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Ryan MP, Pembroke JT. The Genus Ochrobactrum as Major Opportunistic Pathogens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1797. [PMID: 33207839 PMCID: PMC7696743 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum species are non-enteric, Gram-negative organisms that are closely related to the genus Brucella. Since the designation of the genus in 1988, several distinct species have now been characterised and implicated as opportunistic pathogens in multiple outbreaks. Here, we examine the genus, its members, diagnostic tools used for identification, data from recent Ochrobactrum whole genome sequencing and the pathogenicity associated with reported Ochrobactrum infections. This review identified 128 instances of Ochrobactrum spp. infections that have been discussed in the literature. These findings indicate that infection review programs should consider investigation of possible Ochrobactrum spp. outbreaks if these bacteria are clinically isolated in more than one patient and that Ochrobactrum spp. are more important pathogens than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Ryan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish V94 EC5T, Limerick, Ireland;
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX2, Ireland
| | - J. Tony Pembroke
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX2, Ireland
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Ochrobactrum anthropi Keratitis with Focal Descemet's Membrane Detachment and Intracorneal Hypopyon. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2016; 2016:4502105. [PMID: 27777806 PMCID: PMC5061942 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4502105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To describe a unique case of O. anthropi keratitis associated with a rare manifestation of Descemet's membrane detachment and intracorneal hypopyon and to discuss challenges in diagnosis and management. Methods. Best-corrected visual acuity was measured with Snellen letters. Corneal scrapings were performed and aerobic, viral, herpetic, acid-fast bacilli, Acanthamoeba, and fungal stains and cultures were obtained. Following evisceration, tissue was evaluated for histologic features and again stained for bacteria, mycobacteria, Acanthamoeba, fungi, and viral particles. Results. Initial presentation to our institute was notable for a corneal ulcer, focal Descemet's membrane detachment, and intracorneal hypopyon. Speciation of initial corneal scrapes revealed Ochrobactrum anthropi and initial management included fortified tobramycin. Despite medical therapy, the patient developed a corneal perforation and required subsequent evisceration. Conclusion. O. anthropi is an emerging ocular pathogen that has not been previously reported in cases of keratitis. As this pathogen becomes increasingly recognized as a source of ocular infections, it is important to identify and treat aggressively to avoid vision-threatening disease.
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Kanjee R, Koreishi AF, Tanna AP, Goldstein DA. Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery secondary to vancomycin-resistant Ochrobactrum anthropi: case report and literature review. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2016; 6:25. [PMID: 27421273 PMCID: PMC4947067 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-016-0094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to report an unusual case of chronic postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery, secondary to Ochrobactrum anthropi that was found to be resistant to vancomycin. Findings Anterior chamber paracentesis cultures grew gram negative bacilli Ochrobactrum anthropi. The patient was treated with a series of intracameral injections of moxifloxacin, with adjuvant oral moxifloxacin. Posterior sub-Tenon and oral corticosteroids were used to treat cystoid macular edema. Explantation of the intraocular lens (IOL)-capsular bag complex was avoided. Conclusions Chronic postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare entity, often due to indolent pathogens that sequester in the capsular bag. Aggressive surgical intervention may be avoided with the use of adequate intraocular antibiotic, provided that the offending organism demonstrates appropriate antibiotic susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raageen Kanjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, M264-99 Cornish Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3C 1A2, Canada
| | - Anjum F Koreishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Angelo P Tanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Debra A Goldstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Jacobs DJ, Grube TJ, Flynn HW, Greven CM, Pathengay A, Miller D, Sanke RF, Thorman J. Intravitreal moxifloxacin in the management of Ochrobactrum intermedium endophthalmitis due to metallic intraocular foreign body. Clin Ophthalmol 2013; 7:1727-30. [PMID: 24039392 PMCID: PMC3770343 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s44212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy 34-year-old man presented with Ochrobactrum intermedium endophthalmitis due to a metallic intraocular foreign body. After vitrectomy, lensectomy, removal of the metallic intraocular foreign body, intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime, and systemic ciprofloxacin, intraocular inflammation worsened. Repeat vitreous culture confirmed persistent endophthalmitis due to multidrug-resistant O. intermedium. The endophthalmitis successfully resolved after the administration of intravitreal moxifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Jacobs
- Trinity Regional Eyecare, Minot, ND, USA ; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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The differential interaction of Brucella and ochrobactrum with innate immunity reveals traits related to the evolution of stealthy pathogens. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5893. [PMID: 19529776 PMCID: PMC2691993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During evolution, innate immunity has been tuned to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, some α-Proteobacteria are stealthy intracellular pathogens not readily detected by this system. Brucella members follow this strategy and are highly virulent, but other Brucellaceae like Ochrobactrum are rhizosphere inhabitants and only opportunistic pathogens. To gain insight into the emergence of the stealthy strategy, we compared these two phylogenetically close but biologically divergent bacteria. Methodology/Principal Findings In contrast to Brucella abortus, Ochrobactrum anthropi did not replicate within professional and non-professional phagocytes and, whereas neutrophils had a limited action on B. abortus, they were essential to control O. anthropi infections. O. anthropi triggered proinflammatory responses markedly lower than Salmonella enterica but higher than B. abortus. In macrophages and dendritic cells, the corresponding lipopolysaccharides reproduced these grades of activation, and binding of O. anthropi lipopolysaccharide to the TLR4 co-receptor MD-2 and NF-κB induction laid between those of B. abortus and enteric bacteria lipopolysaccharides. These differences correlate with reported variations in lipopolysaccharide core sugars, sensitivity to bactericidal peptides and outer membrane permeability. Conclusions/Significance The results suggest that Brucellaceae ancestors carried molecules not readily recognized by innate immunity, so that non-drastic variations led to the emergence of stealthy intracellular parasites. They also suggest that some critical envelope properties, like selective permeability, are profoundly altered upon modification of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and that this represents a further adaptation to the host. It is proposed that this adaptive trend is relevant in other intracellular α-Proteobacteria like Bartonella, Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Wolbachia.
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Abstract
We report one case with chronic postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Roseomonas species. Roseomonas spp. induced chronic endophthalmitis, which might result in misdiagnosis and delayed treatment and causes ocular damage and severe visual loss. This report is the first one related to a case with postoperative endophthalmitis secondary to Roseomonas infection.
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Thoma B, Straube E, Scholz HC, Al Dahouk S, Zöller L, Pfeffer M, Neubauer H, Tomaso H. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Ochrobactrum spp. Int J Med Microbiol 2008; 299:209-20. [PMID: 18755630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum (O.) anthropi is an opportunistic emerging pathogen closely related to the genus Brucella. Identification and differentiation from brucellae and other Ochrobactrum spp. using routine biochemical test systems is not reliable due to the high phenotypic similarity. In this study, antibiotic susceptibilities of 103 Ochrobactrum isolates were determined using Etest for 19 clinically relevant antimicrobial agents. Ochrobactrum strains were highly resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, susceptible to ciprofloxacin, and 97.1% were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. It was also demonstrated that biochemical reaction profiles of the API and BD Phoenix 100 systems for identifying Ochrobactrum isolates can only be used on the genus level. Our in vitro data suggest that combinations of antimicrobial agents including ciprofloxacin and/or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may be useful for empirical treatment of Ochrobactrum infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Thoma
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
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Chiang CC, Tsai YY, Lin JM, Chen WL. Chronic endophthalmitis after cataract surgery secondary to Ochrobactrum anthropi. Eye (Lond) 2008; 23:1237-8. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Song S, Ahn JK, Lee GH, Park YG. An epidemic of chronic pseudophakic endophthalmitis due to Ochrobactrum anthropi: clinical findings and managements of nine consecutive cases. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2008; 15:429-34. [PMID: 18085486 PMCID: PMC2430177 DOI: 10.1080/09273940701798546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report an epidemic of O. anthropi pseudophakic endophthalmitis. METHODS The medical records of nine patients with culture-proven O. anthropi endophthalmitis were reviewed. RESULTS The presenting features were compatible to chronic endophthalmitis. Two patients showed coinfections with P. acnes. Antibiotics sensitivity test revealed susceptibility to quinolones. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with partial capsulectomy (PC) cured infections in seven patients without coinfection of P. acnes. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in five patients. CONCLUSIONS O. anthropi should be considered in cases with chronic pseudophakic endophthalmitis. PPV with PC should be the initial therapeutic option for O. anthropi endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Kämpfer P, Citron DM, Goldstein EJC, Scholz HC. Difficulty in the identification and differentiation of clinically relevant Ochrobactrum species. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:1571-1573. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diane M. Citron
- R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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Wi YM, Sohn KM, Rhee JY, Oh WS, Peck KR, Lee NY, Song JH. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to Ochrobactrum anthropi: a case report. J Korean Med Sci 2007; 22:377-9. [PMID: 17449955 PMCID: PMC2693613 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from Ochrobactrum anthropi. O. anthropi is recognized as an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients. In contrast to most previously described cases, the patient reported here had no indwelling catheter. To our knowledge, no case of O. anthropi spontaneous bacterial peritonitis has been reported in the medical literature until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Wi
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-mok Sohn
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-young Rhee
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Sup Oh
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Young Lee
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Song
- Departments of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Vaidya SA, Citron DM, Fine MB, Murakami G, Goldstein EJC. Pelvic abscess due to Ochrobactrum intermedium [corrected] in an immunocompetent host: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1184-6. [PMID: 16517927 PMCID: PMC1393105 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.3.1184-1186.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum intermedium [corrected] infection is rare in humans and is generally associated with immunocompromised hosts with indwelling foreign bodies. We report a case of pelvic abscess with O. intermedium [corrected] after a routine appendectomy in an immunocompetent patient and review the literature on O. intermedium [corrected] infection in patients with normal immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar A Vaidya
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Teyssier C, Marchandin H, Jean-Pierre H, Diego I, Darbas H, Jeannot JL, Gouby A, Jumas-Bilak E. Molecular and phenotypic features for identification of the opportunistic pathogens Ochrobactrum spp. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:945-953. [PMID: 16157548 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the six species characterized within the genus Ochrobactrum, Ochrobactrum anthropi and Ochrobactrum intermedium are currently reported as opportunistic pathogens in humans. Since the species identification is mainly based on 16S rDNA analysis, the aim of this study was to search for other characteristics useful for Ochrobactrum species discrimination. Ribotyping, morphological and biochemical analyses, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed for a panel of 35 clinical isolates, first identified to the species level using 16S rDNA sequencing. Type and reference strains of five Ochrobactrum species were comparatively analysed. Commercial identification systems such as API 20NE and VITEK 2 were tested for their ability to identify Ochrobactrum anthropi and to detect other members of the genus Ochrobactrum. An improved protocol for the identification of Ochrobactrum spp. by routine medical microbiology practices is proposed: isolation of a non-fastidious non-fermenting oxidase-positive Gram-negative rod resistant to all beta-lactams except imipenem indicates the genus Ochrobactrum, and the API 20NE system confirms the genus identification for most strains, whereas the VITEK 2 system using ID-GNB cards was less powerful. Urease activity, the mucoidy of the colonies, growth at 45 degrees C on tryptic soy agar, and susceptibility to colistin, tobramycin and netilmicin should be considered as differential characteristics for identification of O. anthropi and O. intermedium to the species level. However, definitive identification depends on genotyping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Teyssier
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, faculté de pharmacie, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 3Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Carremeau, 30060 îmes, France
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, faculté de pharmacie, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 3Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Carremeau, 30060 îmes, France
| | - Hélène Jean-Pierre
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, faculté de pharmacie, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 3Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Carremeau, 30060 îmes, France
| | - Isabelle Diego
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, faculté de pharmacie, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 3Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Carremeau, 30060 îmes, France
| | - Hélène Darbas
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, faculté de pharmacie, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 3Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Carremeau, 30060 îmes, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jeannot
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, faculté de pharmacie, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 3Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Carremeau, 30060 îmes, France
| | - Anne Gouby
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, faculté de pharmacie, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 3Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Carremeau, 30060 îmes, France
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, faculté de pharmacie, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 3Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Carremeau, 30060 îmes, France
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Teyssier C, Jumas-Bilak E, Marchandin H, Jean-Pierre H, Jeannot JL, Dusart G, Foulongne V, Siméon de Buochberg M. [Species identification and molecular epidemiology of bacteria belonging to Ochrobactrum genus]. PATHOLOGIE-BIOLOGIE 2003; 51:5-12. [PMID: 12628286 DOI: 10.1016/s0369-8114(02)00361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two species of medical interest belong to the genus Ochrobactrum, Ochrobactrum anthropi and Ochrobactrum intermedium. They are members of the microbiota of soil and an increasing number of works report the isolation of O. anthropi from clinical specimen, especially from immunocompromised patients and nosocomial infection. Involving of each species in human infection is poorly estimated due to unclear differential phenotypic characters. We performed 16S rDNA sequencing for identification of 20 clinical isolates of Ochrobactrum sp. to the species level. Then, we studied the phenotype of each isolate especially, morphology, culture onto different media and at different temperatures, biochemical characters and antibiotics resistance pattern. Colony morphology after growth onto Trypticase-Soy and McConkey agar, culture at 45 degrees C onto Trypticase-Soja agar, presence of urease, and netilmycin, tobramycin and colistin resistance allowed identification of species. Ribotyping using HindIII and EcoRI gave a supplementary criterion for species determination but did not allow typing at the infra-species level. In contrast, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis showed high degree of polymorphism between strains and proved the clonality of certain isolates. Thus, this method could be a useful tool for molecular epidemiology of Ochrobactrum infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Teyssier
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, faculté de pharmacie, 15, avenue Charles-Flahault, 34093 cedex 5, Montpellier, France
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