Burn Survivors' Experiences of the Ongoing Challenges after Discharge in South Korea: A Qualitative Study

Improving Nutrition and Nutrition Education in the Burn Unit of a Developing Country: A Qualitative Study

Burn injuries can trigger a series of metabolic and catabolic responses that exert significant impacts on an individual's nutritional status, necessitating continuous nutritional support and education to aid recovery. However, burn units in developing countries often face resource limitations that can negatively affect these needs. This study aimed to explore the challenges related to post-burn nutrition and nutrition education in our burn unit and identify ways to improve the situation. An interpretive description approach was used, and convenience sampling recruited fifty-three participants, including 18 adult burn survivors and their primary caregivers (each as a single dyad), 10 informal caregivers of paediatric burn survivors, and 25 burn care staff. The data were analysed through thematic analysis, revealing three main themes and seven subthemes. The findings highlight an unstructured approach to nutrition and education, along with financial constraints affecting adherence. To address these issues, strategies such as using educational materials like videos and booklets/leaflets in the local language are suggested to develop relevant interventions. In conclusion, while there are concerns about nutrition and education, there are also opportunities to improve the situation.

Recovery of functional independence following major burn: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Major burn injury, despite advancements in care and prevention, can have a profound impact on long-term morbidity, affecting quality of life and socioeconomic standing. We aim to explore factors predicting recovery of independence, the expected rate and time in majorly burned patients, and the measures of progress used.

METHOD

A systematic search of four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, CINAHL) was conducted for studies reporting outcomes pertaining to physical ability indicative of independent function in adult (>15 y) cohorts who had suffered a major burn (>20% TBSA) up to 30 years after treatment in a developed specialised burn service. Data extracted included factors affecting rate of and time to achievement of function in five independence domains, as well as the outcome measures used.

RESULTS

21 eligible studies were included comprising 1298 major burns survivors with a combined mean age of 39.6 y and a mean TBSA of 25.8%. The most significant recurring factors impacting recovery of independent function were older age, female gender, burn severity, prolonged ICU and hospital admission, preceding mental health conditions, and post-acute psychological issues. Exercise-based rehabilitation conferred benefits on major burn patients even over 2 years following injury. Discharge to independent living from hospital occurred in 27% to 97% of patients, while reported return to work rates varied from 52% to 80%. Burns Specific Health Scale-Brief, Functional Independence Measure, and Physical Composite Score (SF-36) were the most widely used outcome scoring systems.

CONCLUSION

Major burn survivors have protracted recovery with potential for persistent chronic impairments, remaining consistently below baseline levels of function. Non-modifiable factors such as age and gender, and disease characteristics such as burn size with associated physical, physiological and psychosocial sequelae are contributory. Further research is required to explore achievement of specific milestones of major burn and polytrauma critical care patients, while early targeted rehabilitation addressing physical, psychological, and vocational needs has promising potential benefit.

Understanding return-to-employment experiences after burns: Qualitative scoping review findings

INTRODUCTION

Participation in work and employment is a milestone of adulthood. People returning to work after burn injury may have physical, psychological, social, and environmental barriers to overcome in order to resume their pre-injury employment. The aim of this paper is to evaluate qualitative findings regarding return-to-employment after burn injury.

METHODS

A qualitative synthesis was conducted based on the qualitative findings of an earlier mixed methods review. A pre-determined scoping review protocol was used in the earlier review to search MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, CCRCT, and CDSR databases between 2000 and Aug 2021. Any papers presenting qualitative data from previously employed adults with cutaneous burn injuries were included.

FINDINGS

A total of 20 papers with qualitative data on return-to-employment after burn injury were found. Only six included studies focused on return-to-employment outcomes and the remaining studies reporting on quality of life and life experiences after burn injury. Common themes included impairments that develop and change over time; occupational identity and meaning; temporal aspects of burn recovery; burn rehabilitation services and interventions; attitudes, knowledge and support of service providers; workplace environments supporting work re-engagement after burn injury; usefulness of work accommodations; family and social supports, individuals attributes that influence re-engaging in employment; and accepting and rebuilding.

CONCLUSION

Resumption of work after burn injury is regarded as a key marker of recovery for working-aged adults by burn survivors and burn care professionals. Support at transition points during the burn recovery process and peer-led programmes were important. However, limited information currently exists regarding clinical practices, service gaps, and understanding of return-to-employment outcomes after burn injury.

Return-to-employment for working-aged adults after burn injury: A mixed methods scoping review

BACKGROUND

This scoping review aimed to identify the barriers, facilitators and benefits of returning to work following burn injury, outcome measures used, management strategies, and models of care.

OBJECTIVE

To provide a comprehensive overview about working-aged adults returning to their preinjury employment after burn injury.

METHODS

We followed a pre-determined scoping review protocol to search MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, CCRCT and CDSR databases between 2000 to December 2023. Papers reporting primary data from previously employed adults with cutaneous burn injuries were included.

RESULTS

In all, 90 articles met the review criteria. Return-to-work was both an outcome goal and process of recovery from burn injury. Physical and psychological impairments were identified barriers. Job accommodations and modifications were important for supporting the transition from hospital to workplace. Employment status and quality of life sub-scales were used to measure return-to-work.

CONCLUSIONS

Consistent definitions of work and measurements of return-to-employment after burn injury are priorities for future research. Longitudinal studies are more likely to capture the complexity of the return-to-employment process, its impact on work participation and changes in employment over time. The social context of work may assist or hinder return-to-work more than physical environmental constraints. Equitable vocational support systems would help address disparities in vocational rehabilitation services available after burn injury.

Clarifying sleep characteristics and analyzing risk factors of sleep disorders to promote a predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in patients with burn scars

Purpose

This study assessed sleep quality in patients with burn scars and investigated risk factors of sleep disorders to guide clinical therapy. From the strategy of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM), we proposed that risk assessment based on clinical indicators could prompt primary prediction, targeted prevention, and personalized interventions to improve the management of sleep disorders present in patients with burn scars.

Methods

This retrospective study recruited patients with burn scars and healthy volunteers from the Shanghai Burn Treatment Center between 2017 and 2022. Relevant information and data, including demographic characteristics, scar evaluation, and sleep quality, were obtained through the hospital information system, classical scar scale, and self-report questionnaires. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and monitored using a cardiopulmonary-coupled electrocardiograph. Pain and pruritus were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Scar appearance was assessed using the modified Vancouver scar scale (mVSS).

Results

The sample was comprised of 128 hypertrophic scar (HS) patients, with 61.7% males, a mean age of 41.1 ± 11.6 years, and burn area of 46.2 ± 27.9% total body surface area (TBSA). Patients with PSQI ≥ 7 accounted for 76.6%, and the global PSQI score was 9.4 ± 4.1. Objective sleep data showed that initial enter deep sleep time, light sleep time, awakening time, light sleep efficiency, and sleep apnea index were higher but deep sleep time, sleep efficiency, and deep sleep efficiency were lower in HS patients than that in healthy controls. Preliminary univariate analysis showed that age, hyperplasia time of scar, narrow airway, microstomia, VAS for pain and pruritus, and mVSS total (comprised of pigmentation, vascularity, height and pliability) were associated with the PSQI score (p < 0.1). Multivariable linear regression showed narrow airway, VAS for pain and pruritus, and mVSS specifically height, were the risk factors for PSQI score (p < 0.1).

Conclusions

This study model identified that narrow airway, pain, pruritus and scar appearance specifically height may provide excellent predictors for sleep disorders in HS patients. Our results provided a basis for the predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and individualized therapy of somnipathy predisposition and progression of HS patients in the setting of PPPM/3PM health care system, which contributed to a paradigm shift from reactive cure to advanced therapy.

Matching Qualitative Inquiry Design and Practice to Contemporary Burns Research Questions: Are We Getting It Right?

Qualitative methodology has continued to develop through scholarly inquiry, with its application to burn scar research progressed substantially since early use. Concerns were raised in 2015 that qualitative inquiry in burn care and rehabilitation used a limited range of qualitative research approaches. The aim of this commentary paper is to consider how broadly the suite of methodologies available within the qualitative research paradigm have been applied to burn scar research since that call. Observations from a scan of qualitative burn scar papers published since 2015 to March 2022 (n = 36) are presented. Less commonly used qualitative methodologies (such as interpretive design, interpretive phenomenological analysis, narrative inquiry, grounded theory, explanatory case study) and their contribution to burn scar research is discussed. Examples are presented to consider how the application of qualitative methodological approaches (including post-qualitative research methodologies) can be ultimately used to inform meaningful outcomes.