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Bavarsad NH, Bagheri S, Kourosh-Arami M, Komaki A. Aromatherapy for the brain: Lavender's healing effect on epilepsy, depression, anxiety, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease: A review article. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18492. [PMID: 37554839 PMCID: PMC10404968 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases affect the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles. Herbal medicine has long been used to cure these diseases. One of these plants is lavender, which is composed of various compounds, including terpenes, such as linalool, limonene, triterpenes, linalyl acetate, alcohols, ketones, polyphenols, coumarins, cineole, and flavonoids. In this review, the literature was searched using scientific search engines and databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed) for papers published between 1982 and 2020 via keywords, including review, lavender, and neurological disorders. This plant exerts its healing effect on many diseases, such as anxiety and depression through an inhibitory effect on GABA. The anti-inflammatory effects of this plant have also been documented. It improves depression by regulating glutamate receptors and inhibiting calcium channels and serotonergic factors, such as SERT. Its antiepileptic mechanism is due to an increase in the inhibitory effect of GABA and potassium current and a decrease in sodium current. Therefore, many vegetable oils are also used in herbal medicine. In this review, the healing effect of lavender on several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, anxiety, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease was investigated. All findings strongly support the traditional uses of lavender. More clinical studies are needed to investigate the effect of the plants' pharmacological active constituents on the treatment of life-threatening diseases in humans. The limitations of this study are the low quality and the limited number of clinical studies. Different administration methods of lavender are one of the limitations of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Hatami Bavarsad
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shokufeh Bagheri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Tiwari R, Tiwari G, Mishra S, Ramachandran V. Preventive and Therapeutic Aspects of Migraine for Patient Care: An Insight. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:147-160. [PMID: 35152874 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220211100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a common neurological condition marked by frequent mild to extreme headaches that last 4 to 72 hours. A migraine headache may cause a pulsing or concentrated throbbing pain in one part of the brain. Nausea, vomiting, excessive sensitivity to light and sound, smell, feeling sick, vomiting, painful headache, and blurred vision are all symptoms of migraine disorder. Females are more affected by migraines in comparison to males. OBJECTIVE The present review article summarizes preventive and therapeutic measures, including allopathic and herbal remedies for the treatment of migraine. RESULTS This review highlights the current aspects of migraine pathophysiology and covers an understanding of the complex workings of the migraine state. Therapeutic agents that could provide an effective treatment have also been discussed. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that different migraines could be treated based on their type and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Tiwari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kalpi Road, Bhauti, Kanpur-208020, India
| | - Gaurav Tiwari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kalpi Road, Bhauti, Kanpur-208020, India
| | - Sonam Mishra
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Kalpi Road, Bhauti, Kanpur-208020, India
| | - Vadivelan Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shin YK, Kwon S, Hsieh YS, Han AY, Seol GH. Linalyl acetate restores colon contractility and blood pressure in repeatedly stressed-ulcerative colitis rats. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:27. [PMID: 35753805 PMCID: PMC9283910 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is related to stress, but few studies have evaluated the influence of stress on factors affecting colon contractility in rats with UC. Also, there have been no studies investigating beneficial effects of linalyl acetate (LA), the major component of lavender essential oil, in repeatedly stressed-ulcerative colitis rats. Therefore, we investigated the differences in factors affecting colon contractility of UC rats with or without repeated restraint stress (RRS) and the effects of LA on these parameters in repeatedly stressed-UC rats. Methods Rats were assigned to following groups: control, RRS, UC, RRS+UC, and RRS+UC treated with LA or sulfasalazine. To induce UC, rats were administered 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) water on days 1–5, followed by tap water on days 6–15 and DSS water on days 16–20. RRS was induced by immobilizing rats for 2 hr/day on days 1–20. LA or sulfasalazine were daily administered on days 16–20. Results Disease activity index (DAI) was markedly increased in RRS+UC. Serum interleukin-6 levels and acetylcholine-induced colon contraction were higher in RRS+UC than in control, RRS and UC. Colon nitrite levels also significantly increased in RRS+UC compared to the control and RRS. Blood pressure (BP) was higher in RRS+UC than in the control and UC. Both LA and sulfasalazine was effective in decreasing DAI, colon nitrite levels, acetylcholine-induced colon contraction in RRS+UC. Sulfasalazine significantly reduced serum IL-6 levels in RRS+UC with decreasing tendency in RRS+UC treated by LA. Only LA significantly reduced BP in RRS+UC. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the importance of stress management in UC patients. Also, LA may be beneficially used in repeatedly stressed-UC patients with high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University
| | - Soonho Kwon
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University
| | - Yu Shan Hsieh
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University.,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
| | - A Young Han
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University.,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Sunchon National University
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University.,BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University
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The Effect of Bergamot Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Improving Depressive Mood and Sleep Quality in Postpartum Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. THE JOURNAL OF NURSING RESEARCH : JNR 2022; 30:e201. [PMID: 34690334 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postpartum period is a physiologically and psychologically crucial transition phase for every woman who gives birth. Aromatherapy may improve mood and alleviate sleep challenges. However, few randomized controlled clinical trials have focused on the effect of aromatherapy in postpartum women. PURPOSE This study was designed to explore the effect of a bergamot essential oil aromatherapy intervention on depressive mood and sleep quality in postpartum women. METHODS This randomized controlled trial used consecutive sampling. The participants were all women in a postpartum care center in eastern Taiwan and were randomly assigned to either the experimental (n = 29) or control (n = 31) group. Bergamot essential oil aroma was used in the experimental group, and pure water aroma was used in the control group. The experimental and control interventions were both performed while the participants were residents at the postpartum care center in the afternoon for 15 minutes each day. Before the aroma intervention, pretests were conducted using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Postpartum Sleep Quality Scale. The first and second posttests were conducted using the same two scales at 2 and 4 weeks after the intervention, respectively. RESULTS At both the first and second posttests, depressive mood was significantly lower (p < .001) in the experimental group than in the control group, supporting the positive effect of the bergamot essential oil aroma intervention on depressive mood in postpartum women. No significant intergroup difference in sleep quality (p > .05) was observed at either the first or second posttest, indicating an uncertain effect of the bergamot essential oil aroma intervention on sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The results of this study support the effectiveness of bergamot essential oil aromatherapy in alleviating depressive mood in postpartum women. In addition, the results provide a practical reference for clinical postpartum nursing care.
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Alves-Silva JM, Zuzarte M, Girão H, Salgueiro L. The Role of Essential Oils and Their Main Compounds in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123506. [PMID: 34207498 PMCID: PMC8227493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health burden that greatly impact patient quality of life and account for a huge number of deaths worldwide. Despite current therapies, several side effects have been reported that compromise patient adherence; thus, affecting therapeutic benefits. In this context, plant metabolites, namely volatile extracts and compounds, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents. Indeed, these compounds, in addition to having beneficial bioactivities, are generally more amenable and present less side effects, allowing better patient tolerance. The present review is an updated compilation of the studies carried out in the last 20 years on the beneficial potential of essential oils, and their compounds, against major risk factors of CVDs. Overall, these metabolites show beneficial potential through a direct effect on these risk factors, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, or by acting on related targets, or exerting general cellular protection. In general, monoterpenic compounds are the most studied regarding hypotensive and anti-dyslipidemic/antidiabetic properties, whereas phenylpropanoids are very effective at avoiding platelet aggregation. Despite the number of studies performed, clinical trials are sparse and several aspects related to essential oil’s features, namely volatility and chemical variability, need to be considered in order to guarantee their efficacy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Alves-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Essential oil therapy in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 43:101391. [PMID: 33865080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper aims to review articles that have evaluated the role of essential oil therapy in patients with rheumatic diseases. METHODOLOGY Systematic review. No study design or language limitation was applied. RESULTS We have identified 13 articles, most of them were used in osteoarthritis (n = 4), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 3) and fibromyalgia (n = 3). Two studies included patients with RA and OA (n = 2). The number of people involved in the study varied from 9 to 162, where female sex was observed in 60-100%. The age of the patients ranged from 36 to 78.3 years old and disease duration 1-11.67 years. The lavender essential oil was the most used, and then Ginger oil, Rosemary oil, and Rosmarinus officinalis. Time of oil use varied from 2 to 12 weeks. Importantly, all studies but one (91.6%) have demonstrated the efficacy of aromatherapy. CONCLUSION There are few reports on essential oils in rheumatic disease, mainly osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia. All but one study have showed the efficacy of this complementary therapy.
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Yuan R, Zhang D, Yang J, Wu Z, Luo C, Han L, Yang F, Lin J, Yang M. Review of aromatherapy essential oils and their mechanism of action against migraines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113326. [PMID: 32877718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Migraines have become a major threat to human health, as they significantly affect human health and quality of life due to a high prevalence rate, attack rate and pain intensity. Aromatherapy, with its comfortable and pleasant natural characteristics and rapid and efficient characteristics, is widely favored by patients in the folk. Chinese folk also have the application history and related records of aromatic plants in the treatment of migraine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to review the pathogenesis of migraine, the application of plant essential oils in the treatment of migraine, and further explore the material basis and mechanism of action of plant essential oils against migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search the electronic literature of essential oils with anti-migraine effect in Google Scholar, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and further search the research situation of the monomer components of essential oils in migraine, inflammation, pain and other aspects. RESULTS studies show that there are 10 types of plant essential oils that could relieve migraine symptoms, and that 16 monomers may play a role in migraine treatment by effectively inhibiting neurogenic inflammation, hyperalgesia and balancing vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION Aromatic plant essential oils can relieve migraine effectively, these findings can be used as an important part of the development of anti-migraine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Yuan
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Sichuan Baicao Jinggong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fangli Yang
- Sinopharm Sichuan Orthopedic Tehnology & Equipment Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
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Lopes LDS, Bündchen D, Modesto FC, Quintão M, Chermont S, Cavalcanti ACD, Mesquita ET. Aromatherapy in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20190086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Lavender Oil Reduces Depressive Mood in Healthy Individuals and Enhances the Activity of Single Oxytocin Neurons of the Hypothalamus Isolated from Mice: A Preliminary Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5418586. [PMID: 32733584 PMCID: PMC7376415 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5418586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of lavender oil inhalation on blood pressure, pulse measurements, cortisol levels, depressive mood, and anxiety in healthy male adults. The mechanism was investigated by the action on oxytocin single neurons in the hypothalamus of rodents. Methods The participants (n = 7) were aged 20–40 years. After randomisation, they received an inhaled dose of lavender oil or distilled water for 20 min. They received the other treatment after a washout period of one week. We assessed the outcomes using the Self-Rating Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and self-rated unidimensional Visual Analogue Scale for depression; anxiety; and hunger, thirst, and appetite, respectively. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and cortisol concentration in the peripheral blood were assessed before and after inhalation. In the rodent study (n = 4), oxytocin single neurons were isolated from the mouse hypothalamus. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the oxytocin neurons isolated from the hypothalamus was measured following direct administration of lavender oil. Results Seven participants completed the study. Lavender inhalation decreased Self-Rating Depression Scale score and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Ex vivo administration of lavender oil increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the hypothalamic oxytocin neurons. Conclusions Lavender oil might be a useful therapy for stress relief, and its mechanism of action may include activation of the central oxytocin neurons.
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Thermal, photo-oxidation and antimicrobial studies of linalyl acetate as a major ingredient of lavender essential oil. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Shin YK, Hsieh YS, Kwon S, Lee HS, Seol GH. Linalyl acetate restores endothelial dysfunction and hemodynamic alterations in diabetic rats exposed to chronic immobilization stress. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1274-1283. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01018.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although stress is one of the risk factors of diabetes, few studies have assessed the effects of stress on diabetic rats. This study, therefore, analyzed differences in cardiovascular-related factors among control, nonstressed diabetic, and stressed diabetic rats as well as assessed the effects of linalyl acetate (LA) on stressed diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to immobilization stress throughout the experimental period, and diabetes was induced on day 15 by a single injection of streptozotocin. After confirming the induction of diabetes, stressed diabetic rats were administered LA (10 or 100 mg/kg) or metformin (500 mg/kg) for the last 7 days. Compared with nonstressed diabetic rats, stressed diabetic rats had significantly lower body weight, body fat percentage, ACh-induced vasorelaxation, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and NF-κB expression as well as increased serum nitrite concentration. Although metformin increased serum insulin concentration significantly, 100 mg/kg LA showed only an increasing tendency. However, treatment with 100 mg/kg LA not only reduced serum glucose and NF-κB expression, but also restored ACh-induced vasorelaxation, SBP, DBP, HR, AMP-activated protein kinase expression, and serum nitrite almost to control levels. Importantly, 100 mg/kg LA was more effective than metformin in ameliorating serum glucose, endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, HR, and serum nitrite. These findings suggest that chronic stress can aggravate endothelial dysfunction and hemodynamic alterations in diabetes and that LA may have potent therapeutic efficacy in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease complications or chronic stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the effects of linalyl acetate (LA) on cardiovascular-related factors in diabetic rats exposed to chronic stress. Treatment with LA restored acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation, blood pressure, heart rate, and AMP-activated protein kinase and serum nitrite levels. The present results suggest that LA may have potent therapeutic efficacy in diabetic patients with complications of cardiovascular disease or chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shan Hsieh
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonho Kwon
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Su Lee
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kwon S, Hsieh YS, Shin YK, Kang P, Seol GH. Linalyl acetate prevents olmesartan-induced intestinal hypermotility mediated by interference of the sympathetic inhibitory pathway in hypertensive rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:362-368. [PMID: 29571021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olmesartan-associated enteropathy (OAE) is a life-threatening pathological condition, but its underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Although intestinal hypermotility is frequently accompanied by chronic diarrhea, there have been no studies of olmesartan-induced hypermotility. Intestinal motility should be well regulated by the enteric nervous system, but degeneration of enteric neurons has been reported in patients with chronic diarrheal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, suggesting a connection between OAE and intestinal hypermotility. In this study, interference with this inhibitory pathway was analyzed in a model of olmesartan-induced intestinal hypermotility (OIH) in rats with nicotine-induced hypertension exposed to chronic immobilizing stress. The effects of the potent inhibitory neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which act via different pathways, were assessed ex vivo, with only NE-modulated frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions found to be elevated in OIH rat jejunum. Clinical symptoms frequent in OAE, including atrophy of the intestinal epithelium and weight loss, were observed in these rats. Interestingly, olmesartan significantly elevated heart rate while lowering blood pressure in OIH rats. These abnormal conditions were prevented by adding linalyl acetate (LA), while the blood pressure-lowering effects of olmesartan were maintained. These findings suggest that olmesartan induces intestinal hypermotility by interfering with the sympathetic inhibitory pathway, and reduces epithelial cell size or body weight in hypertensive rats. As LA prevented these effects, combination treatment with olmesartan plus LA may provide better antihypertensive efficacy without inducing OAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonho Kwon
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shan Hsieh
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Purum Kang
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Souto-Maior FN, da Fonsêca DV, Salgado PRR, Monte LDO, de Sousa DP, de Almeida RN. Antinociceptive and anticonvulsant effects of the monoterpene linalool oxide. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:63-67. [PMID: 27622736 PMCID: PMC7012048 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1228682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Linalool oxide (OXL) (a monoterpene) is found in the essential oils of certain aromatic plants, or it is derived from linalool. The motivation for this work is the lack of psychopharmacological studies on this substance. OBJECTIVE To evaluate OXL's acute toxicity, along with its anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities in male Swiss mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS OXL (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) was investigated for acute toxicity and in the Rota-rod test. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by the acetic acid-induced writhing test, and by formalin testing. Anticonvulsant effects were demonstrated by testing for pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures and by Maximum Electroshock headset (MES) test. OXL was administered to the animals intraperitoneally 30 min before for pharmacological tests. RESULTS OXL showed an LD50 of ∼721 (681-765) mg/kg. In the Rota-rod test, it was observed that OXL caused no damage to the animal's motor coordination. OXL significantly reduced (p < .001) the number of writhings. OXL also significantly decreased (p < .05, p < .01 or p < .001) paw-licking time in the two phases of the formalin test. OXL significantly reduced (p < .01 or p < .001) the duration of tonic seizures in the MES test, and at the dose 150 mg/kg, significantly increased (p < .01) the latency to first seizure in the PTZ test. CONCLUSION The tested doses of OXL were safe, with no motor impairment, and show clear antinociceptive and anticonvulsant potential. Future investigations with this monoterpene may lead to the development of a new molecule with even higher potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Negromonte Souto-Maior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Diogo Vilar da Fonsêca
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Paula Regina Rodrigues Salgado
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Monte
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Stevens N, Dorsett J, DaBell A, Eggett DL, Han X, Parker TL. Subjective assessment of the effects of an herbal supplement containing lavender essential oil on sleep quality: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. COGENT MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2017.1380871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stevens
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 S. 1300 W., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
| | - Jeff Dorsett
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 S. 1300 W., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
| | - Alex DaBell
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 S. 1300 W., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
| | - Dennis L. Eggett
- Statistics Consulting Center, Brigham Young University, 223 TMCB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Xuesheng Han
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 S. 1300 W., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
| | - Tory L. Parker
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 S. 1300 W., Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
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15
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Kim JR, Kang P, Lee HS, Kim KY, Seol GH. Cardiovascular effects of linalyl acetate in acute nicotine exposure. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:42. [PMID: 29165169 PMCID: PMC5664431 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as well as pulmonary dysfunction. In particular, adolescent smoking has been reported to have a higher latent risk for cardiovascular disease. Despite the risk to and vulnerability of adolescents to smoking, the mechanisms underlying the effects of acute nicotine exposure on adolescents remain unknown. This study therefore evaluated the mechanism underlying the effects of linalyl acetate on cardiovascular changes in adolescent rats with acute nicotine exposure. Methods Parameters analyzed included heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, vascular contractility, and nitric oxide levels. Results Compared with nicotine alone, those treated with nicotine plus 10 mg/kg (p = 0.036) and 100 mg/kg (p = 0.023) linalyl acetate showed significant reductions in HR. Moreover, the addition of 1 mg/kg (p = 0.011), 10 mg/kg (p = 0.010), and 100 mg/kg (p = 0.011) linalyl acetate to nicotine resulted in significantly lower LDH activity. Nicotine also showed a slight relaxation effect, followed by a sustained recontraction phase, whereas nicotine plus linalyl acetate or nifedipine showed a constant relaxation effect on contraction of mouse aorta (p < 0.001). Furthermore, nicotine-induced increases in nitrite levels were decreased by treatment with linalyl acetate (p < 0.001). Conclusions Taken together, our findings suggest that linalyl acetate treatment resulted in recovery of cell damage and cardiovascular changes caused by acute nicotine-induced cardiovascular disruption. Our evaluation of the influence of acute nicotine provides potential insights into the effects of environmental tobacco smoke and suggests linalyl acetate as an available mitigating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Ri Kim
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Purum Kang
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Su Lee
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Kim
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Rafie S, Namjoyan F, Golfakhrabadi F, Yousefbeyk F, Hassanzadeh A. Effect of lavender essential oil as a prophylactic therapy for migraine: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Herb Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Systems-Pharmacology Dissection of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Saffron Formula Reveals Multi-scale Treatment Strategy for Cardiovascular Diseases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19809. [PMID: 26813334 PMCID: PMC4728400 DOI: 10.1038/srep19809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been regarding as “the world’s first killer” of human beings in recent years owing to the striking morbidity and mortality, the involved molecular mechanisms are extremely complex and remain unclear. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) adheres to the aim of combating complex diseases from an integrative and holistic point of view, which has shown effectiveness in CVDs therapy. However, system-level understanding of such a mechanism of multi-scale treatment strategy for CVDs is still difficult. Here, we developed a system pharmacology approach with the purpose of revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms exemplified by a famous compound saffron formula (CSF) in treating CVDs. First, by systems ADME analysis combined with drug targeting process, 103 potential active components and their corresponding 219 direct targets were retrieved and some key interactions were further experimentally validated. Based on this, the network relationships among active components, targets and diseases were further built to uncover the pharmacological actions of the drug. Finally, a “CVDs pathway” consisted of several regulatory modules was incorporated to dissect the therapeutic effects of CSF in different pathological features-relevant biological processes. All this demonstrates CSF has multi-scale curative activity in regulating CVD-related biological processes, which provides a new potential way for modern medicine in the treatment of complex diseases.
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Jeong JW, Kim JW, Ku SK, Kim SG, Kim KY, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Chung HY, Kim CM, Choi YH. Essential oils purified from Schisandrae semen inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25651915 PMCID: PMC4323209 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells from the tunica media to the subendothelial region may be a key event in the development of atherosclerosis after arterial injury. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Schisandrae Semen essential oil (SSeo) in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). METHODS Metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography and gelatinase activity assay kit. The possible mechanisms underlying SSeo-mediated reduction of by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced cell invasion and inhibition of secreted and cytosolic MMP-9 production in HASMCs were investigated. RESULTS Our results indicate that SSeo treatment has an inhibitory effect on activation as well as expression of MMP-9 induced by TNF-α in HASMCs in a dose-dependent manner without significant cytotoxicity. SSeo attenuated nuclear translocation of TNF-α-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and blocked degradation of the NF-κB inhibitor proteins as well as the production of reactive oxygen species. SSeo also reduced TNF-α-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in HASMCs. Furthermore, the Matrigel migration assay showed that SSeo effectively reduced TNF-α-induced HASMC migration compared with that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that SSeo treatment suppresses TNF-α-induced HASMC migration by selectively inhibiting MMP-9 expression, which was associated with suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that SSeo has putative potential anti-atherosclerotic activity.
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Kang P, Seol GH. Linalool elicits vasorelaxation of mouse aortae through activation of guanylyl cyclase and K+ channels. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:714-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular relaxing properties of monoterpene alcohol (-)-linalool (LIN), a principal component of several aromatic plants.
Methods
We assessed the effects of LIN on vascular contractility in mouse aortae and evaluated its underlying mechanisms of action.
Key findings
We found that LIN dose-dependently relaxed the vascular tonus of mouse thoracic aortae induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α, 3 μm). This effect, however, was reduced by pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (30 μm). Treatment with the inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase ODQ (2 μm) or the K+ channel blocker TEA (10 mM) partially blocked LIN-induced vasorelaxation. Moreover, addition of TEA after incubation of the rings with L-NAME and ODQ partially blocked LIN-induced vasorelaxation. Furthermore, LIN was able to partially antagonize CaCl2-induced contractions in high potassium (80 mM) Krebs' solution, whereas LIN did not affect Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that LIN may induce endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in mouse thoracic aortae by activating soluble guanylyl cyclase and K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purum Kang
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Citrus bergamia Risso Elevates Intracellular Ca (2+) in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells due to Release of Ca (2+) from Primary Intracellular Stores. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:759615. [PMID: 24348719 PMCID: PMC3857908 DOI: 10.1155/2013/759615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso (bergamot, BEO) on intracellular Ca2+ in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Fura-2 fluorescence was used to examine changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i
. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, BEO increased [Ca2+]i
, which was partially inhibited by a nonselective Ca2+ channel blocker La3+. In Ca2+-free extracellular solutions, BEO increased [Ca2+]i
in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that BEO mobilizes intracellular Ca2+. BEO-induced [Ca2+]i
increase was partially inhibited by a Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release inhibitor dantrolene, a phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, and an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-gated Ca2+ channel blocker, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borane (2-APB). BEO also increased [Ca2+]i
in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. In addition, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOC) was potentiated by BEO. These results suggest that BEO mobilizes Ca2+ from primary intracellular stores via Ca2+-induced and IP3-mediated Ca2+ release and affect promotion of Ca2+ influx, likely via an SOC mechanism.
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Bergamot essential oil differentially modulates intracellular Ca2+ levels in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells: a new finding seen with fura-2. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:324-8. [PMID: 23288200 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182834681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the effect of the essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso [bergamot, bergamot essential oil (BEO)] on the intracellular Ca levels in vascular endothelial (EA) and mouse vascular smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells, using the fura-2 fluorescence technique. BEO caused an initial transient increase in intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca]i) in EA cells, followed by a decrease, whereas it induced a sustained increase in [Ca]i in MOVAS cells. Linalyl acetate (LA) as a major component of BEO-induced [Ca]i mobilization was similar to BEO in EA cells. The increase of [Ca]i by LA was higher in EA cells than in MOVAS cells. [Ca]i rise induced by extracellular Ca application was significantly blocked by BEO or LA in EA cells but not in MOVAS cells, suggesting that BEO and LA block Ca influx in EA cells. The present results suggest that BEO and LA differentially modulate intracellular Ca levels in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In addition, blockade of Ca influx by BEO and LA in EA cells may explain the protective effects of BEO on endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Igarashi T. Physical and psychologic effects of aromatherapy inhalation on pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19:805-10. [PMID: 23410527 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2012.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stress reduction care is important for pregnant women to decrease obstetric complications and children's health problems after birth. The aim of this study is to clarify the physical and psychologic effects of inhalation aromatherapy on pregnant women. Essential oils with high linalool and linalyl acetate content that may be used during pregnancy were selected and among these, and the one preferred by the participant was used. DESIGN This was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTINGS/LOCATION This trial was performed at a gynecology outpatient department in a hospital in Kyoto, Japan. PARTICIPANTS The study included pregnant women in week 28 of a single pregnancy with a normal course. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned into an aromatherapy group and a control group. They were seated in the resting, seated position for 10 minutes. During the latter 5 minutes of each 10-minute session, aromatherapy inhalation was performed for the aromatherapy group. OUTCOME MEASURES Before and after the intervention, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was measured. During the trial, the heart-rate fluctuations were measured for the autonomic nervous system regulation. RESULTS A total of 13 pregnant women participated in the trial. Seven (7) participants were assigned to the aromatherapy group and 6 participants to the control group. The results of the POMS were such that based on an intragroup comparison, significant differences were observed in the Tension-Anxiety score (p<0.05) and the Anger-Hostility score (p<0.05), and the respective improvements observed were due to aromatherapy. The results of the autonomic nervous system regulation were such that based on an intragroup comparison within the aromatherapy group, the parasympathetic nerve activity increased significantly (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Aromatherapy inhalation using essential oils containing linalyl acetate and linalool was found to be effective for the POMS and parasympathetic nerve activity, based on an intragroup comparison. However, based on a comparison between the groups, no substantial difference was observed; hence, further study is necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Igarashi
- Department of Maternity Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing, Nara Medical University , Kashihara, Japan
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Seol GH, Lee YH, Kang P, You JH, Park M, Min SS. Randomized controlled trial for Salvia sclarea or Lavandula angustifolia: differential effects on blood pressure in female patients with urinary incontinence undergoing urodynamic examination. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19:664-70. [PMID: 23360656 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2012.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inhalation of Salvia sclarea (clary sage; clary) or Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) essential oil vapors on autonomic nervous system activity in female patients with urinary incontinence undergoing urodynamic assessment. STUDY DESIGN, LOCATION, AND SUBJECTS: This study was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial carried out in 34 female patients with urinary incontinence. OUTCOME MEASURE The subjects were randomized to inhale lavender, clary, or almond (control) oil at concentrations of 5% (vol/vol) each. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and salivary cortisol were measured before and after inhalation of these odors for 60 minutes. RESULTS The clary oil group experienced a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure compared with the control (p=0.048) and lavender oil (p=0.026) groups, a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure compared with the lavender oil group (p=0.034) and a significant decrease in respiratory rate compared with the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, the lavender oil group tended to increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, inhalation of lavender oil (p=0.045) and clary oil (p<0.001) resulted in statistically significant reductions in respiratory rate. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that lavender oil inhalation may be inappropriate in lowering stress during urodynamic examinations, despite its antistress effects, while clary oil inhalation may be useful in inducing relaxation in female urinary incontinence patients undergoing urodynamic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kang P, Suh SH, Min SS, Seol GH. The essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso induces vasorelaxation of the mouse aorta by activating K(+) channels and inhibiting Ca(2+) influx. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:745-9. [PMID: 23600392 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso (bergamot) on mouse blood vessels and to analyse the mechanism of this effect from a pharmacological perspective. METHODS We investigated the effect of bergamot essential oil (BEO) on vascular tonus during contraction of mouse aorta induced by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine). KEY FINDINGS In mouse aortic rings, BEO (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2% v/v) reduced contraction in a dose-dependent manner, and relaxed the vascular tonus induced by PGF2α . No significant difference in the extent of vasorelaxation induced by 0.1% (v/v) BEO was evident when rings with intact endothelium and endothelium-denuded rings were compared. When aortic rings were suspended in a medium that was Ca(2+) -free but contained 80 mm KCl, addition of CaCl2 (1, 2.5 or 5 mm) induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner. However, addition of Ca(2+) after incubation of the rings with BEO strongly suppressed CaCl2 -induced contraction. Further, the K(+) -channel blocker tetraethylammonium chloride partially blocked BEO-induced vasorelaxation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BEO may induce endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by regulating the vascular tone of smooth muscle. Activation of K(+) channels and inhibition of Ca(2+) influx may be involved in vasorelaxation of mouse aorta elicited by BEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purum Kang
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Huang MY, Liao MH, Wang YK, Huang YS, Wen HC. Effect of lavender essential oil on LPS-stimulated inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:845-59. [PMID: 22809036 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lavender essential oil (LEO) is one the most favorite and widely used essential oils in aromatherapy. Many studies have demonstrated its functions in calming, assisting sleep, reducing pain and muscular spasms and its antiseptic function. To date, however, the mechanism of LEO on inflammation response is not well understood. In this study, we examined the effect of LEO on 5 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation reaction in human monocyte THP-1 cells. We found treatment of 0.1% LEO significantly increased cell viability and inhibited the IL-1β and superoxide anion generation in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Treatment with LEO down-regulated both LPS-induced protein levels of phospho-NF-κB and membrane Toll-like receptor 4. To determine whether the chaperone protein was involved in the reaction, we determined the levels of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70). Our results showed that LEO increased HSP70 expression in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells, suggesting that the LEO inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory effect might be associated with the expression of HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Huang
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Cancer-related stress and complementary and alternative medicine: a review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:979213. [PMID: 22844341 PMCID: PMC3403456 DOI: 10.1155/2012/979213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A cancer diagnosis elicits strong psychophysiological reactions that characterize stress. Stress is experienced by all patients but is usually not discussed during patient-healthcare professional interaction; thus underdiagnosed, very few are referred to support services. The prevalence of CAM use in patients with history of cancer is growing. The purpose of the paper is to review the aspects of cancer-related stress and interventions of commonly used complementary and alternative techniques/products for amelioration of cancer-related stress. Feasibility of intervention of several CAM techniques and products commonly used by cancer patients and survivors has been established in some cancer populations. Efficacy of some CAM techniques and products in reducing stress has been documented as well as stress-related symptoms in patients with cancer such as mindfulness-based stress reduction, yoga, Tai Chi Chuan, acupuncture, energy-based techniques, and physical activity. Much of the research limitations include small study samples and variety of intervention length and content. Efficacy and safety of many CAM techniques and some herbs and vitamin B and D supplements need to be confirmed in further studies using scientific methodology. Several complementary and alternative medicine therapies could be integrated into standard cancer care to ameliorate cancer-related stress.
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Sasannejad P, Saeedi M, Shoeibi A, Gorji A, Abbasi M, Foroughipour M. Lavender Essential Oil in the Treatment of Migraine Headache: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Eur Neurol 2012; 67:288-91. [DOI: 10.1159/000335249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yim VWC, Ng AKY, Tsang HWH, Leung AY. A review on the effects of aromatherapy for patients with depressive symptoms. J Altern Complement Med 2010; 15:187-95. [PMID: 19216657 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2008.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We reviewed studies from 2000 to 2008 on using essential oils for patients with depression or depressive symptoms and examined their clinical effects. METHODS The review was conducted among five electronic databases to identify all peer-reviewed journal papers that tested the effects of aromatherapy in the form of therapeutic massage for patients with depressive symptoms. RESULTS The results were based on six studies examining the effects of aromatherapy on depressive symptoms in patients with depression and cancer. Some studies showed positive effects of this intervention among these three groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that aromatherapy could continue to be used as a complementary and alternative therapy for patients with depression and secondary depressive symptoms arising from various types of chronic medical conditions. More controlled studies with sound methodology should be conducted in the future to ascertain its clinical effects and the underlying psychobiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W C Yim
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Bradley BF, Brown SL, Chu S, Lea RW. Effects of orally administered lavender essential oil on responses to anxiety-provoking film clips. Hum Psychopharmacol 2009; 24:319-30. [PMID: 19382124 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lavender odour is commonly used to alleviate mild anxiety. Double blind studies are difficult to conduct with odours, and there are few reliable investigations of lavender's efficacy. METHOD Orally administered lavender capsules (placebo, 100, 200 microl) were tested in a randomised between-subjects (n = 97) double-blind study. Film clips were used to elicit anxiety. Measures included anxiety, State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), mood, positive and negative affect scale (PANAS), heart rate (HR), galvanic skin response (GSR), and heart rate variation (HRV). Following baseline measurements capsules were administered. Participants viewed a neutral film clip, then an anxiety-provoking and light-hearted recovery film clip. RESULTS For the 200 microl lavender dose during the neutral film clip there was a trend towards reduced state anxiety, GSR and HR and increased HRV. In the anxiety-eliciting film, lavender was mildly beneficial in females but only on HRV measures. In males sympathetic arousal increased during the anxiety film (GSR). HRV significantly increased at 200 microl during all three film clips in females, suggesting decreased anxiety. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that lavender has anxiolytic effects in humans under conditions of low anxiety, but these effects may not extend to conditions of high anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda F Bradley
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, UK.
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Peng SM, Koo M, Yu ZR. Effects of Music and Essential Oil Inhalation on Cardiac Autonomic Balance in Healthy Individuals. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 15:53-7. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2008.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ming Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Healing Sciences, Nanhua University, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Malcolm Koo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Healing Sciences, Nanhua University, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Zer-Ran Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Healing Sciences, Nanhua University, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Shiina Y, Funabashi N, Lee K, Toyoda T, Sekine T, Honjo S, Hasegawa R, Kawata T, Wakatsuki Y, Hayashi S, Murakami S, Koike K, Daimon M, Komuro I. Relaxation effects of lavender aromatherapy improve coronary flow velocity reserve in healthy men evaluated by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Int J Cardiol 2007; 129:193-7. [PMID: 17689755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been reported that mental stress is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and impairs coronary circulation. Lavender aromatherapy, one of the most popular complementary treatments, is recognized as a beneficial mental relaxation therapy. However, no study has examined the effect of this therapy on coronary circulation. We aimed to assess the effect of lavender aromatherapy on coronary circulation by measuring coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) with noninvasive transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE). MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 30 young healthy men (mean age 34+/-4.7 years, range 24-40 years). Coronary flow velocities in the left anterior descending coronary artery were recorded by TTDE at rest and during hyperemia induced with an intravenous infusion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). CFVR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to basal mean diastolic flow velocity. CFVR was assessed at baseline and immediately after lavender aromatherapy (four drops of essential oil diluted with 20 ml of hot water and inhaled for 30 min). Simultaneously, serum cortisol was measured as a marker of stress hormones. To exclude the relaxation effects of rest, the same measurements were repeated in the same volunteers without aromatherapy as a control study. RESULTS CFVR measurements were obtained in all volunteers (100%). Blood pressure and heart rate responses to ATP infusion were not affected by lavender aromatherapy. Serum cortisol significantly decreased after lavender aromatherapy (8.4+/-3.6 to 6.3+/-3.3, p<0.05), but remained unchanged in controls (9.1+/-3.5 to 8.1+/-3.9, p=ns). In addition, CFVR significantly increased after lavender aromatherapy (3.8+/-0.87 to 4.7+/-0.90, p<0.001), but not in controls (3.9+/-0.8 to 3.9+/-0.8, p=ns). CONCLUSIONS Lavender aromatherapy reduced serum cortisol and improved CFVR in healthy men. These findings suggest that lavender aromatherapy has relaxation effects and may have beneficial acute effects on coronary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Shiina
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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