothesized that reactivity in the anterior insular cortex underlies the intensity of interoceptive awareness and anxiety. To elucidate this triadic mechanism, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mediation analyses to examine the relationship between emotional disposition and activation in the anterior insular cortex while participants evaluated their own emotional and bodily states. Our results indicated that right anterior insular activation was positively correlated with individual levels of social anxiety and neuroticism and negatively correlated with agreeableness and extraversion. The results of the mediation analyses revealed that activity in the right anterior insula mediated the activity of neural correlates of interoceptive sensibility and social fear. Our findings suggest that attention to interoceptive sensation affects personality traits through how we feel emotion subjectively in various situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Terasawa
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Department of Psychophysiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi Cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
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Coulston CM, Bargh DM, Tanious M, Cashman EL, Tufrey K, Curran G, Kuiper S, Morgan H, Lampe L, Malhi GS. Is coping well a matter of personality? A study of euthymic unipolar and bipolar patients. J Affect Disord 2013; 145:54-61. [PMID: 22921480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) patients often demonstrate better clinical outcomes than remitted patients with unipolar illness (UP). Reasons for this are uncertain, however, personality and coping styles are each likely to play a key role. This study examined differences between euthymic BD and UP patients with respect to the inter-relationship between personality, coping style, and clinical outcomes. METHODS A total of 96 UP and 77 BD euthymic patients were recruited through the CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney, and assessed by a team comprising Psychiatrists and Psychologists. They underwent a structured clinical diagnostic interview, and completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, stress, personality, coping, social adjustment, self-esteem, dysfunctional attitudes, and fear of negative evaluation. RESULTS Compared to UP, BD patients reported significantly higher scores on levels of extraversion, adaptive coping, self-esteem, and lower scores on trait anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. Extraversion correlated positively with self-esteem, adaptive coping styles, and negatively with trait anxiety and fear of negative evaluation. Trait anxiety and fear of negative evaluation correlated positively with eachother, and both correlated negatively with self-esteem and adaptive coping styles. Finally, self-esteem correlated positively with adaptive coping styles. LIMITATIONS The results cannot be generalised to depressive states of BD and UP, as differences in the course of illness and types of depression are likely to impact on coping and clinical outcomes, particularly for BD. CONCLUSIONS During remission, functioning is perhaps better 'preserved' in BD than in UP, possibly because of the protective role of extraversion which drives healthier coping styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa M Coulston
- CADE Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Association of genetic polymorphisms with personality profile in individuals without psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:40-6. [PMID: 22542868 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Population-based twin studies demonstrate that approximately 40-50% of the variability in personality dimensions results from genetic factors. This study assessed selected polymorphisms in the COMT Val158Met, MAOA 3'VNTR, 5HTTLPR, 102T/C 5-HT2A, DAT 3'VNTR and DRD2 exon 8 genes and evaluated their association with personality profiles, anxiety levels, and depressiveness in healthy subjects. METHODS This study included 406 unrelated (mean age 38.51 years), mentally and somatically healthy Caucasian subjects of Polish origin. The prevalence of the gene variants mentioned above and their association with personality profiles, anxiety levels, and depressiveness was assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck's Depression Inventory. RESULTS The effects of the 5HTTLPR gene on the s/s genotype and empathy (C2) were lowest in the entire group. The effects of gender, age and the HT2A gene for the T/T genotype and attachment (RD3) were highest in women. The effects of gender, age and the DAT gene on the 9/9 DAT genotype, compassion (C4) and cooperativeness (C) were lowest in women. The effects of gender, age and the COMT gene on the Met/Met genotype and neuroticism (NEU) NEO-FFI were also lowest in women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest considerable influence of individual genes on the formation of personality traits.
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Rector NA, Bagby RM, Huta V, Ayearst LE. Examination of the trait facets of the five-factor model in discriminating specific mood and anxiety disorders. Psychiatry Res 2012; 199:131-9. [PMID: 22595418 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural models of the mood and anxiety disorders postulate that each disorder has a shared component that can account for comorbidity and its own unique component that distinguishes it from others. The principal aim of the current study was to determine the extent to which the 30 facets of the Five-Factor Model (FFM), as measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), contribute to the identification of the unique component in mood and anxiety disorders in treatment-seeking clinical samples. Participants (N=610) were psychiatric outpatients with principal DSM-IV diagnoses (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized social phobia (GSP), panic disorder with/without agoraphobia (PD; PD/A) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Results suggest that approximately half of the variance in differences between these diagnoses is associated with specific characteristics represented by the FFM facets. Unique personality profiles for the MDD, GSP, PTSD and, to a lesser extent, OCD groups emerged. Broad traits of the FFM, when broken into more narrow components at the facet level, contribute significantly to the identification of unique aspects associated with specific mood and anxiety disorders. The integration of lower and higher levels of structural examination of the mood and anxiety disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Rector
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Neural network development in late adolescents during observation of risk-taking action. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39527. [PMID: 22768085 PMCID: PMC3387168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional maturity and social awareness are important for adolescents, particularly college students beginning to face the challenges and risks of the adult world. However, there has been relatively little research into personality maturation and psychological development during late adolescence and the neural changes underlying this development. We investigated the correlation between psychological properties (neuroticism, extraversion, anxiety, and depression) and age among late adolescents (n = 25, from 18 years and 1 month to 22 years and 8 months). The results revealed that late adolescents became less neurotic, less anxious, less depressive and more extraverted as they aged. Participants then observed video clips depicting hand movements with and without a risk of harm (risk-taking or safe actions) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results revealed that risk-taking actions elicited significantly stronger activation in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule, temporal visual regions (superior/middle temporal areas), and parieto-occipital visual areas (cuneus, middle occipital gyri, precuneus). We found positive correlations of age and extraversion with neural activation in the insula, middle temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus, and precuneus. We also found a negative correlation of age and anxiety with activation in the angular gyrus, precentral gyrus, and red nucleus/substantia nigra. Moreover, we found that insula activation mediated the relationship between age and extraversion. Overall, our results indicate that late adolescents become less anxious and more extraverted with age, a process involving functional neural changes in brain networks related to social cognition and emotional processing. The possible neural mechanisms of psychological and social maturation during late adolescence are discussed.
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Karsten J, Penninx BWJH, Riese H, Ormel J, Nolen WA, Hartman CA. The state effect of depressive and anxiety disorders on big five personality traits. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:644-50. [PMID: 22349302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroticism and extraversion are affected by depressive disorder state. Less is known about depressive state effects on conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness. Furthermore, state effects of anxiety disorders on personality have been far less studied than those of depressive disorder. Here, we aim to determine the extent of change in all five personality traits associated with the occurrence of or recovery from depressive and anxiety disorders. METHODS Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at baseline and two-year follow-up, respondents from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) were divided into four groups: unaffected at baseline and follow-up, occurrence, recovery, and affected at baseline and follow-up. Personality change (NEO-five factor inventory) was examined in the occurrence and recovery groups relative to the unaffected and affected groups, respectively. Analyses were repeated, differentiating between (specific) depressive and anxiety disorders. RESULTS We found small state effects of affective disorders on neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness. Corrected for each other, both depressive and anxiety disorders showed small state effects on neuroticism, but effects on extraversion and conscientiousness were mainly associated with depressive disorders. CONCLUSIONS State effects were small. When assessing neuroticism, the presence of both depressive and anxiety disorders should be taken into account, as both may independently increase neuroticism scores. However, when assessing extraversion and conscientiousness, depressive disorders but not anxiety disorders are likely to be of influence. Agreeableness and openness are influenced by neither.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Karsten
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO box 30 001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Glinski K, Page AC. Modifiability of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness by Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/bech.27.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe study investigated if the degree of personality pathology among people with clinical levels of social anxiety disorder was similar to those with personality disorders more generally, if the degree of avoidant personality pathology was correlated positively with Neuroticism and negatively with Extraversion and facets of Agreeableness (particularly Trust), and finally if scores on the relevant personality dimensions improve from pre- to post-treatment. Changes in Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness were examined following group treatment for social anxiety disorder. The current study employed a within-subjects repeated-measures design (N= 25) to investigate whether these traits can be changed by group treatment for social anxiety disorder. A measure of personality disorder pathology was found to correlate positively with Neuroticism and negatively with Agreeableness in the absence of significant relationships with other Five-Factor Model traits. Treatment was associated with significant reductions in Neuroticism and there was significant improvement of the Trust facet of Agreeableness. These results are discussed in terms of the way that group treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder may be enhanced.
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Miettunen J, Raevuori A. A meta-analysis of temperament in axis I psychiatric disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2012; 53:152-66. [PMID: 21565334 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports on a meta-analysis of Cloninger's temperament dimensions (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence) in individuals with lifetime psychiatric disorders compared with controls and on interdisorder comparisons between these disorders. Nine disorders from 75 studies were included in the meta-analyses. The most consistent feature was elevated harm avoidance: compared with the controls, harm avoidance was higher in all diagnostic groups studied except for those with alcohol use disorders. The increase in effect sizes in harm avoidance scores varied from a very large (d = 2.66) in social phobia to a small effect (effect size, d = 0.29) in alcohol use disorders. In other dimensions, differences between cases and controls were relatively small. However, in pairwise comparisons, notable differences also in other dimensions emerged: in novelty seeking, the lowest scores were in social phobia (d = -0.87) and the highest in bulimia nervosa (d = 0.33); in reward dependence, the lowest scores were in schizophrenia (d = -0.36) and the highest in social phobia (d = 0.12); and in persistence, the lowest scores were in social phobia (d = -0.30) and the highest in anorexia nervosa (d = 0.49). The provided data should be taken into account in the future studies on suggestive vulnerability markers for psychiatric morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouko Miettunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Madsen KS, Jernigan TL, Iversen P, Frokjaer VG, Mortensen EL, Knudsen GM, Baaré WFC. Cortisol awakening response and negative emotionality linked to asymmetry in major limbic fibre bundle architecture. Psychiatry Res 2012; 201:63-72. [PMID: 22285720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The limbic system plays an important role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as well as aspects of emotion, and both neuroendocrine disturbance and increased negative emotionality are associated with risk for developing affective disorders. However, the extent to which the architecture of connections between limbic structures may be linked to individual differences in basal HPA-axis reactivity and negative emotionality is unknown. Here we tested the hypotheses that microstructural asymmetry of the major limbic fibre bundles would be associated with cortisol awakening response (CAR) and neuroticism, a personality trait associated with the tendency to experience negative emotions. Sixty-nine healthy adults were studied with diffusion-weighted imaging, and fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted from the cingulum and uncinate fasciculus. Higher neuroticism scores, which were associated with higher CAR, were also correlated with higher right relative to left cingulum FA. Elevated CAR was associated with the degree of FA asymmetry within both the cingulum and the uncinate fasciculus, but in opposing directions. These results suggest that the balance between left- and right-sided limbic circuits may bear an important relationship to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity, and to the tendency to experience negative emotions, and they raise important questions about the significance of limbic system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
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