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Goyal C, Goyal V, Naqvi WM. Goyal-Naqvi Syndrome (Concurrent Trisomy 10p and Terminal 14q Deletion): A Review of the Literature. Cureus 2021; 13:e16652. [PMID: 34513343 PMCID: PMC8412206 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Goyal-Naqvi syndrome (GNS) is a newly documented clinical entity that comprises trisomy 10p and terminal 14q deletion, though trisomy 10p and terminal 14q deletion have been discovered as distinct conditions in 1974 and 1997, respectively. Nevertheless, to date, the total number of reported cases of each of these conditions is estimated to be in double digits. Both manifest as a constellation of features like craniofacial dysmorphism, hypotonia, intellectual impairment and global developmental delay. Characteristic facies include protruded forehead, hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, down slanting palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridge, long philtrum, thin upper lip, carp-shaped mouth, retro-micrognathia and low set ears. Besides, trisomy 10p is strikingly associated with clinodactyly and camptodactyly which aids in clinical diagnosis, apart from other musculoskeletal deformities like hip dysplasia and pes planus. Intersex conditions have been found to commonly co-exist. As other systems also display involvement frequently, trisomy 10p is a discernible multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome. On the other hand, with terminal 14q deletion, increased risk of certain types of cancer was predicted as specific tumor suppressor genes are lost in the deletion and thus, screening was recommended. Genetic workup using techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), spectral karyotyping (SKY) and chromosomal microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was found to be helpful in diagnosis of trisomy 10p and 14q deletion. Prenatal diagnosis of these conditions has been well documented too. Intrauterine growth retardation has been observed to be related to trisomy 10p. There is a paucity of literature on the management of children diagnosed with trisomy 10p or with terminal 14q deletion. Although management of a child diagnosed with concomitant occurrence of trisomy 10p and terminal 14q deletion by a multidisciplinary approach emphasizing physiotherapeutic intervention has shown remarkable improvement in motor skills, the care of children diagnosed with these genetic aberrations needs further investigation. Documentation of more such cases will help to expand phenotypic spectrum for early identification and to delineate natural history for a life span approach. Early identification and intervention facilitate tapping of the maximum neuroplastic potential for better neurodevelopmental outcomes. We present a review of current literature on this novel syndrome to identify gaps in knowledge to build future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanan Goyal
- Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.,Paediatric Physiotherapy, Government Physiotherapy College, Raipur, IND
| | - Vivek Goyal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shri Balaji Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, IND
| | - Waqar M Naqvi
- Community Physiotherapy, Mahatma Gandhi Mission School of Physiotherapy, Aurangabad, IND.,Community Physiotherapy, Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, IND
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2
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Glaeser AB, Diniz BL, Santos AS, Guaraná BB, Muniz VF, Carlotto BS, Everling EM, Noguchi PY, Garcia AR, Miola J, Riegel M, Mergener R, Gazzola Zen PR, Machado Rosa RF. A child with cat-eye syndrome and oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum phenotype: A discussion around molecular cytogenetic findings. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104319. [PMID: 34474176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cat eye syndrome (CES) is a rare chromosomal disorder that may be evident at birth. A small supernumerary chromosome is present, frequently has 2 centromeres, is bisatellited, and represents an inv dup(22)(q11) in those affected. It's known that the 22q11 region is associated with disorders involving higher and lower gene dosages. Conditions such as CES, 22q11 microduplication syndrome (Dup22q11) and oculoauriculovertebral spectrum phenotype (OAVS) may share genes belonging to this same region, which is known to have a predisposition to chromosomal rearrangements. The conditions, besides being related to chromosome 22, also share similar phenotypes. Here we have added a molecular evaluation update and results found of the first patient described with CES and OAVS phenotype, trying to explain the potential mechanism involved in the occurrence of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Barreto Glaeser
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lixinski Diniz
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Soares Carlotto
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Miola
- Graduation in Medicine, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariluce Riegel
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Mergener
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
Trisomy 10p is a rare entity to be diagnosed and so is terminal 14q deletion. The total number of trisomy 10p cases reported to date is estimated to be in double digits. The number of terminal 14q deletion cases that have been reported in the literature is even lesser than that of trisomy 10p. Simultaneous occurrence of these genetic aberrations is, therefore, extremely rare. Herein, we document a case of a 14-month-old female diagnosed with trisomy 10p and terminal 14q deletion, who presented with an inability to sit without support and had difficulty in holding her neck. She had no means of independent indoor mobility, which was further limiting her development by exploration. Clinical features included hypotonia, developmental delay, extraneous movements of the head and tongue, intellectual impairment, and facial dysmorphism. She could maintain tripod sitting for less than a minute. Physiotherapy intervention was based on principles of neurodevelopmental treatment and sensory integration. After nine months of physiotherapy intervention, her total gross motor function measure (GMFM) score improved from 11% to 40%. The functional gains were maintained with a home exercise program, after almost one year of discontinuation of institution-based physiotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the management of a child with the diagnosis of trisomy 10p along with terminal 14q deletion. Further research on the role of early intervention to maximize functional potential in rare genetic conditions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanan Goyal
- Community Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
- Paediatric Physiotherapy, Government Physiotherapy College, Raipur, IND
| | - Vivek Goyal
- Anaesthesiology, Shri Balaji Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, IND
| | - Waqar M Naqvi
- Community Physiotherapy, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
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Hoffman S, Sadler L, Totman T, Bagne L. A Possible case of Facio-Auriculo-Vertebral sequence (FAVs) in an adult female from medieval Iceland (13th-16th Century). Int J Paleopathol 2019; 24:41-47. [PMID: 30265886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper presents a possible case of Facio-Auriculo-Vertebral sequence (FAVs) in an adult female from Haffjarðarey, Western Iceland (1200-1563 CE) and a brief review of associated terminology. MATERIALS The skeletal remains of a single adult female (HFE-A-34, 18-24 years old), excavated in 1945 by the National Museum of Iceland. METHODS We carried out macroscopic examination of the cranium and mandible in 2017. RESULTS Right side unilateral asymmetric craniofacial dysplasia was identified on the cranium and mandible of HFE-A-34. CONCLUSIONS This individual presents with anomalous craniofacial asymmetry consistent with a clinical diagnosis of FAVs. SIGNIFICANCE This paper offers a visually distinct case of an under-represented and under-documented congenital condition for future identification within paleopathology. LIMITATIONS Infra-cranial skeletal manifestations of FAVs would strengthen this possible diagnosis, but at this time it is not possible to definitively link the cranium and mandible of HFE-A-34 to any of the infra-cranial remains excavated from Haffjarðarey. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH In addition to further clarifying the variable nature of FAVs in archaeological remains, a detailed discussion of disability and the perception of disabled individuals within the medieval North Atlantic is necessary in order to understand the lived experiences of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hoffman
- The University at Buffalo, Department of Anthropology, Buffalo, New York, United States.
| | - Laurie Sadler
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Oishei Children's Hospital, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Studies, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Trevor Totman
- The University at Buffalo, Department of Anthropology, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Lea Bagne
- Independent Researcher and Photographer, Buffalo, New York, United States
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Beleza-Meireles A, Clayton-Smith J, Saraiva JM, Tassabehji M. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: a review of the literature and genetic update. J Med Genet 2014; 51:635-45. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Zielinski D, Markus B, Sheikh M, Gymrek M, Chu C, Zaks M, Srinivasan B, Hoffman JD, Aizenbud D, Erlich Y. OTX2 duplication is implicated in hemifacial microsomia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96788. [PMID: 24816892 PMCID: PMC4016008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the second most common facial anomaly after cleft lip and palate. The phenotype is highly variable and most cases are sporadic. We investigated the disorder in a large pedigree with five affected individuals spanning eight meioses. Whole-exome sequencing results indicated the absence of a pathogenic coding point mutation. A genome-wide survey of segmental variations identified a 1.3 Mb duplication of chromosome 14q22.3 in all affected individuals that was absent in more than 1000 chromosomes of ethnically matched controls. The duplication was absent in seven additional sporadic HFM cases, which is consistent with the known heterogeneity of the disorder. To find the critical gene in the duplicated region, we analyzed signatures of human craniofacial disease networks, mouse expression data, and predictions of dosage sensitivity. All of these approaches implicated OTX2 as the most likely causal gene. Moreover, OTX2 is a known oncogenic driver in medulloblastoma, a condition that was diagnosed in the proband during the course of the study. Our findings suggest a role for OTX2 dosage sensitivity in human craniofacial development and raise the possibility of a shared etiology between a subtype of hemifacial microsomia and medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Zielinski
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barak Markus
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mona Sheikh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa Gymrek
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clement Chu
- Counsyl, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marta Zaks
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Jodi D. Hoffman
- Division of Genetics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Yaniv Erlich
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Szabó GP, Knegt AC, Ujfalusi A, Balogh E, Szabó T, Oláh É. Subtelomeric 6.7 Mb trisomy 10p and 5.6 Mb monosomy 21q detected by FISH and array-CGH in three related patients. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:869-76. [PMID: 22407767 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cryptic subtelomeric chromosomal aberrations are responsible for 5-10% of moderate/severe and 1% of mild intellectual disability. Unbalanced subtelomeric chromosomal rearrangements result in variable phenotypes which seem to be highly influenced by both the size of the duplication/deletion and the chromosomes involved in the translocation. We report on three related patients with moderate intellectual disability, language delay, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism, cardiac anomalies, scoliosis, and kyphosis in whom a familial (maternal) unbalanced submicroscopic translocation was found by subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This rearrangement resulted in a partial trisomy 10pter and partial monosomy 21qter. The karyotype was 46,XY.ish der(21)t(10;21)(p14;q22.2). Confirmation of a 6.7 Mb size distal duplication of the p15.3-14 region of chromosome 10 and a 5.6 Mb distal deletion of the q22.2-22.3 region of chromosome 21 was obtained by array-CGH. To our best knowledge, such a composition of subtelomeric unbalanced translocations has not yet been published. Detection of this aberration in successive pregnancies of carrier members of the family by prenatal FISH could prevent the recurrence of the disease. Furthermore, detection of the rearrangements and identification of genes located in the chromosomal regions involved might be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella P Szabó
- Pediatrics Institute, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Abstract
This study explored the role of TCOF1 insertion mutations in Taiwanese patients with craniofacial anomalies. Twelve patients with single or multiple, asymmetrical congenital craniofacial anomalies were enrolled. Genomic DNA was prepared from leukocytes; the coding regions of TCOF1 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Clinical manifestations were correlated to the TCOF1 mutation. Six of 12 patients diagnosed with hemifacial microsomia exhibited a novel insertion mutation 4127 ins G (frameshift) in exon 24 in the TCOF1 gene. All six patients were diagnosed with anomalies on the left side. In addition, four of these six patients had hearing impairment; three had other major anomalies; and two had developmental delay. The insertion caused a frameshift, an early truncation, the loss of two putative nuclear localization signals (residues 1404-1420 and 1424-1440), and the loss of coiled coil domain (1406-1426) in treacle protein. These findings support the existence of two regulators of growth of the mandibular condyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-H Su
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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10
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Meazzini MC, Brusati R, Caprioglio A, Diner P, Garattini G, Giannì E, Lalatta F, Poggio C, Sesenna E, Silvestri A, Tomat C. True hemifacial microsomia and hemimandibular hypoplasia with condylar-coronoid collapse: diagnostic and prognostic differences. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011; 139:e435-47. [PMID: 21536185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-term results after orthopedic or surgical treatment of hemifacial microsomia (HFM) have shown a tendency toward recurrence of the facial asymmetry. However, the literature contains a number of successful case reports that show surprising changes in the morphology of the condyles. In addition, patients with similar mandibular asymmetries, treated early with surgery, have excellent long-term follow-ups, especially those who have little or no soft-tissue involvement, but only severe mandibular ramal deformities. The phenotypes of these cases are unexpectedly similar, with a consistent collapse of the condyle against the coronoid and a deep sigmoid notch. The objectives of this article were to help distinguish true HFM from this peculiar type of hemimandibular asymmetry morphologically and to quantify their differences before treatement and in the long term. METHODS Panoramic radiographs taken at pretreatment and the long-term follow-up of 9 patients with hemimandibular hypoplasia, characterized by the collapse of the condyle against the coronoid, were compared with those of 8 patients with severe type I and type II HFM; these records were collected before and at least 10 years after distraction osteogenesis. RESULTS Ratios and angular measurements before and after treatment differed significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Perhaps these patients were misdiagnosed and actually had secondary injuries of the condyle, which have a normal functional matrix. Therefore, with growth and functional stimulation, they would tend to grow toward the original symmetry. To make a differential diagnosis between true HFM and this peculiar type of hemimandibular hypoplasia, the collaboration between not only orthodontists and surgeons, but also geneticists and dysmorphologists, is of great importance because of the different prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Meazzini
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Center, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Rooryck C, Souakri N, Cailley D, Bouron J, Goizet C, Delrue MA, Marlin S, Lacombe FD, Arveiler B. Array-CGH analysis of a cohort of 86 patients with oculoauriculovertebral spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1984-9. [PMID: 20635336 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital disorder. We performed high density oligonucleotide array-CGH on 86 OAVS patients and identified in 11 patients 12 novel genomic rearrangements (4 deletions and 8 duplications) ranging in size from 2.7 kb to 2.3 Mb. We discuss the potential pathogenic role of these chromosomal aberrations, and describe new candidate regions for OAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rooryck
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine (EA4137), Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
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Yasuda T, Mundy C, Kinumatsu T, Shibukawa Y, Shibutani T, Grobe K, Minugh-Purvis N, Pacifici M, Koyama E. Sulfotransferase Ndst1 is needed for mandibular and TMJ development. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1111-6. [PMID: 20554886 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510373766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HS-PGs) regulate several developmental processes, but their possible roles in mandibular and TMJ formation are largely unclear. To uncover such roles, we generated mice lacking Golgi-associated N-sulfotransferase 1 (Ndst1) that catalyzes sulfation of HS-PG glycosaminoglycan chains. Ndst1-null mouse embryos exhibited different degrees of phenotypic penetrance. Severely affected mutants lacked the temporomandibular joint and condyle, but had a mandibular remnant that displayed abnormal tooth germs, substandard angiogenesis, and enhanced apoptosis. In mildly affected mutants, the condylar growth plate was dysfunctional and exhibited thicker superficial and polymorphic cell zones, a much wider distribution of Indian hedgehog signaling activity, and ectopic ossification along its lateral border. Interestingly, mildly affected mutants also exhibited facial asymmetry resembling that seen in individuals with hemifacial microsomia. Our findings indicate that Ndst1-dependent HS sulfation is critical for mandibular and TMJ development and allows HS-PGs to exert their roles via regulation of Ihh signaling topography and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yasuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University College of Medicine, 1015 Walnut Street, Curtis Building Room 501, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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13
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Meazzini MC, Brusati R, Diner P, Giannì E, Lalatta F, Magri AS, Picard A, Sesenna E. The importance of a differential diagnosis between true hemifacial microsomia and pseudo-hemifacial microsomia in the post-surgical long-term prognosis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2010; 39:10-6. [PMID: 20456963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term results after surgical treatment of the mandibular asymmetry in growing children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM), whether with osteotomies or distraction osteogenesis, have mostly shown a tendency towards the recurrence of the asymmetry. In contrast, in the literature we find sporadic case reports where the long-term post-surgical follow-up of patients diagnosed as HFM, are surprisingly stable. All these reports refer to patients who have substantially no soft tissue involvement, but only severe mandibular ramus and condyle deformities. The phenotypes of these cases are unexpectedly similar. The authors suggest, that it is possible that all of these cases might be isolated hemimandibular hypoplasias, misdiagnosed as HFM, which present a normal functional matrix and, therefore, tend to grow towards the original symmetry. Differential diagnosis between true HFM and this HFM-like isolated hemimandibular hypoplasia (pseudo-HFM) is of great importance given the very different prognosis and it is possible through the collaboration between not only surgeons and orthodontists, but also of geneticists and dysmorphologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Meazzini
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Cleft lip and palate Center, University of Milano, Italy.
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Xu J, Fan YS, Siu VM. A child with features of Goldenhar syndrome and a novel 1.12 Mb deletion in 22q11.2 by cytogenetics and oligonucleotide array CGH: is this a candidate region for the syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:1886-9. [PMID: 18553512 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Cytogenetics Lab, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
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Meazzini MC, Caprioglio A, Garattini G, Lenatti L, Poggio CE. Hemandibular Hypoplasia Successfully Treated with Functional Appliances: Is it Truly Hemifacial Microsomia? Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2008; 45:50-6. [DOI: 10.1597/06-201.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature contains a number of case reports on successful orthopedic treatment of hemifacial microsomia (HFM), with surprising changes in the morphology of the condyles. All of these reports regard patients who have substantially no soft tissue involvement but only severe mandibular ramus and condyle deformities. A number of cases with unexpectedly similar phenotypes diagnosed as HFM are described. The authors suggest that it is possible that all of these cases might be misdiagnosed traumatic injuries of the condyle, which present a normal functional matrix and, therefore, with growth and with the help of functional stimulation, tend to grow toward the original symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Meazzini
- Orthodontic Consultant, CLP Center, Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, San Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - C. E. Poggio
- Visiting Professor in Orthodontics, Postgraduate Course in Orthodontics, University of Milano, Italy
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