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Borrull A, Allard B, Wijkhuisen A, Herbet A, Lamourette P, Birouk W, Leiber D, Tanfin Z, Ducancel F, Boquet D, Couraud JY, Robin P. Rendomab B4, a monoclonal antibody that discriminates the human endothelin B receptor of melanoma cells and inhibits their migration. MAbs 2016; 8:1371-1385. [PMID: 27390909 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1208865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognostic, and the design of new targeted drugs to treat melanoma is a therapeutic challenge. A promising approach is to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the endothelin B receptor (ETB), which is known to be overexpressed in melanoma and to contribute to proliferation, migration and vasculogenic mimicry associated with invasiveness of this cancer. We previously described rendomab-B1, a mAb produced by DNA immunization. It is endowed with remarkable characteristics in term of affinity, specificity and antagonist properties against human ETB expressed by the endothelial cells, but, surprisingly, had poor affinity for ETB expressed by melanoma cells. This characteristic strongly suggested the existence of a tumor-specific ETB form. In the study reported here, we identified a new mAb, rendomab-B4, which, in contrast to rendomab-B1, binds ETB expressed on UACC-257, WM-266-4 and SLM8 melanoma cells. Moreover, after binding to UACC-257 cells, rendomab-B4 is internalized and colocalizes with the endosomal protein EEA-1. Interestingly, rendomab-B4, despite its inability to compete with endothelin binding, is able to inhibit phospholipase C pathway and migration induced by endothelin. By contrast, rendomab-B4 fails to decrease ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by endothelin, suggesting a biased effect on ETB. These particular properties make rendomab-B4 an interesting tool to analyze ETB-structure/function and a promising starting point for the development of new immunological tools in the field of melanoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Borrull
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour la Santé , Gif-sur-Yvette , France.,b Université Paris Sud-11 , CNRS, UMR 8619, IBBMC , Orsay , France
| | - Bertrand Allard
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour la Santé , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Anne Wijkhuisen
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour la Santé , Gif-sur-Yvette , France.,c Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Amaury Herbet
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour la Santé , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Patricia Lamourette
- d CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche en Immunoanalyse , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Wided Birouk
- b Université Paris Sud-11 , CNRS, UMR 8619, IBBMC , Orsay , France
| | - Denis Leiber
- b Université Paris Sud-11 , CNRS, UMR 8619, IBBMC , Orsay , France
| | - Zahra Tanfin
- b Université Paris Sud-11 , CNRS, UMR 8619, IBBMC , Orsay , France
| | - Frédéric Ducancel
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour la Santé , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Didier Boquet
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour la Santé , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Jean-Yves Couraud
- a CEA, iBiTec-S, SPI, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour la Santé , Gif-sur-Yvette , France.,c Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Philippe Robin
- b Université Paris Sud-11 , CNRS, UMR 8619, IBBMC , Orsay , France
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Plant TD, Zöllner C, Kepura F, Mousa SS, Eichhorst J, Schaefer M, Furkert J, Stein C, Oksche A. Endothelin potentiates TRPV1 via ETA receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase C. Mol Pain 2007; 3:35. [PMID: 18001466 PMCID: PMC2206006 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-3-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelin-1 (ET-1) both stimulates nociceptors and sensitizes them to noxious stimuli, an effect probably mediated by the ETA receptor (ETAR) expressed in sensory neurons. The cellular mechanisms of this ET-1-mediated effect are only poorly understood. TRPV1, the heat-, pH- and capsaicin-sensitive cation channel already known to be modulated by a number of cellular mediators released in response to noxious stimuli and during inflammation, is a potential target for the action of ET-1. Results We studied the effects of ET-1 on TRPV1 in sensory neurons from the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and in HEK293 cells coexpressing TRPV1 and the ETAR. Specific 125I-ET-1 binding sites (817 ± 92 fmol/mg) were detected in membrane preparations of DRG with an ETAR/ETBR ratio of 60:40. In an immunofluorescence analysis, coexpression of TRPV1 and the ETAR was found in a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons. ET-1 strongly potentiated capsaicin-induced TRPV1 currents in some neurons, and in HEK293 cells co-expressing TRPV1 and the ETAR. Weaker potentiation was observed in HEK293 cells coexpressing TRPV1 and the ETBR. ETAR activation also increased responses to low pH and heat. In HEK293 cells, strong potentiation of TRPV1 like that induced by ET-1 via the ETAR could be induced by PKC activation, but not with activators of the adenylyl cyclase or the PKA pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of PKC with bisindolylmaleimide X (BIM X) or mutation of the PKC phosphorylation site S800 completely prevented ETAR-mediated potentiation. Conclusion We conclude that ET-1 potentiates TRPV1 by a PKC-dependent mechanism and that this could play a major role in the algogenic and hyperalgesic effects of ET-1 described in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D Plant
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, FB-Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str, 1, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Gregan B, Jürgensen J, Papsdorf G, Furkert J, Schaefer M, Beyermann M, Rosenthal W, Oksche A. Ligand-dependent Differences in the Internalization of Endothelin A and Endothelin B Receptor Heterodimers. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:27679-87. [PMID: 15075338 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403601200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoactive peptide that acts on endothelin A (ET(A)) and endothelin B (ET(B)) receptors. Although both receptor subtypes are co-expressed in numerous cells, little is known about their ability to form heterodimers. Here we show that both receptors were co-immunoprecipitated with an ET(B)-specific antibody using extracts from HEK293 cells stably co-expressing a fusion protein consisting of a myc-tagged ET(A) receptor and CFP (ET(A)myc.CFP) and a fusion protein consisting of an ET(B) receptor and YFP (ET(B).YFP). Co-immunoprecipitation was also observed with extracts from HEK293 cells transiently co-expressing FLAG-tagged ET(B) and myc-tagged ET(A) receptors, thereby excluding that heterodimerization is mediated by the CFP/YFP moieties. Heterodimerization was further confirmed in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis of HEK293 cells transiently co-expressing ET(A)myc.CFP and ET(B).YFP receptors. FRET efficiencies were between 12 and 18% in untreated and antagonist- or ET-1-treated cells, indicating constitutive heterodimerization. Prolonged stimulation (30 min) with the ET(B) receptor-selective agonist BQ3020 decreased FRET efficiency by 50%. This decrease was not observed when internalization was inhibited by co-expression of dominant-negative K44A.dynamin I or incubation with 450 mm sucrose. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and laser scanning microscopy of cell clones stably co-expressing ET(A)myc.CFP/ET(B)flag.YFP receptors revealed a slower sequestration of the ET(B)flag.YFP receptors upon stimulation with ET-1 than with BQ3020. No difference in ET-1 or BQ3020-mediated sequestration was observed with cell clones expressing ET(B)flag.YFP receptors alone. The data suggest that ET(A) and ET(B) receptors form constitutive heterodimers, which show a slower sequestration upon stimulation with ET-1 than with BQ3020. Heterodimer dissociation along the endocytic pathway only occurs upon ET(B)-selective stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Gregan
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Thielallee 67-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Grantcharova E, Furkert J, Reusch HP, Krell HW, Papsdorf G, Beyermann M, Schulein R, Rosenthal W, Oksche A. The extracellular N terminus of the endothelin B (ETB) receptor is cleaved by a metalloprotease in an agonist-dependent process. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:43933-41. [PMID: 12226103 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208407200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular N terminus of the endothelin B (ET(B)) receptor is susceptible to limited proteolysis (cleavage at R64 downward arrow S65), but the regulation and the functional consequences of the proteolysis remain elusive. We analyzed the ET(B) receptor or an ET(B)-GFP fusion protein stably or transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. After incubation of cells at 4 degrees C, only the full-length ET(B) receptor was detected at the cell surface. However, when cells were incubated at 37 degrees C, N-terminal cleavage was observed, provided endothelin 1 was present during the incubation. Cleavage was not inhibited by internalization inhibitors (sucrose, phenylarsine oxide). However, in cells incubated with both internalization inhibitors and metalloprotease inhibitors (batimastat, inhibitor of TNFalpha-convertase) or metal chelators (EDTA, phenanthroline), the cleavage was blocked, indicating that metalloproteases cleave the agonist-occupied ET(B) receptor at the cell surface. Functional analysis of a mutant ET(B) receptor lacking the first 64 amino acids ([Delta2-64]ET(B) receptor) revealed normal functional properties, but a 15-fold reduced cell surface expression. The results suggest a role of the N-terminal proteolysis in the regulation of cell surface expression of the ET(B) receptor. This is the first example of a multispanning membrane protein, which is cleaved by a metalloprotease, but retains its functional activity and overall structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Grantcharova
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Campus Berlin Buch, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
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