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Yusuf M, Yogiswara N, Soebadi M, Duarsa G, Wirjopranoto S. Long-term outcomes comparison of immediate and delayed surgical intervention for penile fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SEXOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ouanes Y, Saadi MH, Haj Alouene H, Bibi M, Sellami A, Rhouma SB, Nouira Y. Sexual Function Outcomes After Surgical Treatment of Penile Fracture. Sex Med 2021; 9:100353. [PMID: 34062494 PMCID: PMC8240329 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Penile fracture is a urologic emergency and is defined as the rupture of the tunica albuginea of the cavernous body in erection. Aim Our study aims to evaluate patients with penile fracture and to identify the factors that may influence the sexual function after surgical repair. Methods A total of 138 patients who were diagnosed with penile fracture between January, 1999 and December, 2018 were reviewed. Clinical features, perioperative assessment, time from injury to surgery, tunica defect properties, and presence of urethral injury were assessed. Main Outcome Measures Sexual function was evaluated by three parameters six months after surgical repair: International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire, penile curvature and the presence of a painful intercourse. All factors that could potentially influence these parameters were analyzed. Results The mean age was 31.2 years (19-55). Presentation delay ranged from 1 to 5 days (mean = 16.8 hours) while surgery delay was 14.3 hours ().The most common cause of penile fracture in our patients was forcefully bending of the erect penis to achieve detumescence in 62 cases (44.9%). On multivariate analysis, we found that the presentation delay and the fracture site located in the proximal shaft of the penis showed significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative ED (P = 0.03 and P = 0.015 respectively). Presentation delay, elective incision and tuncial leak located in the proximal shaft (P = 0.045; P = 0.018 and P = 0.022 respectively) were associated with higher penis curvature. Conclusion Immediate surgical repair and circumferential degloving incision for tunical leaks located in the proximal shaft of the penis are recommended in order to decrease the incidence of ED after surgical repair of penile fractures. Ouanes Y, Saadi MH, Alouene HH, et al. Sexual Function Outcomes After Surgical Treatment of Penile Fracture. Sex Med 2021;9:100353.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mokhtar Bibi
- Urology Department, Hopital La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Sellami
- Urology Department, Hopital La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
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Repair of urethral injury associated with penile fracture using buccal mucosa graft: A novel therapeutic approach for complex cases. Injury 2020; 51 Suppl 4:S114-S116. [PMID: 32115211 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Penile fracture is a rare urological emergency caused by blunt trauma to the erect penis and it may be accompanied by urethral injury. Complete urethral rupture is very uncommon and is usually managed by primary anastomosis. However, these patients are more likely to develop post-operative complications such as urethral strictures. Buccal mucosa graft is commonly used for substitution urethroplasty in management of urethral strictures, but its use has not been reported for immediate treatment in the setting of penile fracture. We report a patient with rupture of both corpora cavernosa, as well as the rupture of the urethra, after sexual intercourse. Buccal mucosa graft was used for surgical repair of urethral injury. At 36-month follow-up patient did not experience erectile or voiding problems. The application of this technique could possibly reduce the incidence of urethral strictures in these patients and further prospective studies with larger samples should be conducted.
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Wong NC, Dason S, Bansal RK, Davies TO, Braga LH. Can it wait? A systematic review of immediate vs. delayed surgical repair of penile fractures. Can Urol Assoc J 2017; 11:53-60. [PMID: 28443146 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Penile fractures have classically been thought to require immediate surgical intervention; however, recent series have described acceptable outcomes with delayed repair. In this systematic review, we compared complication rates between immediate and delayed repair of penile fractures. METHODS A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science was performed with predefined search terms between 1974 and 2015. Titles and abstracts were screened prior to full-text review and quality appraisal by two independent investigators. Abstracted outcomes included postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED), tunical scar formation, and penile curvature. Only studies reporting a direct comparison of complications following immediate (<24 hours from injury to presentation/surgery) and delayed (>24 hours) repair of penile fractures were included. RESULTS A total of 12 studies met inclusion criteria. All were retrospective, observational studies of low or moderate methodological quality. Of the reported 502 patients, 391 underwent immediate repair and 111 delayed repair. In the immediate repair group, the percent of patients with postoperative ED, tunical scars, and curvature were 6.6%, 5.4%, and 1.8%, respectively, while in the delayed group, the rates of ED, tunical scars, and curvature were 4.5% across the board. Rates of ED and tunical scar formation following immediate compared to delayed repair trended towards favouring immediate repair, but did not differ significantly, while rates of curvature significantly favoured immediate repair. However, cases of curvature were typically reported as mild and none affected sexual functioning. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review, we demonstrated that ED and tunical scar formation rates between immediate and delayed repair of penile fractures were statistically similar, while immediate repair had a lower rate of penile curvature. Although this suggests that a brief delay in repair may be acceptable in select patients, the results should be interpreted with caution, as the included studies were of low or moderate methodological quality. Most importantly, this review highlights the deficiencies in the current penile fracture literature, setting the stage to improve the quality of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn Dason
- Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rahul K Bansal
- Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Luis H Braga
- Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Rajih E, Alenizi A, El-Hakim A. Penile fracture with two ipsilateral corporal tears and delayed presentation: A case report. Can Urol Assoc J 2015; 9:E741-3. [PMID: 26664512 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although penile fracture is an infrequent injury, it is a well-described urologic emergency. It results from the rupture of the tunica albuginea of corpora cavernosa by blunt strain that mandates immediate surgical exploration. Reported cases are usually single tear unless contralateral corporal tear is present. We present a case of 56-year-old with intraoperative findings of two separate tears in the same corpus cavernosum. Clinical presentation was also delayed for 4 days post-injury and repair was performed on day 7. This case accentuates the need for a high index of suspicion to rule out concomitant ipsilateral tear. Delayed repair was possible, and full recovery ensued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Rajih
- Department of Urology, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Phillips EA, Esposito AJ, Munarriz R. Acute penile trauma and associated morbidity: 9-year experience at a tertiary care center. Andrology 2015; 3:632-6. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Phillips
- Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Boston Medical Center; Boston MA USA
| | - Anthony J. Esposito
- Department of Medicine; University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle WA USA
| | - Ricardo Munarriz
- Center for Sexual Medicine; Department of Urology; Boston Medical Center; Boston MA USA
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Waseem M, Upadhyay R, Kapoor R, Agyare S. Fracture of the penis: an atypical presentation. Int J Emerg Med 2013; 6:32. [PMID: 23941195 PMCID: PMC3765379 DOI: 10.1186/1865-1380-6-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fracture of the penis is an uncommon injury presenting to the emergency department (ED). Personal embarrassment and social scenarios associated with this condition may result in underreporting. Patients often delay seeking medical attention, and even when they do, as in our case report, they may withhold the condition for a significant time. ED physicians need to be aware of the social inhibitions and the need for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. A delay in treatment increases the risk of complications such as ischemia, necrosis and penile deformity.Fracture of the penis is caused by rupture of the tunica albuginea of one or both corpora cavernosa by a blunt trauma to the erect penis. Diagnosis is usually clinical as evident by the characteristic history and clinical presentation. Diagnostic modalities aid in the management of the fracture and associated injuries if present. But promptness in the recognition and initiation of treatment can significantly reduce the chances of post-injury complications. FINDINGS We present a case of penile fracture in a young male who presented to the ED with abdominal pain, but careful history and physical examination revealed penile fracture. A delay in diagnosis could have led to complications. CONCLUSION Our case report is an attempt to emphasize the need to suspect injury to the penis in a young adult who might present to the emergency department with an entirely different complaint and also to treat any penile trauma as an emergency. This report provides evidence of an uncommon and underreported clinical entity. A review of the pertinent literature is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem
- Lincoln Medical & Mental Health Center, 234 East 149th Street, Bronx, NY 10451, USA.
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El-Assmy A, El-Tholoth HS, Mohsen T, Ibrahiem EHI. Long-Term Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Penile Fracture Complicated by Urethral Rupture. J Sex Med 2010; 7:3784-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Al‐Shaiji TF, Amann J, Brock GB. Fractured Penis: Diagnosis and Management (CME). J Sex Med 2009; 6:3231-40; quiz 3241. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ateyah A, Mostafa T, Nasser TA, Shaeer O, Hadi AA, Al-Gabbar MA. Penile fracture: surgical repair and late effects on erectile function. J Sex Med 2008; 5:1496-502. [PMID: 18266649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Penile fracture is described as a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea because of blunt injury of an erect penis. AIM To assess the etiology, treatment maneuvers, and late effects of penile fractures treated by surgical repair. METHODS Thirty-three patients diagnosed provisionally as having fractured penises. Thirty patients were managed by immediate surgical repair and three by delayed repair. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES International Index of Erectile Function-5 for married cases and Single-question Self-report of Erectile Dysfunction questionnaires and recording complications after 2, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS The most common cause of fracture penis is self-inflicted acute bending (54.5%). The tear was visualized by ultrasound in 20/30 patients (66.7%) mostly on the right proximal third of the penis. All tears were unilateral with mean length 2.0 +/- 0.9 cm (range 0.5-4 cm). All patients who completed their follow-up after 6 months (N = 24) were able to achieve an adequate erection except two married cases who felt mild erectile dysfunction. Penile nodules were the most common postoperative complication (41.7%) after 6 months' follow-up. Patients treated with immediate or delayed repair had comparable complications. CONCLUSIONS Fracture penis is not uncommon as an emergency that must be repaired either immediately or delayed. Clinical diagnosis is more predictive than ultrasound in diagnosis and determining the site of the tear. Ultrasound may be of value in patients where there is clinical doubt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ateyah
- Andrology and Sexology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lee SH, Bak CW, Choi MH, Lee HS, Lee MS, Yoon SJ. Trauma to male genital organs: a 10-year review of 156 patients, including 118 treated by surgery. BJU Int 2007; 101:211-5. [PMID: 17922859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess testicular rupture, scrotal haematoma, penile fracture and penile injury, comparing the prognoses of surgery and conservative management, as trauma to male external genital organs can cause devastating effects on patients and their partners. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 156 male patients who presented to our emergency centre with trauma to the external genital organs between January 1996 and March 2006. RESULTS In all, 74 patients had testicular rupture, 32 penile fracture, 26 a penile injury and 24 a scrotal haematoma (mean age 27.8 years). The main cause of trauma was assault (52, 33%). Four of 14 patients with penile trauma who were managed conservatively had complications. Of 20 patients, 17 had a partial orchidectomy and were followed for a month after surgery; scrotal ultrasonography showed three cases of testicular atrophy. The mean hospital stay was less for patients with surgical intervention, at 6.4 days, than for those managed conservatively, at 8.7 days (P < 0.05). A visual analogue pain scale showed less pain in patients who were surgically treated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Prompt surgical intervention is crucial; it should be considered by urologists, and is strongly recommended. Ultrasonography was highly sensitive and specific, and should be used in all patients with trauma to the external genital organs, to aid diagnosis and evaluation before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Lee
- Department of Urology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
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Derouiche A, Belhaj K, Hentati H, Hafsia G, Slama MRB, Chebil M. Management of penile fractures complicated by urethral rupture. Int J Impot Res 2007; 20:111-4. [PMID: 17673928 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The combination of lesions of the penile urethra and the corpus cavernosum is rare and likely to go unremarked. It worsens the immediate and long-term prognosis and poses a problem of management. Among 312 cases of penile fracture, we performed a retrospective study of a series of 10-case of traumatic corpora cavernosa rupture complicated with urethral rupture, treated in the department of Urology at 'Charles Nicolle' Hospital in Tunis. The median patients' age was 30 years. The most common mechanism was manipulation of an erect penis, found in six cases. Urethral rupture was suspected in all patients given the presence of bloody urethral discharge. No preoperative radiographic investigations were necessary. All patients underwent immediate surgical exploration. The urethral injury was always partial and localized at the level of the corpora tear. Surgical repair of both urethral and corpora tear was done in all patients. The follow up was uneventful. Urethrography at the removal of the transurethral catheter did not visualize contrast extravasation in any patient. No urethral stricture or erectile complaints were noted within a 36-month mean follow-up. Urethral rupture must be suspected in any case of penile fracture presenting with bloody urethral discharge. Standard treatment is immediate surgical repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Derouiche
- Department of Urology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Kulovac B, Aganović D, Junuzović D, Prcić A, Hadziosmanović O, Bazardzanović M, Hodzić H. Surgical treatment and complications of penile fractures. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2007; 7:37-9. [PMID: 17489766 PMCID: PMC5802284 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2007.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper goal is to determine complications after urgent surgical treatment of patient with penile fractures, by using circumferential-degloving technique (degloving penile skin to root of penis). In period between 1998-2006 year, 23 patients have been treated as urgent cases with clinically proven penis fracture, age between 18 and 35. Patients were treated in 3 medical centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina(Sarajevo, Tuzla and Zenica). All 23 (100%) patients were injured during sexual intercourse. In the case of 20 (86,9%) patients partial rupture of corpus cavernosum was verified. Two (8,6%) patients had a complete rupture of urethra and it was primary sutured. In 22 cases (95,6%) spontaneous erection appeared, and in the case of 2 (8,6%) patients penile curvature was verified. Urgent surgical treatment is the best therapy choice, which enables preservation of erection in great number of cases in patients with penile fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kulovac
- Urology Clinic, Clinical University Center Sarajevo, Bolnicka 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Abstract
Injuries to anterior urethra are uncommon, mainly due to blunt trauma, and rarely associated with pelvic fractures or life threatening multiple lesions. Straddle type injury is the most frequent lesion, in which the immobile bulbar urethra is crushed or compressed on the inferior surface to the pubic symphysis. Diagnosis of urethral injury is easy, suspected due to trauma circumstances, presence of urethrorragy or initial hematuria, and eventually difficult micturition and penile scrotal for perineoscrotal hematoma. It should always be confirmed and classified by retrograde urethro-gram, realized either immediately or after a few days. Initial acute management is suprapubic cystostomy, if possible before any attempt of urethral catheterization or miction. Urethral contusions only require this urinary diversion or urethral catheter for a few days and usually heal without any sequelae. Management of partial and complete disruptions remains controversial: suprapubic diversion only and secondary endoscopic or open surgical repair of the urethral stricture that occurs in the great majority of the cases (always after complete disruption), early endoscopic realignment and prolonged urethral catheterization (4 for 8 weeks according to the lesion), in partial disruptions, more controversial in complete disruptions; delayed (after a few days) open surgical repair (urethrorraphy) that is the preferred European and French attitude for complete disruptions. Penetrating anterior urethral trauma and urethral lesions associated with penile fracture require immediate surgical exploration and repair if possible. After anterior urethral disruption, the main morbidity is urethral stricture very often requiring surgical treatment (visual urethrotomy if the structure is short, end to end spatulated urethrorraphy, flap or graft urethroplasty if longer).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Biserte
- Service d'urologie, hôpital Claude Huriez, CHRU Lille, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille, France.
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Cole FL, Vogler RW. Fractured penis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS 2006; 18:45-8. [PMID: 16460409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2006.00106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide nurse practitioners (NP) with information concerning the uncommon occurrence of penile fracture, a review of the anatomy and physiology of the penile shaft, signs and symptoms to be included in assessment, diagnostic tests, treatment, and referral are discussed. DATA SOURCES Current literature available in journals and textbook, and clinical experience. CONCLUSIONS Penile fracture, although an uncommon incident, is an urgent condition that requires a urology consult and surgical repair. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Because of the serious nature of this injury and the potential for complications, NPs need to obtain an urgent urology consult when penile fracture is suspected or diagnosed. The characteristic typical clinical presentation usually eliminates the need for expensive or invasive tests for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L Cole
- Department of Acute and Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abstract
Urethral injuries are uncommon and rarely life-threatening in isolation. They are, how-ever, among the most devastating urinary system injuries because of significant long-term sequelae, including strictures, incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Urethral trauma may be categorized by mechanism of injury (ie, blunt versus penetrating injury) and by location (ie, posterior versus anterior urethra). Injuries to the posterior urethra are classically associated with pelvic fractures, while anterior urethral trauma usually arises secondary to injudicious instrumentation or perineal straddle injury. This article reviews the major etiologies and mechanisms of urethral trauma, describes how these injuries are diagnosed, and explains classifications of urethral trauma. Timely and accurate diagnosis and classification of urethral injuries leads to appropriate acute management and reduced long-term morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Rosenstein
- Division of Urology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 South Bascom Avenue, San Jose, CA 95128, USA.
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van der Horst C, Martínez Portillo FJ, Bannowsky A, Seif C, Juenemann KP. Penile fractures: controversy over surgical or conservative treatment. BJU Int 2003; 92:349-50. [PMID: 12930416 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C van der Horst
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Germany.
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HSU GENGLONG, HSIEH CHENGHSING, WEN HSIENSHENG, CHIANG TZUJANKANGHANSUN. CURVATURE CORRECTION IN PATIENTS WITH TUNICAL RUPTURE: A NECESSARY ADJUNCT TO REPAIR. J Urol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GENG-LONG HSU
- From the Division of Urology, Po-Jen General Hospital, Taiwan Adventist Hospital and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - CHENG-HSING HSIEH
- From the Division of Urology, Po-Jen General Hospital, Taiwan Adventist Hospital and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - HSIEN-SHENG WEN
- From the Division of Urology, Po-Jen General Hospital, Taiwan Adventist Hospital and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - TZU-JAN KANG HAN-SUN CHIANG
- From the Division of Urology, Po-Jen General Hospital, Taiwan Adventist Hospital and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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CURVATURE CORRECTION IN PATIENTS WITH TUNICAL RUPTURE:. J Urol 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200203000-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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