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Morgan PB, Efron N, Papas E, Barnett M, Carnt N, Dutta D, Hepworth A, Little JA, Nagra M, Pult H, Schweizer H, Shen Lee B, Subbaraman LN, Sulley A, Thompson A, Webster A, Markoulli M. BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Management with contact lenses and spectacles. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024:102158. [PMID: 38631935 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This paper seeks to outline the history, market situation, clinical management and product performance related to the correction of presbyopia with both contact lenses and spectacles. The history of the development of various optical forms of presbyopic correction are reviewed, and an overview is presented of the current market status of contact lenses and spectacles. Clinical considerations in the fitting and aftercare of presbyopic contact lens and spectacle lens wearers are presented, with general recommendations for best practice. Current options for contact lens correction of presbyopia include soft simultaneous, rigid translating and rigid simultaneous designs, in addition to monovision. Spectacle options include single vision lenses, bifocal lenses and a range of progressive addition lenses. The comparative performance of both contact lens and spectacle lens options is presented. With a significant proportion of the global population now being presbyopic, this overview is particularly timely and is designed to act as a guide for researchers, industry and eyecare practitioners alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Morgan
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Nathan Efron
- Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric Papas
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Carnt
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debarun Dutta
- Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Hepworth
- EssilorLuxottica Europe North, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Julie-Anne Little
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Manbir Nagra
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, ARU, Young Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heiko Pult
- Dr Heiko Pult - Optometry and Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany
| | - Helmer Schweizer
- CEO Helmer Schweizer Consulting Group (HSCG), Bassersdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bridgitte Shen Lee
- Vision Optique and Ocular Aesthetics dba Ocular Clinical Trials, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Anna Sulley
- CooperVision International Ltd, Chandlers Ford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Clavé L, Faria-Ribeiro M, Millan MS. Chromatic changes in vision with diffractive ophthalmic optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10348-10361. [PMID: 38571249 DOI: 10.1364/oe.512212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Diffractive optics is a valuable technique for designing presbyopia-correcting lenses, but its effectiveness is wavelength-dependent. This study investigates the spatio-chromatic alterations in visual resolution associated with diffractive multifocal lenses by using non-invasive, removable diffractive bifocal contact lenses. The study combines theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and clinical intra-observer experiments to assess visual acuity under various lighting conditions. Results demonstrate the introduction of spatio-chromatic asymmetry and a change in visual acuity under red and blue lights, depending on the operating diffraction order employed in the lens design. The energy distribution of the diffractive contact lens studied favors resolution under red illumination at far distances and under blue illumination at near distances. These findings are consistent with computational simulations and provide insights into the visual changes induced by diffractive ophthalmic lenses.
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Richdale K, Cox I, Kollbaum P, Bullimore MA, Bakaraju RC, Gifford P, Plainis S, McKenney C, Newman S, Tomiyama ES, Morgan PB. CLEAR – Contact lens optics. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:220-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kollbaum PS, Bradley A. Correction of presbyopia: old problems with old (and new) solutions. Clin Exp Optom 2019; 103:21-30. [PMID: 31734940 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We live in a three-dimensional world and the human eye can focus images from a wide range of distances by adjusting the power of the eye's lens (accommodation). Progressive senescent changes in the lens ultimately lead to a complete loss of this ability by about age 50, which then requires alternative strategies to generate high-quality retinal images for far and close viewing distances. This review paper highlights the biomimetic properties and underlying optical mechanisms of induced anisometropia, small apertures, dynamic lenses, and multi-optic lenses in ameliorating the visual consequences of presbyopia. Specifically, the advantages and consequences of non-liner neural summation leveraged in monovision treatments are reviewed. Additionally, the value of a small pupil is quantified, and the impact of pinhole pupil location and their effects on neural sensitivity are examined. Different strategies of generating multifocal optics are also examined, and specifically the interaction between ocular and contact or intraocular lens aberrations and their effect on resulting image quality are simulated. Interestingly, most of the novel strategies for aiding presbyopic and pseudophakic eyes (for example, monovision, multifocality, pinhole pupils) have emerged naturally via evolution in a range of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete S Kollbaum
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Arthur Bradley
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Ravikumar S, Bradley A, Thibos LN. Chromatic aberration and polychromatic image quality with diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2014; 40:1192-204. [PMID: 24957438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of target distance on polychromatic image quality in a virtual model eye implanted with hybrid refractive-diffractive intraocular lenses (IOLs). SETTING School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS A pseudophakic model eye was constructed by incorporating a phase-delay map for a diffractive optical element into a reduced eye model incorporating ocular chromatic aberration, pupil apodization, and higher-order monochromatic aberrations. The diffractive element was a monofocal IOL with a +3.2 diopter (D) diffractive power or 2 types of bifocal IOLs (nonapodized or apodized) with a +2.92 D addition (add) power. Polychromatic point-spread functions and image quality for white and monochromatic light were quantified for a series of target vergences, wavelengths, and pupil diameters using modulation transfer functions and image-quality metrics. RESULTS Ocular longitudinal chromatic aberration was largely corrected by the monofocal design and by both bifocal designs for near targets. In the bifocal design, add power and the ratio of distance:near image quality changed significantly with wavelength and pupil size. Also, image quality for distance was better with the apodized design. CONCLUSIONS Achromatization by the diffractive IOL provided significant improvement in polychromatic retinal image quality. Along with apodization and higher-order aberrations, it can significantly affect the near-distance balance provided by a diffractive multifocal IOL. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Ravikumar
- From the School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley (Ravikumar), Berkeley, California, and the School of Optometry, Indiana University (Bradley, Thibos), Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
| | - Arthur Bradley
- From the School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley (Ravikumar), Berkeley, California, and the School of Optometry, Indiana University (Bradley, Thibos), Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Larry N Thibos
- From the School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley (Ravikumar), Berkeley, California, and the School of Optometry, Indiana University (Bradley, Thibos), Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Remón L, Arias A, Calatayud A, Furlan WD, Monsoriu JA. Through-focus response of multifocal intraocular lenses evaluated with a spatial light modulator. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:8594-8598. [PMID: 23262599 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.008594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new testing technique based on the use of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) is proposed to analyze the optical quality of multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs). Different vergences and decentrations of the incident beam can be programmed onto the SLM in order to record the point spread function (PSF) for different object positions. From these axial PSFs, the through-focus modulation transfer function is computed. Because there are no moving parts in the experimental setup, this method is fast and versatile to assess MIOLs. Experimental results confirm the potential of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Remón
- Centro de Tecnologías Físicas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Mello GR, Rocha KM, Santhiago MR, Smadja D, Krueger RR. Applications of wavefront technology. J Cataract Refract Surg 2012; 38:1671-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Artal P, Manzanera S, Piers P, Weeber H. Visual effect of the combined correction of spherical and longitudinal chromatic aberrations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:1637-1648. [PMID: 20173991 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.001637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An instrument permitting visual testing in white light following the correction of spherical aberration (SA) and longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) was used to explore the visual effect of the combined correction of SA and LCA in future new intraocular lenses (IOLs). The LCA of the eye was corrected using a diffractive element and SA was controlled by an adaptive optics instrument. A visual channel in the system allows for the measurement of visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) at 6 c/deg in three subjects, for the four different conditions resulting from the combination of the presence or absence of LCA and SA. In the cases where SA is present, the average SA value found in pseudophakic patients is induced. Improvements in VA were found when SA alone or combined with LCA were corrected. For CS, only the combined correction of SA and LCA provided a significant improvement over the uncorrected case. The visual improvement provided by the correction of SA was higher than that from correcting LCA, while the combined correction of LCA and SA provided the best visual performance. This suggests that an aspheric achromatic IOL may provide some visual benefit when compared to standard IOLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Artal
- Laboratorio de Optica, Centro de Investigación en Optica y Nanofísica (CiOyN), Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Montés-Micó R, Ferrer-Blasco T, Charman NW, Cerviño A, Alfonso JF, Fernández-Vega L. Optical quality of the eye after lens replacement with a pseudoaccommodating intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008; 34:763-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Problems in the Measurement of Wavefront Aberration for Eyes Implanted With Diffractive Bifocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses. J Refract Surg 2008; 24:280-6. [DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20080301-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Can we measure wave aberration in patients with diffractive IOLs? J Cataract Refract Surg 2007; 33:1997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Freeman MH, Charman WN. An exploration of modified monovision with diffractive bifocal contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2007; 30:189-96. [PMID: 17289423 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A group of eight presbyopic subjects wore in succession four types of correction. One of these (A) consisted of a conventional pair of diffractive bifocals in which equal amounts of light contributed to the distance and near images in both eyes. Two (B and C) were modified monovision corrections using non-standard diffractive bifocal lenses. The diffractive designs were such that in the dominant eye a greater fraction of light was sent into the distance image and less into the near image and in the non-dominant eye a greater fraction contributed to the near image. The last lens combination (D) was a conventional monovision arrangement, with a single-vision distance correction on the dominant eye and a single-vision near correction on the non-dominant eye. Monocular and binocular high-contrast acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis were assessed at both distance and near with each of the four lens combinations. It was hoped that the modified monovision arrangements (B and C) might yield improved distance and near acuities in comparison with the standard diffractive bifocals (A) while still maintaining good stereopsis in comparison with the single-vision monovision combination (D) and thus allow wearers to achieve better all round visual performance. Although these expectations were at least partly fulfilled, the modest advantages offered by the diffractive modified monovision approach did not appear to compensate for the disadvantages of its greater complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Freeman
- Optics and Vision Ltd., 11 Cwm Llewenni, Denbigh LL16 4AP, United Kingdom
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O'Brien C, Charman WN. Relative performance of soft contact lenses having lathe-cut posterior surfaces with and without additional polishing. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2006; 29:101-7. [PMID: 16701199 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After a preliminary investigation of the effects of tool feed rate and spindle speed on the surface roughness of unhydrated, lathe-cut polymacon surfaces, a laboratory and clinical comparison was made between lenses with identical parameters except that the lathe-cut posterior surface was left unpolished in the "test" lenses and was polished in the "control" lenses. The lenses had moulded anterior surfaces. Laboratory comparisons included surface roughness, lens power and its uniformity across the surface. Double-blind clinical trials over 4-hour (27 subjects) and 1-month (10 subjects) periods, involved one eye of each subject wearing a "test" lens and the other, a "control" lens. No clinically significant differences were found between the results for the test and control lenses. It is concluded that today's lathing technology makes a final polishing stage unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O'Brien
- Contact Lens Research Clinic, Bausch and Lomb Ireland, 424/425 Industrial Estate, Cork Rd., Waterford, Ireland, and Department of Optometry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. caroline.o'
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Abstract
We have verified that the Pilkington Diffrax lens behaves optically as a diffractive bifocal contact lens. The longitudinal chromatic aberration of the lens is similar to that predicted by theory, both on and off the eye. The over-refraction with the lens on the eye is similar to the distance subjective refraction, which is also as predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Atchison
- Centre for Eye Research, School of Optometry, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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