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Casal D, Pais D, Iria I, Videira PA, Mota-Silva E, Alves S, Mascarenhas-Lemos L, Pen C, Vassilenko V, Goyri-O’Neill J. Blood Supply to the Integument of the Abdomen of the Rat: A Surgical Perspective. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1454. [PMID: 29062636 PMCID: PMC5640333 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many fundamental questions regarding the blood supply to the integument of the rat remain to be clarified, namely the degree of homology between rat and humans. The aim of this work was to characterize in detail the macro and microvascular blood supply to the integument covering the ventrolateral aspect of the abdominal wall of the rat. METHODS Two hundred five Wistar male rats weighing 250-350 g were used. They were submitted to gross anatomical dissection after intravascular colored latex injection (n = 30); conversion in modified Spalteholz cleared specimens (n=10); intravascular injection of a Perspex solution, and then corroded, in order to produce vascular corrosion casts of the vessels in the region (n = 5); histological studies (n = 20); scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts (n = 10); surgical dissection of the superficial caudal epigastric vessels (n = 100); and to thermographic evaluation (n = 30). RESULTS The ventrolateral abdominal wall presented a dominant superficial vascular system, which was composed mainly of branches from the superficial caudal epigastric artery and vein in the caudal half. The cranial half still received significant arterial contributions from the lateral thoracic artery in all cases and from large perforators coming from the intercostal arteries and from the deep cranial epigastric artery. CONCLUSIONS These data show that rats and humans present a great deal of homology regarding the blood supply to the ventrolateral aspect of the abdominal integument. However, there are also significant differences that must be taken into consideration when performing and interpreting experimental procedures in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Casal
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pais
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Iria
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Videira
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Mota-Silva
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Alves
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Mascarenhas-Lemos
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pen
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Valentina Vassilenko
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Goyri-O’Neill
- From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; Anatomy Department, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; Glycoimmunology Group, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, iMed—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; CDG & Allies—Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies—PPAIN), Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; and Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
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