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Campbell RG, Douglas RG, Zadro J, Gamble A, Chan CL, Mackey MG, Pappas E. Don't Just Stand There. Rethinking the Ideal Body Posture for Otorhinolaryngologists. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2024; 133:355-362. [PMID: 38044532 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231214035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Surgeons have a high rate of work-related musculoskeletal injuries; an area that has received little attention. These injuries result in surgeons performing less efficiently, needing to take time off work, suffering higher rates of burnout, and may ultimately lead surgeons to retire earlier than planned. Otorhinolaryngologists are at particular risk for work-related musculoskeletal injuries. Beyond the clinician, sustaining such injuries can negatively impact patient safety. Ergonomic interventions have been used effectively to reduce work-related musculoskeletal injuries in other professions, yet not in surgery. With traditional teachings of ideal body postures to avoid injury and manual handling training being re-evaluated, it is important to explore evidence based interventions for reducing work-related musculoskeletal injuries in otorhinolaryngologists. New research encourages us to shift the focus away from the traditional one-size-fits-all approach to ergonomics and toward postural recommendations and education that promote a dynamic, individualized approach to avoiding sustained, static and awkward postures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raewyn G Campbell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard G Douglas
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joshua Zadro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Gamble
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Cliffton L Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin G Mackey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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2
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DiFrancisco-Donoghue J, Rothstein A, Jung MK, Zwibel H, Werner WG. Upper body compression wear improves muscle oxygenation following intense video game training: a randomized cross-over study among competitive gamers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:108. [PMID: 37697389 PMCID: PMC10496220 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esport players require a high number of action moves per minute to play, with substantial contractions of the wrist extensor muscles. Players frequently suffer from acute fatigue. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of below the elbow compression sleeves on Sm02 during intense aim training. Secondly, to examine players' performance and perception with and without compression. METHODS This study was conducted at the New York Institute of Technology and enrolled fifteen collegiate esport players, 2 women and 13 men (age 21.2 ± 2.2). All subjects signed written consent. Participants performed 3 high intensity bouts of an aim trainer followed by a 15-minute rest before doing another 3 bouts of high intensity training conducting the other arm of the study. The compression wear order was randomized. The primary outcome included Sm02 of the extensor carpi radialis longus using near-infrared spectrometry. Secondary outcomes included Kills Per Second (KPS), Score, Total Time to Kill (TTK), accuracy, and perceived performance. RESULTS Following 15 min of recovery, there was a significant rise in Sm02 while wearing the compression sleeve compared to no compression sleeve (p = 0.004). No change in Sm02 was seen while gaming. In trials 1 and 2, wearing the compression sleeve resulted in a significant increase in KPS and score when compared to not wearing it (p = 0.002,0.006). Although TTK and accuracy did not alter, 46.7% of participants believed the compression sleeve aided their performance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides support that wearing below the elbow upper body compression sleeves while performing high intensity gaming may reduce fatigue, improve muscle recovery and gaming performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05037071. Registered 08/09/2021. URL: Arm Compression on Muscle Oxygen Saturation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne DiFrancisco-Donoghue
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology/Academic Health Care Center, College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM), Northern Blvd, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568, USA.
| | - Alexander Rothstein
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | | | - Hallie Zwibel
- Department of Family Medicine, NYITCOM, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - William G Werner
- School of Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), Old Westbury, NY, USA
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3
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Mirakhmedova S, Amirkhanov A, Seliverstov E, Efremova O, Zolotukhin I. Daily Duration of Compression Treatment in Chronic Venous Disease Patients: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1316. [PMID: 37763085 PMCID: PMC10533179 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There are no data on the daily regimen of compression therapy in patients with chronic venous disease. This systematic review aimed to establish the optimal daily duration of compression treatment. Methods: A systematic search of CENTRAL and MEDLINE was performed to identify RCTs, non-RCTs, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines evaluating the use of compression regimens in the treatment of varicose veins. Results: Thirty-two RCTs, three non-RCTs, four observational studies, and two crossover trials reporting the duration and regimes of compression treatment fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The daily duration of compression was reported in patients after invasive treatment, for venous ulcer treatment, in patients with venous symptoms. The quality of the studies varied. We could not conduct a meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of the research data and their quality. Twenty-three studies reported results of compression usage after invasive procedures. Eight studies reported daily duration regimens in patients with venous ulcers. Nine studies reported the impact of compression on venous symptoms and/or edema or limb volume change. One study was conducted to assess if compression improves QoL in venous patients. While there was a clear difference found in the daily duration depending on the clinical scenario, no data in support of exact regimens were found. Conclusions: There are no reliable data supporting exact daily regimens of compression treatment in various cohorts of CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Igor Zolotukhin
- Department of Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; (S.M.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (O.E.)
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Garcia MG, Roman MG, Davila A, Martin BJ. Comparison of Physiological Effects Induced by Two Compression Stockings and Regular Socks During Prolonged Standing Work. HUMAN FACTORS 2023; 65:562-574. [PMID: 34078143 PMCID: PMC10210207 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211022126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare lower-leg muscle fatigue, edema, and discomfort induced by the prolonged standing of security guards wearing regular socks and those wearing 15-20 or 20-30 mmHg compression stockings as intervention. BACKGROUND Compression stockings are sometimes used by individuals standing all day at work. However, quantitative evidence showing their potential benefits for lower-leg health issues in healthy individuals during real working conditions is lacking. METHOD Forty male security employees participated in the study. All were randomly assigned to the control or one of the two intervention groups (I15-20 or I20-30). Lower-leg muscle twitch force, volume, and discomfort ratings were measured before and after their regular 12-hr standing work shift. RESULTS Significant evidence of lower-leg long-lasting muscle fatigue, edema, and discomfort was observed after standing work for guards wearing regular socks. However, no significant changes were found for guards wearing either compression stockings. CONCLUSION In healthy individuals, compression stockings seem to attenuate efficiently the tested outcomes in the lower leg resulting from prolonged standing. APPLICATION Occupational activities requiring prolonged standing may benefit from 15-20 or 20-30 mmHg compression stockings. As similar benefits were observed for both levels of compression, the lower level may be sufficient.
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Walsh CM. Enhancing Ergonomics in Pediatric Endoscopy Training and Practice. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2023; 33:235-251. [PMID: 36948744 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric endoscopists are at risk of work-related injuries from overuse and repetitive motions during endoscopy. Recently, there has been increasing appreciation for the importance of ergonomics education and training to help build long-term habits that prevent injury. This article reviews the epidemiology of endoscopy-related injuries in pediatric practice, describes methods for controlling exposures in the workplace, discusses key ergonomic principles that can be used to mitigate injury risk, and outlines tips for integrating education on endoscopy ergonomics during training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine M Walsh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the SickKids Research and Learning Institutes, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics and The Wilson Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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6
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Kirmizi M, Sengul YS, Yalcinkaya G, Angin S. Are Static Foot Posture Measures Related to Static and Dynamic Plantar Pressure Parameters? J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2022; 112:20-129. [PMID: 36525325 DOI: 10.7547/20-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few studies have investigated the relationship between foot posture measures and plantar pressure parameters, but no study has investigated the correlation of foot posture measures with all primary parameters consisting of contact area (CA), maximum force (MF), and peak pressure (PP). We aimed to determine the relationship of the Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6) and navicular drop (ND) with plantar pressure parameters during static standing and preferred walking. METHODS Seventy people were included. Navicular drop and the FPI-6 were used to assess foot posture. Plantar pressure parameters including CA, MF, and PP were recorded by a pressure-sensitive mat during barefoot standing and barefoot walking at preferred speed. All assessments were repeated three times and averaged. Pearson correlation coefficients below 0.300 were accepted as negligible and higher ones were interpreted. RESULTS Navicular drop was moderately correlated with dynamic CA under the midfoot and second metatarsal; also, the FPI-6 was moderately correlated with dynamic CA under the midfoot (0.500 < r < 0.700). The other interpreted correlations were poor (0.300 < r < 0.500). Both measures were correlated with dynamic CA under the second and third metatarsals; dynamic CA and MF under the midfoot; and static CA, MF, and PP under the first metatarsal and hallux (P < .01). Navicular drop was also correlated with dynamic MF under the first metatarsal and dynamic CA under the fourth metatarsal (P < .01). Furthermore, ND was correlated with static CA and PP under the second metatarsal and static PP under the fifth metatarsal (P < .01). The FPI-6 was also correlated with dynamic MF and PP under the hallux (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS The correlations between foot posture measures and plantar pressure variables are poor to moderate. The measures may be useful in the clinical assessment of medial forefoot problems related to prolonged standing and midfoot complaints related to high force during walking. Furthermore, the FPI-6 may provide valuable data regarding hallux complaints related to the high loads during walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Kirmizi
- *Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir, Turkey
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Hardy D. Lipoedema: what it is. Br J Community Nurs 2022; 27:S24-S27. [PMID: 36070338 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2022.27.sup9.s24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hardy
- Lymphoedema Nurse Consultant, Kendal Lymphology Centre, Kendal, Cumbria, UK; Board Member of the International Lipoedema Association (ILA), Patient Liason
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Brown F, Jeffries O, Gissane C, Howatson G, van Someren K, Pedlar C, Myers T, Hill JA. Custom-Fitted Compression Garments Enhance Recovery From Muscle Damage in Rugby Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:212-219. [PMID: 32091467 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brown, F, Jeffries, O, Gissane, C, Howatson, G, van Someren, K, Pedlar, C, Myers, T, and Hill, JA. Custom-fitted compression garments enhance recovery from muscle damage in rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 212-219, 2022-to evaluate the effects of custom-fitted compression garments (CG) on recovery from muscle damage in rugby players. Forty-five players were tested for lower-body strength, power, and indices of muscle damage before completing a damaging protocol (20 × 20-m sprints with 5-m deceleration, 100 drop jumps). Players were randomly assigned to wear either custom-fitted (CF, n = 13), or standard-sized CG (SSG, n = 16), or to receive sham ultrasound therapy (CON, n = 16) immediately after exercise. Players were retested immediately, then after 24 and 48 hours. Strength recovery was significantly different between groups (F = 2.7, p = 0.02), with only CF recovering to baseline values by 48 hours (p = 0.973). Time × condition effects were also apparent for creatine kinase activity (χ2 = 30.4, p < 0.001) and midthigh girth (F = 3.7, p = 0.005), with faster recovery apparent in CF compared with both CON and SSG (p < 0.05). Custom-fitted CG improved strength recovery and indices of muscle damage in rugby players, compared with controls and standard-sized garments. Athletes and coaches would be advised to use appropriately fitted CG to enhance strength recovery after damaging exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Brown
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Jeffries
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Gissane
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life of Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Water Research Group, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ken van Someren
- Faculty of Health and Life of Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Pedlar
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Tony Myers
- Physical Education and Sports Studies, Newman University College, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica A Hill
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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9
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Bates AV, McGregor AH, Alexander CM. Prolonged standing behaviour in people with joint hypermobility syndrome. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:1005. [PMID: 34852804 PMCID: PMC8638551 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) is a rare Heritable Disorder of Connective tissue characterised by generalised joint laxity and chronic widespread pain. Joint Hypermobility Syndrome has a large impact on patients’ day to day activities, and many complain of symptoms when standing for prolonged periods. This study investigates whether people with JHS exhibit the same behaviours to deal with the effects of prolonged standing as people with equal hypermobility and no pain, and people with normal flexibility and no pain. Methods Twenty three people with JHS, 22 people with Generalised Joint Hypermobility (GJH), and 22 people with normal flexibility (NF) were asked to stand for a maximum of 15 min across two force-plates. Fidgets were counted and quantified using a cumulative sum algorithm and sway parameters of the quiet standing periods between fidgets were calculated. Results Average standing time for participants with JHS was 7.35 min and none stood for the full 15 min. All participants with GJH and NF completed 15 min of standing. There were no differences in fidgeting behaviour between any groups. There was a difference in anteroposterior sway (p = .029) during the quiet standing periods. Conclusion There is no evidence to suggest people with JHS exhibit different fidgeting behaviour. Increased anteroposterior-sway may suggest a muscle weakness and strengthening muscles around the ankle may reduce postural sway and potentially improve the ability to stand for prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison H McGregor
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Therapies, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, W6 8RF, UK
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10
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Abstract
Optimal endoscopic operations incorporate ergonomic principles into the endoscopy environment benefiting endoscopists, endoscopy unit personnel, and patients. A high prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal injuries is well established among endoscopists and gastroenterology nurses. Ergonomics can be integrated into all facets of the endoscopy unit including scheduling, endoscopy unit design, training programs, and investment in technology. Preprocedure, intraprocedure, and postprocedure areas should aim to deliver patient safety, privacy, and comfort, while also supporting endoscopists and staff with adjustable rooms and effective work flows. Team-wide educational initiatives can improve ergonomic awareness. These strategies help mitigate risks for musculoskeletal injuries and can lead to increased productivity. The COVID-19 area brings novel challenges to endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lipowska
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, CSB Suite 741 (MC 716), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Amandeep K Shergill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, 4150 Clement Street, VA 111B/ GI Section, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Tapanya W, Puntumetakul R, Neubert MS, Hunsawong T, Boucaut R. Ergonomic arm support prototype device for smartphone users reduces neck and shoulder musculoskeletal loading and fatigue. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 95:103458. [PMID: 33991854 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone use is a risk factor for both neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate an ergonomic arm support prototype device, which may help improve posture while using a smartphone, by determining its effect on muscle activity, muscle fatigue, and neck and shoulder discomfort. Twenty-four healthy young adult smartphone users performed 20 min of smartphone game playing under two different conditions, smartphone use with support prototype device (i.e. intervention condition) and without (i.e. control condition), while neck and shoulder posture were controlled at 0° neck flexion and 30° shoulder flexion. Activity and fatigue of four muscles were measured using surface electromyography (sEMG), these were: anterior deltoid (AD), cervical erector spinae (CES), upper trapezius (UT) and lower trapezius (LT). The intervention condition showed significantly decreased activity of all muscles. Fatigue of all muscles, except LT, significantly increased over time compared to the start point in the control condition. There was no significant difference in muscle fatigue between each time point in the intervention condition. In conclusion, the ergonomic arm support prototype device can be used as ergonomic intervention to reduce neck and shoulder muscle loading and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerasak Tapanya
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Manida Swangnetr Neubert
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Program of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Torkamol Hunsawong
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rose Boucaut
- University of South Australia: Allied Health and Human Performance, iCAHE (International Centre for Allied Health Evidence), Adelaide, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bertsch
- Földi Clinic, Hinterzarten-European Center of Lymphology, Germany
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Abstract
Objective To assess the impact of repetitive movements of the thumb caused by playing a smartphone game continuously for 30 min. Methods This study recruited healthy volunteers. They were instructed to play a game called Subway Surfers, which ran continuously. Subjects played the game for 30 min. The function of the abductor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis brevis muscles was assessed by surface electromyography and the signals were obtained at 10 min, 20 min and 30 min. The median frequency (MDF) was used as an indicator of muscle fatigue. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the subjective discomfort of the volunteers. Results Twelve subjects participated in this study. The MDF of the abductor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis brevis muscles decreased significantly over the test period. The MDF of the extensor pollicis brevis had decreased significantly by 10 min after the start of the gaming session, while the abductor pollicis brevis had decreased significantly by 20 min. The VAS scores significantly increased after 30 min of continuous gaming. Conclusions This study suggests that playing continuous games on a smartphone might result in chronic muscle injury. Continuous gaming time should be kept below 20 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, Ministry of Education of P. R. China, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyun Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, Ministry of Education of P. R. China, Shanghai, China
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Chohan A, Haworth L, Sumner S, Olivier M, Birdsall D, Whitaker J. Examination of the effects of a new compression garment on skin tissue oxygenation in healthy volunteers. J Wound Care 2019; 28:429-435. [PMID: 31295092 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2019.28.7.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compression devices have been shown to reduce venous stasis, increase blood flow and skin tissue oxygenation (StO2), promoting healthy tissue. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of a new compression garment in three different positions in healthy adults. METHODS In this quantitative study, potential participants were screened and recruited using the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q, Canada). Participants attended three separate, one-hour sessions to evaluate StO2 in supine-lying, chair-sitting and long-sitting positions. StO2 was recorded for 20 minutes pre-, during and post- a 20-minute intervention using a compression garment, TributeWrap (Lohmann-Rauscher, Germany). A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed by post-hoc pairwise comparisons. RESULTS A total of 28 healthy volunteers took part (aged 24.6 ±8.4years; 13 males, 15 females). A significant difference was seen between the three positions (p<0.001). Chair-sitting had the lowest StO2 pre-intervention, increasing StO2 significantly (32.25%, p<0.001) during wear of the compression garment (24.8% higher than baseline post-intervention). No significant difference was seen between long sitting and supine-lying (p=1.000). In contrast, long-sitting and supine-lying StO2 was higher pre-intervention compared with chair-sitting and only increased post-intervention (11% and 16.8% respectively, p<0.001) compared with baseline. CONCLUSION The compression garment significantly increased StO2 levels in both seating positions. Further studies are required to determine if increasing StO2 through short intervention sessions with this device has the potential to improve self-management of tissue health in individuals with reduced mobility, oedema or venous insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Chohan
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Lauren Haworth
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Simon Sumner
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Mairi Olivier
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Daniel Birdsall
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Justine Whitaker
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.,Northern Lymphology Limited, Slaidburn, Lancashire, UK
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15
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Grobler SH, Mostert K, Becker P. The impact of a change in work posture from seated to stand-up on work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sewing-machine operators. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:699-711. [PMID: 29876956 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related postural change could lead to improved musculoskeletal health. METHOD(S) In a quantitative, retrospective, longitudinal study, data of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of 123 sewing-machine operators were captured for 4.5 years, and analysed using Poisson regression. RESULTS Stand-up work posture (SUWP) reduced the incidence for spinal disorders (SD) to 0.29 fold the incidence for sitting work posture (SWP) (P < 0.001). Morbid obesity had significantly increased (P = 0.04) incidence of upper limb disorders (ULD), 3.35 times that of normal body mass index (BMI) (regardless of work posture). SUWP was associated with increased IRR (1.49) for lower limb disorders (LLD). LLDs were associated with obesity (overweight (IRR = 2.58; P = 0.08), obese (IRR = 2.45; P = 0.09), and morbidly obese (IRR = 6.24; P = 0.001)). CONCLUSIONS The protective benefit of the SUWP was statistically significant for SD incidence. Owing to high mean BMI, SUWP had a negative impact on the incidence of LLDs for the first 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Grobler
- Physiotherapy Private Practice, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Karien Mostert
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Piet Becker
- Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Sugahara I, Doi M, Nakayama R, Sasaki K. Acute effect of wearing compression stockings on lower leg swelling and muscle stiffness in healthy young women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2018; 38:1046-1053. [PMID: 29862634 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Compression stockings are known to be effective in reducing peripheral oedema or leg swelling by increasing tissue pressure and venous blood flow. While previous studies on compression stockings have focused on its prolonged, preventive effect on leg swelling, the aim of this study was to investigate an acute effect of wearing compression stockings on lower leg swelling and muscle stiffness. Twenty healthy women aged 18-23 years participated in the experiment conducted in the evening, in which they wore below-knee graduated compression stockings and rested in a seated position for 30 min. Before and after the application of stockings, maximum calf circumference, volume, extracellular water resistance (RECW ) and muscle stiffness of the right lower leg were determined by tape measure, water displacement volumetry, segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and ultrasound shear-wave elastography, respectively. The maximum calf circumference and the reciprocal of RECW (an index of extracellular fluid volume) significantly decreased after the application of stockings, whereas the total lower leg volume and the stiffness (shear modulus) of the medial gastrocnemius muscle tended to decrease. These changes, except for that in the medial gastrocnemius muscle stiffness, were opposite to those from morning to evening studied in the subgroup of participants (n = 8). However, partial correlation analysis failed to detect significant associations among these changes. These results suggest that even for a short period of application, compression stockings have some positive effects against lower leg swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Sugahara
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Doi
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rinko Nakayama
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Sasaki
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Barss TS, Pearcey GEP, Munro B, Bishop JL, Zehr EP. Effects of a compression garment on sensory feedback transmission in the human upper limb. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:186-195. [PMID: 29641310 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00581.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compression apparel is popular in both medical and sport performance settings. Perceived benefits are suggested to include changes in sensory feedback transmission caused by activation of mechanoreceptors. However, little is known about effects of compression apparel on sensorimotor control. Our purpose was to mechanistically examine whether compression apparel modulates sensory feedback transmission and reaching accuracy in the upper limb. Two experiments were completed under CONTROL and COMPRESSION (sleeve applied across the elbow joint) conditions. M-waves and H-reflexes were elicited by stimulating the median nerve and were recorded via surface electromyography (EMG). In experiment 1, H-reflexes and M-H recruitment curves were assessed at REST, during wrist flexion (10% EMGmax), and during a cutaneous conditioning of the superficial radial (SR) or distal median (MED) nerve. Cutaneous reflexes were elicited during 10% wrist flexion via stimulation of SR or MED. In experiment 2, unconditioned H-reflex measures were assessed at rest, during arm cycling, and during a discrete reaching task. Results indicate that compression apparel modulates spinal cord excitability across multiple sensory pathways and movement tasks. Interestingly, there was a significant improvement in reaching accuracy while wearing the compression sleeve. Taken together, the compression sleeve appears to increase precision and sensitivity around the joint where the sleeve is applied. Compression apparel may function as a "filter" of irrelevant mechanoreceptor information allowing for optimal task-related sensory information to enhance proprioception. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Wearing a customized compression sleeve was shown to alter the excitability of multiple pathways within the central nervous system regardless of conditioning input or movement task and was accompanied by improved accuracy of reaching movements and determination of movement end point. Compression apparel may assist as a type of "filter function" of tonic and nonspecific mechanoreceptor information leading to increased precision and movement sensitivity around the joint where compression is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S Barss
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Gregory E P Pearcey
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Bridget Munro
- Nike Sport Research Lab, Nike Exploration Team, NIKE Inc. , Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Jennifer L Bishop
- Nike Sport Research Lab, Nike Exploration Team, NIKE Inc. , Beaverton, Oregon
| | - E Paul Zehr
- Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia , Canada
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18
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Smale BA, Northey JM, Smee DJ, Versey NG, Rattray B. Compression garments and cerebral blood flow: Influence on cognitive and exercise performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 18:315-322. [PMID: 29239696 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1413139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the effect of compression garments on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv) in relation to cognitive and exercise performance whilst cycling. In a randomised-controlled-cross-over design, 15 well-trained male cyclists were recruited to participate in three identical trials wearing loose fitting shorts (control), low-grade, or medium-grade compression garments. The protocol involved four 8 min increments of cycling at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 85% maximal power output and a 4 km time-trial. Participants undertook a cognitive Stroop task at baseline and at the midpoint of each increment. MCAv was monitored with Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2) were measured throughout. MCAv, MAP, PetCO2, and reaction time of the complex Stroop task were influenced by exercise intensity, but not compression garments. Compression garments significantly affected cognitive accuracy in the complex Stroop task such that low-grade compression appeared to enhance cognitive accuracy in comparison to the control condition at the highest intensity (p = .010). Time-trial performance did not differ between the control (338.0 ± 17.3 s), low-grade (338.7 ± 18.7 s), or medium-grade (342.2 ± 19.3 s) conditions (p = .114). Compression garments did not affect MCAv during exercise or time-trial performance, but compression may be beneficial for improved cognitive accuracy during high-intensity exercise. Further research is required to elucidate the potential impact on cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Smale
- a Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health , University of Canberra , Canberra , Australia.,b The University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE) , Canberra , Australia
| | - Joseph M Northey
- a Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health , University of Canberra , Canberra , Australia.,b The University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE) , Canberra , Australia
| | - Disa J Smee
- a Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health , University of Canberra , Canberra , Australia
| | - Nathan G Versey
- c Physiology , Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra , Australia
| | - Ben Rattray
- a Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health , University of Canberra , Canberra , Australia.,b The University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE) , Canberra , Australia
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19
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Brown F, Gissane C, Howatson G, van Someren K, Pedlar C, Hill J. Compression Garments and Recovery from Exercise: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2017; 47:2245-2267. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Kupchak BR, Kraemer WJ, Hooper DR, Saenz C, Dulkis LL, Secola PJ, Brown LE, Galpin AJ, Coburn JW, DuPont WH, Caldwell LK, Volek JS, Maresh CM. The effects of a transcontinental flight on markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy men after vigorous physical activity. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:148-161. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1247851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Kupchak
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - William J. Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David R. Hooper
- Department of Health Sciences, Armstrong State University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Cathy Saenz
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lexie L. Dulkis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Paul J. Secola
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lee E. Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Galpin
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Jared W. Coburn
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - William H. DuPont
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lydia K. Caldwell
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeff S. Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carl M. Maresh
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Kim SY, Koo SJ. Effect of duration of smartphone use on muscle fatigue and pain caused by forward head posture in adults. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1669-72. [PMID: 27390391 PMCID: PMC4932032 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The effect of duration of smartphone use on neck and shoulder muscle fatigue
and pain was investigated in adults with forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods]
Thirty-four adults with forward head posture were classified into groups by duration of
smartphone use: 11 used a smartphone for 10 minutes each (group 1), 12 for 20 minutes each
(group 2), and 11 for 30 minutes each (group 3). Fatigue cervical erector spinae and upper
trapezius muscles was measured by electromyography, and pain before and after the
experiment was evaluated using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. [Results] There was a
significant difference in the degree of fatigue in the left upper trapezius muscles in
group 2 and left cervical erector spinae and bilateral upper trapeziuses group 3. There
was a significant difference in fatigue in the left upper trapezius in groups 1 and 3. The
VAS showed significant differences in all groups before and after the experiment and
between groups 1 and 3. [Conclusion] Pain and fatigue worsened with longer smartphone use.
This study provided data on the proper duration of smartphone use. Correct posture and
breaks of at least 20 minutes are recommend when using smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Yeol Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ja Koo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Republic of Korea
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22
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Chan V, Duffield R, Watsford M. The effects of compression garments on performance of prolonged manual-labour exercise and recovery. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:125-32. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of wearing compression garments during and 24 h following a 4-h exercise protocol simulating manual-labour tasks. Ten physically trained male participants, familiar with labouring activities, undertook 4 h of work tasks characteristic of industrial workplaces. Participants completed 2 testing sessions, separated by at least 1 week. In the experimental condition, participants wore a full-length compression top and compression shorts during the exercise protocol and overnight recovery, with normal work clothes worn in the control condition. Testing for serum creatine kinase and C-reactive protein, handgrip strength, knee flexion and extension torque, muscle stiffness, perceived muscle soreness and fatigue as well as heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses to 4-min cycling were performed before, following, and 24 h after exercise. Creatine kinase, muscle soreness, and rating of perceived fatigue increased following the exercise protocol (p < 0.05) as did RPE to a standardised cycling warm-up bout. Conversely, no postexercise changes were observed in C-reactive protein, handgrip strength, peak knee flexion torque, or stiffness measures (p > 0.05). Knee extension torque was significantly higher in the control condition at 24 h postexercise (3.1% ± 5.4% change; compression: 2.2% ± 11.1% change), although no other variables were different between conditions at any time. However, compression demonstrated a moderate–large effect (d > 0.60) to reduce perceived muscle soreness, fatigue, and RPE from standardised warm-up at 24 h postexercise. The current findings suggest that compression may assist in perceptual recovery from manual-labour exercise with implications for the ability to perform subsequent work bouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Chan
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
| | - Mark Watsford
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
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23
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Armstrong SA, Till ES, Maloney SR, Harris GA. Compression socks and functional recovery following marathon running: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 29:528-33. [PMID: 25627452 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Compression socks have become a popular recovery aid for distance running athletes. Although some physiological markers have been shown to be influenced by wearing these garments, scant evidence exists on their effects on functional recovery. This research aims to shed light onto whether the wearing of compression socks for 48 hours after marathon running can improve functional recovery, as measured by a timed treadmill test to exhaustion 14 days following marathon running. Athletes (n = 33, age, 38.5 ± 7.2 years) participating in the 2012 Melbourne, 2013 Canberra, or 2013 Gold Coast marathons were recruited and randomized into the compression sock or placebo group. A graded treadmill test to exhaustion was performed 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after each marathon. Time to exhaustion, average and maximum heart rates were recorded. Participants were asked to wear their socks for 48 hours immediately after completion of the marathon. The change in treadmill times (seconds) was recorded for each participant. Thirty-three participants completed the treadmill protocols. In the compression group, average treadmill run to exhaustion time 2 weeks after the marathon increased by 2.6% (52 ± 103 seconds). In the placebo group, run to exhaustion time decreased by 3.4% (-62 ± 130 seconds), P = 0.009. This shows a significant beneficial effect of compression socks on recovery compared with placebo. The wearing of below-knee compression socks for 48 hours after marathon running has been shown to improve functional recovery as measured by a graduated treadmill test to exhaustion 2 weeks after the event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Armstrong
- 1Anglesea Sports Medicine, Hamilton, New Zealand; 2Albury Emergency Department, Albury Wodonga Health, Albury, Australia; 3Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and 4MP Sports Physicians, Melbourne, Australia
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24
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Mathews S, James S, Anderson JD, Merchant M, Benenati S, Henry S, Comrie G, Pirani S, Zellinger M. Effect of Elastic Bandage Wraps on Leg Edema in Patients before and after Liver Transplant. Prog Transplant 2015; 25:302-6, 331. [DOI: 10.7182/pit2015877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Context— Few studies have evaluated the benefits of short-term use of compression therapy to prevent or minimize edema and/or pain in the legs of acutely ill, hospitalized patients without venous leg ulcers. Objective— To determine if the use of elastic bandage wraps of the leg in patients before and after liver transplant decreases edema formation and pain in the leg. Study Population— A convenience sample of inpatients before and after liver transplant. Study Design— Pretest, posttest, randomized controlled trial with each participant serving as his or her own control. Intervention— Elastic bandage wrap applied to leg for 8 hours. Outcome Measures— Edema and pain in leg. Results— In 13 patients before and 11 patients after liver transplant, the mean (SD) change in leg circumference after a single 8-hour application of an elastic bandage wrap was −2.6 (2.2) cm at the ankle and −3.1 (2.9) cm at midcalf for wrapped legs, as opposed to −0.4 (1.6) cm at the ankle and 1.0 (2.8) cm at midcalf for unwrapped legs ( P< .001). Leg pain, measured on a visual analog scale, was significantly lower for the wrapped (mean [SD], 10.3 [26.5] mm) versus the unwrapped (20.3 [33.5] mm) leg ( P= .04). Conclusion— In inpatients before and after liver transplant, the application of elastic bandage wraps to 1 leg for an 8-hour period led to significantly less edema formation and pain compared with the unwrapped leg. These results support the use of elastic bandage wraps in liver transplant patients to reduce leg edema and improve comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gem Comrie
- Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
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25
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Hooper DR, Dulkis LL, Secola PJ, Holtzum G, Harper SP, Kalkowski RJ, Comstock BA, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Looney DP, DuPont WH, Maresh CM, Volek JS, Culley KP, Kraemer WJ. Roles of an Upper-Body Compression Garment on Athletic Performances. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:2655-60. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Stücker M, Larenz B. Welche Patienten nehmen nach ärztlicher Empfehlung Ödemprotektiva ein? Hautarzt 2015; 66:686-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-015-3654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Waters TR, Dick RB. Evidence of health risks associated with prolonged standing at work and intervention effectiveness. Rehabil Nurs 2015; 40:148-65. [PMID: 25041875 PMCID: PMC4591921 DOI: 10.1002/rnj.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolonged standing at work has been shown to be associated with a number of potentially serious health outcomes, such as lower back and leg pain, cardiovascular problems, fatigue, discomfort, and pregnancy-related health outcomes. Recent studies have been conducted examining the relationship between these health outcomes and the amount of time spent standing while on the job. The purpose of this article was to provide a review of the health risks and interventions for workers and employers that are involved in occupations requiring prolonged standing. A brief review of recommendations by governmental and professional organizations for hours of prolonged standing is also included. FINDINGS Based on our review of the literature, there seems to be ample evidence showing that prolonged standing at work leads to adverse health outcomes. Review of the literature also supports the conclusion that certain interventions are effective in reducing the hazards associated with prolonged standing. Suggested interventions include the use of floor mats, sit-stand workstations/chairs, shoes, shoe inserts and hosiery or stockings. Studies could be improved by using more precise definitions of prolonged standing (e.g., duration, movement restrictions, and type of work), better measurement of the health outcomes, and more rigorous study protocols. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of interventions and following suggested guidelines on hours of standing from governmental and professional organizations should reduce the health risks from prolonged standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Waters
- National Institute For Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert B Dick
- National Institute For Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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28
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Hill JA, Howatson G, van Someren KA, Walshe I, Pedlar CR. Influence of compression garments on recovery after marathon running. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 28:2228-35. [PMID: 24714530 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Strenuous physical activity can result in exercise-induced muscle damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a lower limb compression garment in accelerating recovery from a marathon run. Twenty four subjects (female, n = 7; male, n = 17) completed a marathon run before being assigned to a treatment group or a sham treatment group. The treatment group wore lower limb compression tights for 72 hours after the marathon run, the sham treatment group received a single treatment of 15 minutes of sham ultrasound after the marathon run. Perceived muscle soreness, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and serum markers of creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (C-RP) were assessed before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 hours after the marathon run. Perceived muscle soreness was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the compression group at 24 hours after marathon when compared with the sham group. There were no significant group effects for MVIC, CK, and C-RP (p > 0.05). The use of a lower limb compression garment improved subjective perceptions of recovery; however, there was neither a significant improvement in muscular strength nor a significant attenuation in markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hill
- 1School of Sport, Health, and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom; 2School Life of Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; 3Centre for Aquatic Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; and 4GSK Human Performance Lab, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Wiggermann N, Keyserling WM. Time to onset of pain: effects of magnitude and location for static pressures applied to the plantar foot. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2015; 46 Pt A:84-90. [PMID: 25118168 PMCID: PMC4994522 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms that cause foot discomfort during prolonged standing are poorly understood. There is currently no method for evaluating discomfort associated with low levels of static pressure that are typical during standing. Pain thresholds were measured for 20 healthy participants by applying five levels of static pressure at different plantar foot locations. A survival analysis was performed to determine the effects of pressure magnitude and foot location on the time until pain onset. Time to pain onset was significantly affected by pressure magnitude (P < 0.001); time decreased as pressure increased. Foot location was also significant (P < 0.001); greatest times to pain onset (least sensitive) were observed under the heel and fifth metatarsal head, shortest times (most sensitive) were found under the midfoot. This research presents a novel methodology for evaluating static pressure that may be applicable to product design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Wiggermann
- Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - W Monroe Keyserling
- Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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Effect of lower body compression garments on hemodynamics in response to running session. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:353040. [PMID: 25202721 PMCID: PMC4151576 DOI: 10.1155/2014/353040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Compression garments are often worn during exercise and allegedly have ergogenic and/or physiological effects. In this study, we compared hemodynamics and running performance while wearing compression and loose-fit breeches. We hypothesized that in neutral-warm environment compression breeches impair performance by diminishing body cooling via evaporative sweat loss and redistributing blood from active musculature to skin leading to a larger rise in body temperature and prolonging recovery of hemodynamics after exercise. Methods. Changes in hemodynamics (leg blood flow, heart rate, and blood pressure during orthoclinostatic test), calf muscle tissue oxygenation, and skin and core temperatures were measured in response to 30 min running (simulation of aerobic training session) followed by maximal 400 m sprint (evaluation of running performance) in recreationally active females (25.1 ± 4.2 yrs; 63.0 ± 8.6 kg) wearing compression or loose-fit breeches in randomized fashion. Results. Wearing compression breeches resulted in larger skin temperature rise under the garment during exercise and recovery (by about 1°C, P < 0.05; statistical power > 85%), while core temperature dynamics and other measured parameters including circulation, running performance, and sensations were similar compared to wearing loose-fit breeches (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Compared with loose-fit breeches, compression breeches have neither positive nor negative physiological and performance effects for females running in thermoneutral environment.
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31
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Rimaud D, Convert R, Calmels P. In vivo measurement of compression bandage interface pressures: The first study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2014; 57:394-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Rider BC, Coughlin AM, Hew-Butler TD, Goslin BR. Effect of Compression Stockings on Physiological Responses and Running Performance in Division III Collegiate Cross-Country Runners During a Maximal Treadmill Test. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:1732-8. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Compression stockings do not improve muscular performance during a half-ironman triathlon race. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 114:587-95. [PMID: 24337671 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of compression stockings to prevent muscular damage and preserve muscular performance during a half-ironman triathlon. METHODS Thirty-six experienced triathletes volunteered for this study. Participants were matched for age, anthropometric data and training status and placed into the experimental group (N = 19; using ankle-to-knee graduated compression stockings) or control group (N = 17; using regular socks). Participants competed in a half-ironman triathlon celebrated at 29 ± 3 °C and 73 ± 8% of relative humidity. Race time was measured by means of chip timing. Pre- and post-race, maximal height and leg muscle power were measured during a countermovement jump. At the same time, blood myoglobin and creatine kinase concentrations were determined and the triathletes were asked for perceived exertion and muscle soreness using validated scales. RESULTS Total race time was not different between groups (315 ± 45 for the control group and 310 ± 32 min for the experimental group; P = 0.46). After the race, jump height (-8.5 ± 3.0 versus -9.2 ± 5.3%; P = 0.47) and leg muscle power reductions (-13 ± 10 versus -15 ± 10 %; P = 0.72) were similar between groups. Post-race myoglobin (718 ± 119 versus 591 ± 100 μg/mL; P = 0.42) and creatine kinase concentrations (604 ± 137 versus 525 ± 69 U/L; P = 0.60) were not different between groups. Perceived muscle soreness (5.3 ± 2.1 versus 6.0 ± 2.0 arbitrary units; P = 0.42) and the rating of perceived effort (17 ± 2 versus 17 ± 2 arbitrary units; P = 0.58) were not different between groups after the race. CONCLUSION Wearing compression stockings did not represent any advantage for maintaining muscle function or reducing blood markers of muscle damage during a triathlon event.
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Rugg S, Sternlicht E. The effect of graduated compression tights, compared with running shorts, on counter movement jump performance before and after submaximal running. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:1067-73. [PMID: 22692109 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182610956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if wearing graduated compression tights, compared with loose fitting running shorts, would increase and or help sustain counter movement jump (CMJ) height after submaximal running. Fourteen competitive runners (6 women and 8 men) participated in this study. The subjects' mean (±SD) for age, height, body mass, percent body fat, resting heart rate, and maximal heart rate were 28.2 ± 14.0 years, 174.7 ± 8.6 cm, 70.2 ± 14.9 kg, 15.5 ± 8.1%, 67.2 ± 7.4 b.min, and 186.5 ± 9.5 b.min, respectively. During testing, subjects wore a Polar RS400 heart rate monitor. Each trial consisted of 15 minutes of continual treadmill running with 5 minutes performed at 50%, 70%, and 85% of the subject's heart rate reserve. Using a Vertec vertical leaper, each subject performed 3 CMJ, both pre- and postrun trials, with the mean value used to measure relative leg power. In addition to the CMJ height data, each subject rated their level of perceived exertion (RPE), and their comfort level, after the postrun trials. The mean postrun CMJ height in graduated compression tights of 60.3 ± 19.4 cm was significantly greater (at the p < 0.05 level) than both the prerun with tights of 57.7 ± 19.4 cm (4.5% increase) and the postrun running shorts of 57.7 ± 19.6 cm (4.5% increase). In addition, the subjects reported a significantly lower level of perceived exertion and greater comfort values while wearing the graduated compression tights. The results of the present study support the use of graduated compression tights for maintenance of lower limb muscle power after submaximal endurance running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Rugg
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Robertson L, Yeoh SE, Kolbach DN. Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing venous insufficiency in a standing worker population. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 2013:CD006345. [PMID: 24127117 PMCID: PMC6769185 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006345.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common problem, affecting up to 50% of the population in industrialised countries. It is a chronic condition which, if untreated, can progress to serious complications that in turn can interfere with working ability. Standing at work is a known risk factor for CVI, yet the true effect of non-pharmacological preventive strategies remains unknown. This is an update of a review first published in 2012. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological strategies and devices to prevent CVI in a standing worker population. SEARCH METHODS For this update the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched September 2013) and CENTRAL (2013, Issue 8). We also handsearched reference lists of relevant studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials that recruited standing workers to evaluate non-pharmacological devices or strategies used to prevent CVI were eligible for inclusion. Trials had to report an objective measure of clinical features of CVI or complaints associated with this condition in order to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Selection of the trials, quality assessment and data abstraction were completed independently by two review authors. We resolved disagreements by discussion. Only one trial was eligible for inclusion in the review so we did not perform meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS The primary outcomes of this review were clinical features of CVI and its associated symptoms. No new included studies were identified for this update. One prospective cross-over trial was included in this review. It measured the effect of no compression followed by two phases with different gradients of compression stockings on symptoms in 19 female flight attendants who were required to stand, almost continuously, for long periods of time. The included study provided some evidence that compression stockings improved symptoms of leg fatigue in standing workers. However, the strength of the evidence in this review is weak as it is based on only one very small trial which was at high risk of bias. The included study did not address any of the secondary outcomes including quality of life or economic impact of the interventions. Nor did the study report the length of time that the population were required to stand at work. Furthermore, no trials were found which measured the effectiveness of other non-pharmacological interventions or strategies aimed at preventing CVI in standing workers. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Due to the extremely limited number of trials, there is insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for preventing CVI in standing workers. Further large-scale studies examining all possible non-pharmacological interventions and outcomes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Robertson
- The Freeman HospitalDepartment of Vascular SurgeryNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustHigh HeatonNewcastle upon TyneUKNE7 7DN
| | - Su Ern Yeoh
- University of EdinburghCollege of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineEdinburghUKEH16 4TJ
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Sperlich B, Born DP, Swarén M, Kilian Y, Geesmann B, Kohl-Bareis M, Holmberg HC. Is leg compression beneficial for alpine skiers? Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol 2013; 5:18. [PMID: 24004479 PMCID: PMC3846678 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1847-5-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of different levels of compression (0, 20 and 40 mmHg) produced by leg garments on selected psycho-physiological measures of performance while exposed to passive vibration (60 Hz, amplitude 4-6 mm) and performing 3-min of alpine skiing tuck position. METHODS Prior to, during and following the experiment the electromygraphic (EMG) activity of different muscles, cardio-respiratory data, changes in total hemoglobin, tissue oxygenation and oscillatory movement of m. vastus lateralis, blood lactate and perceptual data of 12 highly trained alpine skiers were recorded. Maximal isometric knee extension and flexion strength, balance, and jumping performance were assessed before and after the experiment. RESULTS The knee angle (-10°) and oscillatory movement (-20-25.5%) were lower with compression (P < 0.05 in all cases). The EMG activities of the tibialis anterior (20.2-28.9%), gastrocnemius medialis (4.9-15.1%), rectus femoris (9.6-23.5%), and vastus medialis (13.1-13.7%) muscles were all elevated by compression (P < 0.05 in all cases). Total hemoglobin was maintained during the 3-min period of simulated skiing with 20 or 40 mmHg compression, but the tissue saturation index was lower (P < 0.05) than with no compression. No differences in respiratory parameters, heart rate or blood lactate concentration were observed with or maximal isometric knee extension and flexion strength, balance, and jumping performance following simulated skiing for 3 min in the downhill tuck position were the same as in the absence of compression. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that with leg compression, alpine skiers could maintain a deeper tuck position with less perceived exertion and greater deoxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle, with no differences in whole-body oxygen consumption or blood lactate concentration. These changes occurred without compromising maximal leg strength, jumping performance or balance. Accordingly, our results indicate that the use of lower leg compression in the range of 20-40 mmHg may improve alpine skiing performance by allowing a deeper tuck position and lowering perceived exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sperlich
- Department of Sport Science, University of Wuppertal, Fuhlrottstraße 10, Wuppertal 42119, Germany.
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Wiggermann N, Keyserling WM. Effects of anti-fatigue mats on perceived discomfort and weight-shifting during prolonged standing. HUMAN FACTORS 2013; 55:764-775. [PMID: 23964416 DOI: 10.1177/0018720812466672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of anti-fatigue mats on perceived discomfort and behavioral responses (weight-shifting between the feet) during prolonged standing. BACKGROUND Prolonged standing is a common requirement in the workplace and is a well-known cause of discomfort. Anti-fatigue mats have been shown to reduce discomfort resulting from standing, but no study has identified a particular mat that performs better than others or examined the relationship between discomfort and weight-shifting. METHODS Participants stood for 4 hours on four commercially available "anti-fatigue" mats and a hard surface (control condition). Subjective ratings of discomfort were measured, and in-shoe pressure was recorded and used to evaluate weight-shifting during standing. RESULTS Compared to the control condition, after 4 hours of standing discomfort was reduced by three of the four mats, but discomfort ratings did not significantly differ among mats. However, significant differences among mats were found in the frequency of weight-shifting, and weight-shifting was positively correlated to discomfort. CONCLUSION These results suggest that subjective reports of discomfort were not sufficiently sensitive to detect differences among mats for the experimental conditions tested. Behavioral responses, specifically weight-shifting between feet, may provide a more sensitive alternative to subjective reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Wiggermann
- Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, 1161 Tekulve Rd. #401-20, Batesville, IN 47006, USA.
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Bovenschen HJ, Booij MT, van der Vleuten CJM. Graduated compression stockings for runners: friend, foe, or fake? J Athl Train 2013; 48:226-32. [PMID: 23672387 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of graduated compression stockings (GCS) on lower leg volume and leg complaints in runners during and after exercise. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and an outdoor running track in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Thirteen Dutch trained recreational runners. INTERVENTION(S) Participants used a GCS on 1 leg during running. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (1) Lower leg volume of both legs was measured at baseline, directly after running, and at 5 minutes and 30 minutes after running using a validated perometer. (2) Leg complaints were reported on questionnaires at set intervals. RESULTS (1) In both experiments, the legs with GCS showed a reduction in mean (± SEM) leg volume directly after running, as compared with the leg without GCS: -14.1 ± 7.6 mL (P = .04) for the 10-km running track and -53.5 ± 17.8 mL (P = .03) for the maximum exercise test. This effect was not observed at 5 and 30 minutes after running. (2) No differences in leg complaints were reported in either experiment. CONCLUSIONS The GCS prevented an increase in leg volume just after the running exercise. However, this result was not accompanied by a reduction in subjective questionnaire-reported leg complaints. The practical consequences of the present findings need further study.
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Fu W, Liu Y, Fang Y. Research Advancements in Humanoid Compression Garments in Sports. INT J ADV ROBOT SYST 2013. [DOI: 10.5772/54560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of sport-related compression garments has attracted a great deal of attention from among Sports Science scholars. The function of the garments, such as to maintain muscle functions, reduce sports injuries and improve athletic performance, has been an issue of debate since the beginning of the new century. In this study, a number of methods including a literature review, logical analysis and mathematical statistics, are used to analyse earlier compression garments research, which can be found by searching hardcopy journals and online databases. Among the existing studies, most have tested and confirmed the functions of the garments; however, only a few have mentioned the underlying mechanism. Thus, by using more advanced and appropriate compression materials, future studies into compression garments will be focused on the vibration characteristics of muscles (soft tissues), and especially on their proprioceptive sensation, neuromuscular control, injury prevention and performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Fu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Hamlin MJ, Mitchell CJ, Ward FD, Draper N, Shearman JP, Kimber NE. Effect of Compression Garments on Short-Term Recovery of Repeated Sprint and 3-Km Running Performance in Rugby Union Players. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:2975-82. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182711e0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Morrison SA, Ainslie PN, Lucas RAI, Cheung SS, Cotter JD. Compression garments do not alter cerebrovascular responses to orthostatic stress after mild passive heating. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:291-300. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Morrison
- School of Physical Education; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
- Jozef Stefan Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - P. N. Ainslie
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences; University of British Columbia; Kelowna BC Canada
| | - R. A. I. Lucas
- School of Physical Education; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - S. S. Cheung
- Department of Kinesiology; Brock University; St. Catharines ON Canada
| | - J. D. Cotter
- School of Physical Education; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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Robertson L, Yeoh SE, Kolbach DN. Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing venous insufficiency in a standing worker population. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 1:CD006345. [PMID: 22258967 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006345.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common problem, affecting up to 50% of the population in industrialised countries. It is a chronic condition which, if untreated, can progress to serious complications that in turn can interfere with working ability. Standing at work is a known risk factor for CVI, yet the true effect of non-pharmacological preventive strategies remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To undertake a systematic review of randomised or controlled clinical trials to assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological strategies and devices to prevent CVI in a standing worker population. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases (PVD) Group searched their Specialised Register (last searched April 2011) and CENTRAL (Issue 2, 2011). No date or language restrictions were applied. We also handsearched reference lists of relevant studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials that recruited standing workers to evaluate non-pharmacological devices or strategies used to prevent CVI were eligible for inclusion. Trials had to report an objective measure of clinical features of CVI or complaints associated with this condition in order to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Selection of the trials, quality assessment and data abstraction were completed independently by two review authors. We resolved disagreements by discussion. Only one trial was eligible for inclusion in the review so we did not perform meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS The primary outcomes of this review were clinical features of CVI and its associated symptoms. One prospective cross-over trial was included in this review. It measured the effect of no compression followed by two phases with different gradients of compression stockings on symptoms in 19 female flight attendants who were required to stand, almost continuously, for long periods of time. The included study provided some evidence that compression stockings improved symptoms of leg fatigue in standing workers. However, the strength of the evidence in this review is weak as it is based on only one very small trial which was at high risk of bias. The included study did not address any of the secondary outcomes including quality of life or economic impact of the interventions. Nor did the study report the length of time that the population were required to stand at work. Furthermore, no trials were found which measured the effectiveness of other non-pharmacological interventions or strategies aimed at preventing CVI in standing workers. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Due to the extremely limited number of trials, there is insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for preventing CVI in standing workers. Further large-scale studies examining all possible non-pharmacological interventions and outcomes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Robertson
- PublicHealth Sciences,TheMedical School,TheUniversity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
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Kim GY, Ahn CS, Jeon HW, Lee CR. Effects of the Use of Smartphones on Pain and Muscle Fatigue in the Upper Extremity. J Phys Ther Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.24.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Sik Ahn
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Eulji University
| | - Hye Won Jeon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Korea Nazarene University
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Affiliation(s)
- Braid A MacRae
- Clothing and Textile Sciences, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Pressure and coverage effects of sporting compression garments on cardiovascular function, thermoregulatory function, and exercise performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1783-95. [PMID: 21901265 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sporting compression garments (CG) are used widely during exercise despite little evidence of benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate coverage and pressure effects of full-body CG on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function at rest and during prolonged exercise, and on exercise performance. Twelve recreationally trained male cyclists [mean (SD) age, 26 (7) years; VO(2 max), 53 (8) mL kg(-1) min(-1)] completed three sessions (counterbalanced order), wearing either correctly-sized CG (CSG; 11-15 mmHg), over-sized CG (OSG; 8-13 mmHg), or gym shorts (CONT). Test sessions were conducted in temperate conditions [24 (1)°C, 60 (4)% relative humidity; ~2 m s(-1) air velocity during exercise], consisting of resting on a chair then on a cycle ergometer, before 60-min fixed-load cycling at ~65% VO(2 max) and a 6-km time trial. Wearing CG (CSG or OSG) did not mitigate cardiovascular strain during mild orthostatic stress at rest (p = 0.20-0.93 for garment effects). During exercise, cardiac output was ~5% higher in the CG conditions (p < 0.05), which appears to be accounted for via non-significant higher end-exercise heart rate (~4-7%, p = 0.30; p = 0.06 for greater heart rate drift in CSG); other cardiovascular variables, including stroke volume, were similar among conditions (p = 0.23-0.91). Covered-skin temperature was higher in CG conditions (p < 0.001) but core (oesophageal) temperature was not (p = 0.79). Time-trial performance (mean power, time taken) was similar with or without CG (p = 0.24-0.44). In conclusion, any demonstrable physiological or psychophysical effects of full-body CG were mild and seemingly reflective more of surface coverage than pressure. No benefit was evident for exercise performance.
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Miyamoto N, Hirata K, Mitsukawa N, Yanai T, Kawakami Y. Effect of pressure intensity of graduated elastic compression stocking on muscle fatigue following calf-raise exercise. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21:249-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Pedrosa MC, Farraye FA, Shergill AK, Banerjee S, Desilets D, Diehl DL, Kaul V, Kwon RS, Mamula P, Rodriguez SA, Varadarajulu S, Song LMWK, Tierney WM. Minimizing occupational hazards in endoscopy: personal protective equipment, radiation safety, and ergonomics. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72:227-35. [PMID: 20537638 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ASGE Technology Committee provides reviews of existing, new, or emerging endoscopic technologies that have an impact on the practice of GI endoscopy. Evidence-based methodology is used, by using a MEDLINE literature search to identify pertinent clinical studies on the topic and a MAUDE (U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health) database search to identify the reported complications of a given technology. Both are supplemented by accessing the "related articles" feature of PubMed and by scrutinizing pertinent references cited by the identified studies. Controlled clinical trials are emphasized, but in many cases, data from randomized, controlled trials are lacking. In such cases, large case series, preliminary clinical studies, and expert opinions are used. Technical data are gathered from traditional and Web-based publications, proprietary publications, and informal communications with pertinent vendors. Technology Status Evaluation Reports are drafted by 1 or 2 members of the ASGE Technology Committee, reviewed and edited by the committee as a whole, and approved by the Governing Board of the ASGE. When financial guidance is indicated, the most recent coding data and list prices at the time of publication are provided. For this review, the MEDLINE database was searched through August 2009 for articles related to personal protection equipment by using the key words "personal protection equipment" (exp Protective Clothing/ or exp Protective Devices/ or exp Masks/ or exp Occupational Exposure/'') "infection control" paired with "Endoscopy." For the radiation section, the following key words were used: "radiation and endoscopy," "radiation and ERCP," and "radiation safety." For the ergonomics section, the following key words were used: "ergonomics of endoscopy," "endoscopist injury," "medical ergonomics," "endoscopy and musculoskeletal strain," "musculoskeletal injury and endoscopists," "occupational diseases and endoscopy," "cumulative trauma disorder and endoscopy," "repetitive strain injury and endoscopy." Technology Status Evaluation Reports are scientific reviews provided solely for educational and informational purposes. Technology Status Evaluation Reports are not rules and should not be construed as establishing a legal standard of care or as encouraging, advocating, requiring, or discouraging any particular treatment or payment for such treatment.
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Sear JA, Hoare TK, Scanlan AT, Abt GA, Dascombe BJ. The Effects of Whole-Body Compression Garments on Prolonged High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:1901-10. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181db251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sperlich B, Haegele M, Achtzehn S, Linville J, Holmberg HC, Mester J. Different types of compression clothing do not increase sub-maximal and maximal endurance performance in well-trained athletes. J Sports Sci 2010; 28:609-14. [DOI: 10.1080/02640410903582768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ali A, Creasy RH, Edge JA. Physiological effects of wearing graduated compression stockings during running. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109:1017-25. [PMID: 20354717 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of wearing different grades of graduated compression stockings (GCS) on physiological and perceptual measures during and following treadmill running in competitive runners. Nine males and one female performed three 40-min treadmill runs (80 +/- 5% maximal oxygen uptake) wearing either control (0 mmHg; CON), low (12-15 mmHg; LO-GCS), or high (23-32 mmHg; HI-GCS) grade GCS in a double-blind counterbalanced order. Oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood lactate were measured. Perceptual scales were used pre- and post-run to assess comfort, tightness and any pain associated with wearing GCS. Changes in muscle function, soreness and damage were determined pre-run, immediately after running and 24 and 48 h post-run by measuring creatine kinase and myoglobin, counter-movement jump height, perceived soreness diagrams, and pressure sensitivity. There were no significant differences between trials for oxygen uptake, heart rate or blood lactate during exercise. HI-GCS was perceived as tighter (P < 0.05) and more pain-inducing (P < 0.05) than the other interventions; CON and LO-GCS were rated more comfortable than HI-GCS (P < 0.05). Creatine kinase (P < 0.05), myoglobin (P < 0.05) and jump height (P < 0.05) were higher and pressure sensitivity was more pronounced (P < 0.05) immediately after running but not after 24 and 48 h. Only four participants reported muscle soreness during recovery from running and there were no differences in muscle function between trials. In conclusion, healthy runners wearing GCS did not experience any physiological benefits during or following treadmill running. However, athletes felt more comfortable wearing low-grade GCS whilst running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmol Ali
- Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.
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