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Akbarzadeh-Jahromi M, Taheri N, Mohajerani S, Taheri N, Abiri F. Bartholin Duct Cyst and Nodular Hyperplasia: A Clinicopathological Study of 32 Patients. Int J Surg Pathol 2023:10668969231204944. [PMID: 37853702 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231204944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory lesions and cysts are the most common Bartholin glands pathologic diagnoses. There have been very few reports of benign solid lesions of Bartholin glands such as nodular hyperplasia. Materials and methods: Thirty-two lesions diagnosed as Bartholin duct cyst in the gynecologic specialized institute were reviewed by two expert gynecological pathologists. Results: Using specific criteria, 7 qualified as nodular hyperplasia, 25 as Bartholin duct cyst. The average age of the patients with nodular hyperplasia was 31 years (range, 24 to 43). These lesions were solid, solid and cystic or purely cystic, had a mean maximal dimension of 3.3 cm, and were frequently thought to be Bartholin cysts on clinical examination. Four lesions were diagnosed as Bartholin duct cysts, while in the review they were considered as nodular hyperplasia. Conclusion: Nodular hyperplasia of Bartholin gland may be more common than is reported in the literature. This study showed that the diagnosis of nodular hyperplasia has been overlooked due to limited literature sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Akbarzadeh-Jahromi
- Department of Pathology, Maternal-fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Negar Taheri
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sadaf Mohajerani
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasim Taheri
- Azad University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Di Donato V, Vena F, Casorelli A, Marchetti C, Musella A, Tomao F, Perniola G, Palaia I, Muzii L, Monti M, Benedetti Panici P. The impact of CO 2 laser for treatment of Bartholin's gland cyst or abscess on female sexual function: a pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:150-154. [PMID: 30132350 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1499088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the sexual functionality before and after treatment of Bartholin's gland diseases (BGD) with CO2 laser and to compare our results to patients who underwent surgical cold knife and to a healthy control group (HCG). Consecutive patients (n = 15) affected by BG cyst or abscess who underwent CO2 laser treatment were evaluated. Patients were asked to complete the Italian translation of the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results after CO2 laser were compared with two control groups: patients affected by BG cyst (n = 15) or abscess treated with surgical cold knife treatment and a HCG (n = 18). A statistically significant advantage of CO2 laser versus cold knife treatment in terms of lubrication, pain and global score were recorded. Both the single scores of five domains and total score of FSFI were globally higher after any treatment compared to before (CO2 and cold knife) of BGD. According to our data, CO2 laser therapy is often well tolerated by patients and correlated with a favorable sexual health recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violante Di Donato
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Flaminia Vena
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Assunta Casorelli
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Claudia Marchetti
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Musella
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Federica Tomao
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Giorgia Perniola
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Innocenza Palaia
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Ludovico Muzii
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Monti
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- a Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences , ' Sapienza' University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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De Bortoli J, Chowdary P, Nikpoor P, Readman E. Clinical approach to vulvovaginal cysts and abscesses, a review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 58:388-396. [DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica De Bortoli
- Department of Gynaecology; The Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Prathima Chowdary
- Department of Gynaecology; The Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
- Department of Endosurgery; The Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Payam Nikpoor
- Department of Gynaecology; The Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
- Department of Urogynaecology; The Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Emma Readman
- Department of Gynaecology; The Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
- Department of Endosurgery; The Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
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Complication and recurrence rate in laser CO2 versus traditional surgery in the treatment of Bartholin's gland cyst. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:303-9. [PMID: 26922440 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment of Bartholin's gland cysts by traditional surgery is characterized by some disadvantages and complications such as hemorrhage, postoperative dyspareunia, infections, necessity for a general anesthesia. Contrarily, CO2 laser surgery might be less invasive and more effective as it solves many problems of traditional surgery. The aim of our study is to describe CO2 laser technique evaluating its feasibility, complication rate and results vs traditional surgery. METHODS Among patients treated for Bartholin's gland cyst, we enrolled 62 patients comparing traditional surgical excision vs CO2 laser surgery of whom 27 patients underwent traditional surgery, whereas 35 patients underwent CO2 laser surgery. Mean operative time, complication rate, recurrence rate and short- and long-term outcomes were assessed. RESULTS The procedures required a mean operative time of 9 ± 5.3 min for CO2 laser surgery and 42.2 ± 13.8 for traditional surgery. Two patients (5.7 %) needed an hemostatic suture for intraoperative bleeding in the laser CO2 laser technique against 14.8 % for traditional surgery. Carbon dioxide allows a complete healing in a mean time of 22 days without scarring, hematomas or wound infections and a return to daily living in a mean time of 2 days. Instead, patients undergone traditional surgery required a mean time of 14 days to return to daily life with a healing mean time completed in 28 days. CONCLUSIONS The minimum rate of intra- and post-operative complications, the ability to perform it under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting make CO2 laser surgery more cost-effective than traditional surgery.
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Lee MY, Dalpiaz A, Schwamb R, Miao Y, Waltzer W, Khan A. Clinical Pathology of Bartholin's Glands: A Review of the Literature. Curr Urol 2015. [PMID: 26195958 DOI: 10.1159/000365683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bartholin's glands are located symmetrically at the posterior region of the vaginal opening and play an important role in the female reproductive system. These two pea-sized glands are involved in mucus secretion and vaginal lubrication. Cyst formation in the glands is common and results from mucus build-up in gland ducts. It is important to monitor such cysts because they may occur in the form of carcinomas. Larger cysts and abscesses are found in the lower vestibular region and typically present with erythema and edema. Biopsy is an effective method for distinguishing between Bartholin's gland cysts and differential diagnosis. While smaller cysts may be asymptomatic and may be left untreated, larger cysts require medical attention. Several treatment options are available, including marsupialization and CO2 laser. Healing and recovery depend on the severity of infection and course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Y Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Amanda Dalpiaz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Richard Schwamb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Yimei Miao
- Department of Urology, SUNY School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Wayne Waltzer
- Department of Urology, SUNY School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Ali Khan
- Department of Urology, SUNY School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
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Bora SA, Condous G. Bartholin's, vulval and perineal abscesses. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 23:661-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Heinonen PK. Carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of abscess and cyst of Bartholin's gland. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01443619009151268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Bartholin's abscess and cyst account for 2% of all gynaecological visits per annum. This article reviews the anatomy, epidemiology and pathophysiology of the Bartholin's gland. The management of Bartholin's abscess including antibiotic use in the early stage of the condition together with options for surgical intervention are discussed and in so doing the variation of clinical practice in other countries is considered. The use of the word catheter, carbon dioxide laser are compared with traditional surgical techniques of incision and drainage and marsupialisation. The outcomes of treatment particularly the high recurrence rate (2-25%) and the associated morbidity are reviewed. Finally the issue of cancerous pathology as an aetiology is highlighted in the postmenopausal age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pundir
- Conquest Hospital, St Leonard's on Sea, East Sussex, UK
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Fambrini M, Penna C, Pieralli A, Fallani MG, Andersson KL, Lozza V, Scarselli G, Marchionni M. Carbon-dioxide Laser Vaporization of the Bartholin Gland Cyst: A Retrospective Analysis on 200 Cases. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2008; 15:327-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Benedetti Panici P, Manci N, Bellati F, Di Donato V, Marchetti C, Calcagno M, Morano G, Servodio C, Muzii L, Angioli R. CO2 laser therapy of the Bartholin’s gland cyst: Surgical data and functional short- and long-term results. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2007; 14:348-51. [PMID: 17478368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2006.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Bartholin's gland cyst is a condition that occurs in approximately 2% of women, most of whom are of reproductive age. Although benign, it is associated with significant patient discomfort. Definitive treatment involves the surgical removal of the entire cyst. The objective of this study was to describe an alternative conservative surgical technique with CO(2) laser adopted in our institution and to evaluate the feasibility, complication rate, and results obtained with this technique in an office setting. Our study showed that CO(2) laser treatment of the Bartholin's gland cyst can be carried out safely in an outpatient setting, with minimum patient discomfort and high long-term cure rates.
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Chuang YH, Hong HS, Kuo TT. Multiple pigmented follicular cysts of the vulva successfully treated with CO2 laser: case report and literature review. Dermatol Surg 2004; 30:1261-4. [PMID: 15355374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pigmented follicular cyst is an uncommon epithelial cyst, typically occurring as a single asymptomatic pigmented papule or nodule on the head and neck of adult men. To the authors' knowledge, no previous cases of vulvar pigmented follicular cyst have been reported. Although benign, pigmented follicular cyst can affect quality of life when multiple and symptomatic. OBJECTIVE The objective was to describe the clinicopathologic features of vulvar pigmented follicular cyst and to evaluate the efficacy of CO(2) laser therapy in this region. METHODS A 62-year-old woman with multiple pigmented follicular cysts affecting the labia majora bilaterally is described. Owing to frequent inflammation and tenderness, continuous-wave CO(2) laser was used to treat the skin lesions under local anesthesia. RESULTS All cystic nodules were successfully ablated with CO(2) laser. The patient tolerated the procedure well and had a satisfactory cosmetic outcome. CONCLUSION CO(2) laser is a tolerable and effective therapeutic modality for multiple and symptomatic pigmented follicular cysts of the vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chuang
- Vulval Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Abstract
Bartholin gland cysts account for 2% of all gynecologic visits per year. The treatment of Bartholin gland cysts has evolved from a complicated, bloody procedure requiring general anesthesia to, most recently, a simple puncture of the cyst and placement of a drain performed in the office. Although treatments for Bartholin gland cysts seem simple on the surface, recurrent cysts as well as diagnosing simple cysts versus abscesses versus malignant tumors can complicate treatment for this common problem. This article exams a history of the treatment of Bartholin gland cysts, including the use of the traditional treatments of excision, fistulization, marsupialization, as well as cauterization with carbon dioxide laser and silver nitrate. Modern variations are discussed, including the use of hydrodissection for excision, as well as the application of magnetic resonance imaging use in devising treatment for recurrent cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Marzano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C Penna
- Department of Gynaecology, Perinatology and Human Reproduction, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Yüce K, Zeyneloglu HB, Bükülmez O, Kisnisci HA. Outpatient management of Bartholin gland abscesses and cysts with silver nitrate. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1994; 34:93-6. [PMID: 8053887 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1994.tb01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reports results of 52 patients with Bartholin abscesses or cysts who were managed by silver nitrate stick insertion into the cyst or abscess cavity for 48 hours. All patients showed complete healing within 15 days. However, 2 (3.8%) had recurrences within the first 2 months; 1 of these patients was treated with excision and the other by repetition of the same method with no further complaints. Silver nitrate application for Bartholin cysts or abscesses was found to be an effective, simple, inexpensive and the least anaesthetic requiring procedure, which can easily be carried out in the outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yüce
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
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Heah J. Methods of treatment for cysts and abscesses of Bartholin's gland. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1988; 95:321-2. [PMID: 3382606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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LASHGARI MANOCHER, BEHMARAM BEHNAZ. Laser Treatment of Genital Molluscum Contagiosum. J Gynecol Surg 1987. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.1987.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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