Cervical chrondrocutaneous branchial remnants

Sonographic Findings of Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnants-A Comparison With Dermal Lesions/Cysts and a Literature Review: A Pilot Study

OBJECTIVES

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) and dermal lesions, such as epidermoid cysts or brachial anomalies, including lateral cervical cysts/sinuses or dermal sinuses of anterior chest lesions, are usually located at the lower neck at the anterior or posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). We aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis and evaluation of CCBRs.

METHODS

We evaluated 22 lesions of 20 pediatric patients, classified into CCBR and dermal lesion groups. We used Fisher's exact test to evaluate differences between these groups in terms of lesion shape (low-echoic mass- or tubular-like), whether the lesion was adjacent to/in contact with the SCM or not, and the presence or absence of a concave SCM caused by the lesion.

RESULTS

Of the 22 lesions, 8 were CCBRs, and 14 were dermal lesions. We found a significant difference in the presence/absence of adjacency to or contact with the SCM (presence/absence of adjacency to or contact with the SCM in CCBRs vs that in dermal lesions: 6/2 vs 1/13, P = .002) and presence/absence of lesion-induced concavity of the SCM (presence/absence of lesion-induced concavity of the SCM in CCBRs vs that in dermal lesions: 3/5 vs 0/14, P = .036). The lesion shape (low-echoic mass-like/tubular-like lesions) did not significantly differ between the two study groups (low-echoic mass-like/tubular-like lesions in CCBRs vs that in dermal lesions: 5/3 vs 11/6, P = .624).

CONCLUSIONS

CCBRs have a strong association with the SCM. These sonographic findings may be useful in the differential diagnosis of dermal cervical lesions.

Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant is a rare congenital developmental anomaly typically located on the lateral neck. Histologically, it has the appearance of an accessory tragus demonstrating a central cartilaginous core with surrounding fibrosis located in the subcutaneous tissue. The condition has been associated with a variety of congenital anomalies, particularly involving the auditory, cardiovascular, and visual systems. Given that research-based evidence related to cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant in dermatology literature is sparse, we present this case to raise more awareness about this entity among dermatopathologists and review the different histopathologic presentations and possible associated anomalies.

Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnants: A Rare Congenital Anomaly of the Neck. A Case Series, Literature Review, and Associated Anomalies

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) are rare anomalies found in the neck. These remnants can be easily misdiagnosed due to their low incidence, and they are often associated with other anomalies. Previous studies have reported an association with other anomalies in up to 76% of cases. In this article, the authors present a case series of two patients with bilateral CCBRs and investigate the associated anomalies through a literature review. Patients diagnosed with CCBRs who presented with cervical masses were included. Records were reviewed to investigate factors such as sex, location of the CCBRs, associated anomalies, timing of operations, and cartilage pathology. A surgical excision technique was employed, and the study also included a literature review focusing on reports related to CCBRs and associated anomalies. Two patients, a 3-year-old boy and a 17-year-old adolescent girl, with bilateral CCBRs underwent surgical excision. Patient demographics, prevalence, and characteristics of associated anomalies in CCBR cases were documented in the literature review. This case series presented two successful surgical excisions of CCBRs without complications or recurrence at 1 year of follow-up. The study emphasized the importance of thorough evaluation and assessment for associated anomalies in various body systems due to the potential co-occurrence of CCBRs with other anomalies.

A Case Report and Literature Review of Bilateral Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnants

Chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) are rare congenital heterotopic tissue formations originating from the first or second embryonic branchial arches. Clinically, CCBRs are characterized predominantly by unilateral and solitary cartilaginous nodules found on the lower neck region. Herein, we present a case of CCBRs in a 9-year-old male patient who presented with horn-shaped projecting masses on either side of the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The pathological report following surgical resection revealed that the lesion was located in the dermis and consisted primarily of hyaline cartilage tissue enclosed by a fibrous capsule, with few local vascular proliferations. Based on the clinical and pathological features, the patient was ultimately diagnosed with congenital bilateral cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants.

A Hump-like Neck Mass in a Child

A 7-year-old boy with no medical history of trauma, infection, or surgery presented with a slowly-growing, asymptomatic lump on his left lower neck since birth. What is your diagnosis?

Cervical chondrocutaneous remnant: a case report

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are very rare congenital lesions of the lateral neck; thus, our knowledge of this condition derives almost entirely from occasional case reports in the literature. They are thought to originate from the branchial arches and, therefore, can be found anywhere on the pathway along which those branchial arches migrate during embryogenesis. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl presenting with a cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant on the right lateral neck that had existed since birth, with no other anomalies.

A Systematic Literature Review to Compare Clinical Outcomes of Different Surgical Techniques for Second Branchial Cyst Removal

Objective:

During the last 2 decades, new treatment methods have been developed for the surgical removal of second branchial cysts which result in less visible scars. The aim of this systematic review is to assess which surgical technique for second branchial arch cyst removal results in the lowest complication and recurrence rates with the highest scar satisfaction.

Methods:

Two authors systematically reviewed the literature in the Cochrane, PubMed, and EMBASE databases (search date: 1975 to December 2nd, 2020) to identify studies comparing surgical outcomes of second branchial arch cyst removal. Authors appraised selected studies on directness of evidence and risk of bias. Results are reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.

Results:

Out of the 2442 retrieved articles, 4 articles were included in the current review including a total of 140 operated cysts. Only 2 studies included pre-operatively infected cysts. Follow up ranged from 3 to 24 months. Complication rates ranged from 0 to 27.3% (conventional: [0–10.4%]; endoscopic/retro-auricular: [0–27.3%]). None of the patients presented with postoperative recurrence. Significantly higher scar satisfaction was found in adult patients who underwent endoscopic or retro-auricular hairline incision cyst removal.

Conclusion:

No recurrence of disease occurred during (at least) 3 months of follow up using either conventional surgery or endoscopic/retro-auricular techniques. Although more (temporary) complications occur using endoscopic and retro-auricular techniques, patients report a significantly higher scar satisfaction 3 to 6 months after surgery in comparison to the conventional technique. Future studies are needed to support these findings.

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants: A report of 29 cases and review of the literature

OBJECTIVE

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) are rare masses located in the anterior region of the neck. Though the basic characteristics of these rare masses were first described by Atlan in 1997, a critical amount of information about these masses remains unknown. This study aimed to further clarify the characteristics of these rare masses.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with CCBRs in our facility during a 32-year period ranging from 1988 to 2019. We then compared our clinical records with other case reports.

RESULTS

There were 29 patients with CCBRs in our facility, including 19 males and ten females, Three patients were involved bilaterally (among patients involved unilaterally, the right side included 11 patients, and the left side was 15 patients), eight patients also had associated abnormalities. We submitted CCBRs from 18 patients to pathology, and all of them contained elastic cartilages. Among all the surgical data could be confirmed, cartilages did not reach beyond the musculature of the neck. We could confirm a similar tendency with Atlan regarding sex, the location of CCBRs (involvement side, localization in the neck), and the depth of CCBRs. Among the cases contained in this study, there was a disparity in the rate of associated abnormalities and pathology of contained cartilages.

CONCLUSION

Some critical characteristics of CCBRs included, a male predominance, scarcity of bilateral cases and common left side involvement among unilateral involved cases, a common location of CCBRs in the inferior third of the neck and anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and an involvement of cartilage in CCBRs which has no connections to deep underlying structure of the neck. Further investigations are required to determine the origin of CCBRs and the precise incidence of the associated abnormalities. Systemic examination in patients with CCBRs is recommended because many associated abnormalities have been reported.

Bilateral cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants: A case report and a review of the literature

RATIONALE

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are rare, benign, congenital anomalies, frequently seen bilaterally.

PATIENT CONCERNS

Here, we report the case of a 4-month-old female infant who presented with bilateral lower neck skin tag since birth.

DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTIONS

The patient underwent mass excision. The final pathological diagnosis was bilateral cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants with hyaline cartilage.

OUTCOMES

No complications were observed after excision. One-year follow-up revealed no recurrence.

LESSONS

Bilateral chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are rare anomalies. They are often associated with cardiac or genitourinary abnormalities. Therefore, additional preoperative imaging of the abdomen and heart are recommended.

Choristoma: Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnants

Unilateral cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) are rare, but when present, are typically located over the lateral aspect of the neck along the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A CCBR in this location is called a choristoma. Here, we describe a choristoma in a 25-year-old female who disclosed a documented diagnosis of Meniere's disease, and an expressed interest in bearing children within the immediate future. She presented with a unilateral swelling, located subcutaneously, midway over the anterior margin of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle. Due to her history, and the risk of possible radiological exposure to her fetus, an ultrasound-based examination of the neck and cardio-abdomino-pelvic organs was performed. Our clinical findings, details of the ultrasound results, and surgical data will be described.

Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnants

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are rare congenital choristomas. These lesions contain a cartilage core surrounded by skin with adnexal structures and subcutaneous fat. Correspondingly, on ultrasound there is a tubular hypoechoic core surrounded by hyperechoic, while on CT there is central intermediate attenuation surrounded by fat attenuation tissues. These features are exemplified in this sine qua non radiology-pathology correlation article. Management includes complete surgical resection and evaluating for potential associated anomalies, such as other branchial apparatus anomalies, as well as cardiac anomalies.

Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnants

Objective

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are rare malformations usually found in the lower neck. As high as 76% of patients have been reported to have associated anomalies. We review the literature and report a case series of seven patients with cervical cartilaginous remnants.

Design

A retrospective case series of seven patients identified from the electronic hospital records.

Results

Seven patients with cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants were identified (six boys and one girl). Only one of the patients had associated anomalies.

Conclusions

A review of the literature revealed no evidence for sinuses or cysts related to cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants. Operative treatment can be postponed to a suitable and safe age. There is marked variation in the reported prevalence of associated anomalies, ranging from 11% to 76%.

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants--report of 17 cases

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are congenital, benign and rare neck masses. These anomalies are limited in the literature, reported mostly as case reports. Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnant is always present at birth, and the lesion is usually unilateral. Understanding and treatment of cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants requires knowledge of the related embryology.

METHODS

From January 2005 to December 2008, 17 patients with mean age of 32 months (range from 2 months to 15 years) with CCBRs were treated at the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Burns at the Institute for Mother and Child Health Care, Belgrade, Serbia. The following objections were recorded: sex, lesion side, surgical data, associated malformations and pathohistology findings.

RESULTS

There were 7 females and 10 males, 4 with bilateral presences. Five children had associated anomalies, as follows: vesicoureteral reflux, atrial and ventricular septal defect, ventricular septal defect, branchiootorenal syndrome and preauricular sinus. There was a positive family history in one patient. Fifteen patients (88%) were treated with complete surgical excision and no connections with deep underlying structures of the neck were found. There were no complications at surgery. No recurrence was found during follow-up. Histopathology analysis revealed both, hyaline and elastic cartilage.

CONCLUSION

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are rare anomalies arising from branchial arch, probably originally from remnants of first or second arch. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. From our experience, we suggest surgical treatment early in childhood because of esthetic reason, simplicity of the intervention and low complication rate. Also, the abdominal ultrasound and cardiac examination is recommended because of associated anomalies.

A case report of bilateral cervical chondrocutaneous remnants with review of the literature

Cervical chondrocutaneous remnants are very rare entities. They are thought to originate either from the second branchial arch or from auricular tissues. To date, less than 40 cases have been reported in the medical literature, and only 7 cases were bilateral. We report the case of a 1-month-old girl presenting with bilateral neck lesions since birth, with no other anomalies. Complete surgical excision was performed, the pathology of which confirmed the diagnosis of chondrocutaneous remnants. Follow-up after 9 months showed no clinical evidence of complications or recurrence.

Prenatal diagnosis of cervical chondrocutaneous vestige

Cervical chondrocutaneous vestiges or remnants originate from anomalous development of the branchial arches in the fourth week of gestation. Owing to their relative rarity, published data of cervical chondrocutaneous vestiges remain scarce. We report on the diagnosis and associated anomalies of cervical chondrocutaneous vestiges in three fetuses. The association of cervical chondrocutaneous vestige with other anomalies emphasizes the importance of performing meticulous examination and biochemical marker analysis in affected cases.

Case report of bilateral cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants are rare and not well known lesions. Histologically the lesion per definition presents as a Choristoma. Choristoma is the pathohistological term for a developmental tumor-like anomaly consisting of tissues foreign to the site at which it is located. Treatment is complete surgical removal as promptly as possible in order to get an exact histopathological diagnosis. A case of a 4-month-old boy with cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscles on both sides is presented. According to literature search this appears to be the second case published on such a bilateral lesion.

Anomalous anterior midline cervical tube

Anterior midline cervical anomalies, excepting thyroglossal tract abnormalities, are rare. Two unusual and almost identical cases of an anomalous congenital tube connecting the chin to the upper sternum are described; only one previous similar report exists in the literature. In all three cases, the tubes occurred as isolated anomalies in otherwise healthy children.