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Lee SH, Jang MJ, Jeon YB. Blunt Cardiac Injuries That Require Operative Management: A Single-Center 7-Year Experience. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND INJURY 2021. [DOI: 10.20408/jti.2020.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Blunt cardiac injuries (BCI) have a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic myocardial contusion to cardiac rupture and death. BCIs rarely require surgical intervention, but can be rapidly fatal, requiring prompt evaluation and surgical treatment in some cases. The aim of this study was to identify potential factors associated with in-hospital mortality after surgery in patients with BCI. Methods The medical records of 15 patients who had undergone emergency cardiac surgery for BCI between January 2014 and August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. We included trauma patients older than 18 years admitted to Regional Trauma Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center during the study period. Clinical and laboratory variables were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Results Non-survivors showed a significantly higher Injury Severity Score (p=0.001) and Abbreviated Injury Scale in the chest region (p=0.001) than survivors. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-Organ Injury Scale Grade V injuries were significantly more common in non-survivors than in survivors (p=0.031). Non-survivors had significantly more preoperative packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions (p=0.019) and were significantly more likely to experience preoperative cardiac arrest (p=0.001) than survivors. Initial pH (p=0.010), lactate (p=0.026), and base excess (BE; p=0.026) levels showed significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions Initial pH, lactate, BE, ventricular injury, the amount of preoperative PRBC transfusions, and preoperative cardiac arrest were potential predictors of in-hospital mortality.
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Arabi RI, Aljudaibi A, Althumali AA, Rajb BS, Arja RD. Traumatic retrosternal hematoma leading to extra-pericardial cardiac tamponade-Case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2019; 61:30-32. [PMID: 31310858 PMCID: PMC6627002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediastinal hematoma caused by sternal fracture leading to cardiac tamponade it’s a rare presentation. CT Scan it’s an effective method to diagnose mediastinal hematoma. High clinical suspicion of extra pericardial tamponade is required when sternal fracture associated with mediastinal hematoma. The best management for mediastinal hematoma its urgent evocation of the hematoma to decrease the pressure on the heart.
Introduction Cardiac tamponade typically results from fluid or gas collection in the pericardial space leading to impairment in the cardiac function. Presentation of case A 34 years old male patient presented to the ER after a fall from height. X-rays were done which showed no hemothorax or pneumothorax and multiple stable pelvic fractures. Computed tomography (CT) scan for trauma was done after stabilizing the patient and showed sternal fracture with a huge retrosternal hematoma. The patient was intubated immediately, and an Echocardiogram was ordered along with preparation to go to the operation room urgently due to high suspicion of a rare case of cardiac tamponade. but the patient had cardiac arrest and couldn't be revived despite the CPR effort. Discussion This is a very unusual presentation of cardiac tamponade, mediastinal hematoma leading to extra pericardial tamponade. CT scan is an effective method to diagnose extra pericardial tamponade. In addition, to the high clinical suspicion is required. The sole treatment of mediastinal hematoma is an urgent evacuation. Conclusion A careful assessment with high clinical suspicion along with CT Scan is the best way to diagnose extra pericardial tamponade cause by sternal fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Issam Arabi
- Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Badr Saeed Rajb
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Vascular surgery Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rawad Daniel Arja
- Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Guarino M, Bologna A, De Giorgi A, Spampinato MD, Molino C, Gozzi D, Tonelli L, Fabbian F, Strada A, De Giorgio R. Cardiac tamponade as a late complication of a minor trauma due to syncope: A case report and literature review. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1024907918793790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemopericardium with cardiac tamponade following minor blunt trauma is a rare, life-threatening condition. The diagnosis of cardiac tamponade as well as therapeutic management may be delayed, since the link between trauma and illness is often overlooked. We report the case of an old woman who developed a relatively delayed cardiac tamponade due to an otherwise minor blunt chest trauma following syncope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Guarino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bologna
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele D Spampinato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Christian Molino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dario Gozzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Tonelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Fabbian
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Strada
- Department of Medical Sciences, Emergency Department, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, School of Specialization in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Ishida K, Kinoshita Y, Iwasa N, Nakae M, Sakaki M, Ieki Y, Takahashi K, Shimahara Y, Sogabe T, Shimono K, Noborio M, Sadamitsu D. Emergency room thoracotomy for acute traumatic cardiac tamponade caused by a blunt cardiac injury: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 35:21-24. [PMID: 28427001 PMCID: PMC5397131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic blunt cardiac injuries have a high mortality rate, and prompt diagnosis and treatment can be lifesaving in cardiac tamponade. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 62-year-old man was transferred to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. He was hemodynamically unstable. A focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) showed pericardial fluid with right ventricular collapse consistent with cardiac tamponade in the subxiphoid view. He collapsed despite a subxiphoid pericardiotomy. Owing to the ongoing hemodynamic instability, we performed a left anterolateral thoracotomy. Direct incision of the pericardium showed blood and clots within the pericardial space, indicating hemopericardium. The heart stroke and hemodynamic status recovered on removing the clot. DISCUSSION Although the physical findings of cardiac tamponade are not always apparent in life-threatening acute cardiac tamponade after blunt trauma, FAST is a reliable tool for diagnosing and following cardiac tamponade. A median sternotomy is a standard approach for evaluating cardiac injury in hemodynamically stable patients with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. However, a left anterior thoracotomy was the fastest, simplest life-saving procedure considering the need for open-chest cardiac massage given our patient's life-threatening condition. CONCLUSION A prompt diagnosis using FAST and treatment can be lifesaving in traumatic acute cardiac tamponade. A pericardiotomy via a thoracotomy is mandatory for lifesaving cardiac decompression in acute traumatic cardiac tamponade in cases of ineffective drainage due to clot formation within the pericardial space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Ishida
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kinoshita
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Iwasa
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaro Nakae
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sakaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Ieki
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takahashi
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Shimahara
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taku Sogabe
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Shimono
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Noborio
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daikai Sadamitsu
- Department of Acute Medicine and Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
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Alvarado C, Vargas F, Guzmán F, Zárate A, Correa JL, Ramírez A, Quintero DM, Ramírez EM. Trauma cardiaco cerrado. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Nhan NH, Anh PTT, Trung TM, Pezzella AT. Blunt traumatic left atrial appendage rupture and cardiac herniation. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2014; 22:598-600. [PMID: 24585276 DOI: 10.1177/0218492313479124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A 42-year-old man sustained blunt thoracic trauma after a motor vehicle accident. He underwent an urgent operation. Operative findings included a large hematoma, a 4-cm tear in the left atrial appendage, and a long pleuropericardial rupture along the right phrenic nerve. We repaired the left atrial appendage without cardiopulmonary bypass, and closed the pericardial defect primarily. The patient recovered fully and was discharged on the 6th postoperative day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huu Nhan
- Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pham Tho Tuan Anh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Trung
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Crash test rating and likelihood of major thoracoabdominal injury in motor vehicle crashes: the new car assessment program side-impact crash test, 1998-2010. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76:750-4. [PMID: 24553544 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3182aafd5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) implemented side-impact crash testing on all new vehicles since 1998 to assess the likelihood of major thoracoabdominal injuries during a side-impact crash. Higher crash test rating is intended to indicate a safer car, but the real-world applicability of these ratings is unknown. Our objective was to determine the relationship between a vehicle's NCAP side-impact crash test rating and the risk of major thoracoabdominal injury among the vehicle's occupants in real-world side-impact motor vehicle crashes. METHODS The National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System contains detailed crash and injury data in a sample of major crashes in the United States. For model years 1998 to 2010 and crash years 1999 to 2010, 68,124 occupants were identified in the Crashworthiness Data System database. Because 47% of cases were missing crash severity (ΔV), multiple imputation was used to estimate the missing values. The primary predictor of interest was the occupant vehicle's NCAP side-impact crash test rating, and the outcome of interest was the presence of major (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score ≥ 3) thoracoabdominal injury. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, increasing NCAP crash test rating was associated with lower likelihood of major thoracoabdominal injury at high (odds ratio [OR], 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-0.9; p < 0.01) and medium (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8-1.0; p < 0.05) crash severity (ΔV), but not at low ΔV (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.8-1.2; p = 0.55). In our model, older age and absence of seat belt use were associated with greater likelihood of major thoracoabdominal injury at low and medium ΔV (p < 0.001), but not at high ΔV (p ≥ 0.09). CONCLUSION Among adults in model year 1998 to 2010 vehicles involved in medium and high severity motor vehicle crashes, a higher NCAP side-impact crash test rating is associated with a lower likelihood of major thoracoabdominal trauma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level III.
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Aykan AC, Oguz AE, Yildiz M, Özkan M. Complete atrioventricular block associated with non-penetrating cardiac trauma in a 40-year-old man. J Emerg Med 2011; 44:e41-3. [PMID: 22056546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial contusion is a rare complication of blunt chest trauma. Transient conduction and rhythm problems, right ventricular dysfunction, or pulmonary embolism may occur after chest trauma, but these complications almost always occur early in the post-operative period. OBJECTIVES The objective is to describe a case illustrating that trauma may induce high-grade atrioventricular block. CASE REPORT We report the case of a patient who developed delayed onset of complete atrioventricular block after transient complete atrioventricular block and alternating bundle branch block secondary to blunt chest trauma. CONCLUSION Even with an injury that does not seem to be caused by direct penetrating trauma to the heart, maybe every trauma patient needs an electrocardiographic evaluation. It is important to note that myocardial healing is a continuous process after trauma, and additional pathology may be revealed later in the course of healing from myocardial contusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet C Aykan
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Traumatic dissection of a coronary artery: detection by multislice computed tomography and use of tirofiban as a reversible platelet inhibitor. Resuscitation 2010; 82:358-60. [PMID: 21194825 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report on a trauma victim without history of or risk factors for cardiac disease, who suffered coronary artery dissection caused by blunt chest injury (BCI). Myocardial ischaemia was detected by multislice computed tomography (MSCT) promptly after trauma centre admission and managed by immediate revascularisation. Thoracic trauma may cause myocardial ischaemia in the absence of a specific risk profile. MSCT, as part of initial work-up in severely injured patients, may support differential diagnosis after BCI. Tirofiban and unfractionated heparin as short-acting anticoagulants warrant stent patency and concurrently offer the possibility of quick recovery of haemostasis in case of haemorrhage.
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Turan AA, Karayel FA, Akyildiz E, Pakis I, Uzun I, Gurpinar K, Atılmıs U, Kir Z. Cardiac Injuries Caused by Blunt Trauma: An Autopsy Based Assessment of the Injury Pattern. J Forensic Sci 2010; 55:82-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Blunt Rupture of the Heart: Surgical Treatment of Three Different Clinical Presentations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:1529-33. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ta.0000229794.36463.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Costa-Val R, Campos-Christo SF, Abrantes WL, Campos-Christo MB, Marques MC, Miguel EV. Reflexões sobre o trauma cardiovascular civil a partir de um estudo prospectivo de 1000 casos atendidos em um centro de trauma de nível I: a prospective study from 1000 cases. Rev Col Bras Cir 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912008000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Analisar os dados referentes a uma grande série de casos de traumas cardiovasculares exclusivamente civil operados em um único centro de trauma brasileiro. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte, prospectivo, descritivo e analítico registrados entre os anos de 1998 - 2005. RESULTADOS: No período foram operados 1000 casos que acometeram principalmente homens jovens devido a armas de fogo, armas brancas/vidros e trauma contuso e cuja topografia das lesões se deu na seguinte ordem: abdominais, cervicais, torácicas e extremidades. As três síndromes mais comuns a admissão foram: hemorrágica, isquêmica e hemorrágica/isquêmica. No entanto, 34.6% dos pacientes estavam em choque hipovolêmico grave e em 85% da casuística havia lesões não cardiovasculares associadas. A maioria dos pacientes foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico sem propedêutica específica, mas 14% destes foram reoperados devido à síndrome compartimental, trombose aguda e/ou hemorragia grave. A taxa de amputação foi de 5.5% e da mortalidade de 7.5%, estando correlacionada com choque hipovolêmico grave ou síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica. Lesões CCV isoladas ocorreram em 15% dos casos com taxa de letalidade global de 41%, sendo 22% venosa, 47% arterial e 81% cardíaca, proporcionando diferença significativa entre lesões cardíacas versus arteriais e venosas associadas (p = 0,01; odds ratio de 7.37) e lesões arteriais versus venosas (p = 0,01; odds ratio de 3.17). CONCLUSÃO: Esta grande série de casos demonstrou ser o homem jovem o mais acometido devido principalmente à violência interpessoal e os acidentes automobilísticos, que envolvem na maioria das vezes as extremidades, associadas com lesões em outros órgãos ou sistemas. Os fatores preditivos de mau prognóstico foram choque hipovolêmico, lesão de grandes vasos arteriais e lesão cardíaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Costa-Val
- Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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DeBerry BB, Lynch JE, Chernin JM, Zwischenberger JB, Chung DH. Successful management of pediatric cardiac contusion with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 63:1380-2. [PMID: 17429326 DOI: 10.1097/01.ta.0000224888.49964.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany B DeBerry
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Van Horn JM. A Case Study of Right Ventricular Rupture in an Elderly Victim of Motor Vehicle Crash. J Trauma Nurs 2007; 14:136-43. [DOI: 10.1097/01.jtn.0000292114.80647.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fitzgerald M, Spencer J, Johnson F, Marasco S, Atkin C, Kossmann T. Definitive management of acute cardiac tamponade secondary to blunt trauma. Emerg Med Australas 2005; 17:494-9. [PMID: 16302943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2005.00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blunt cardiac injuries are a leading cause of fatalities following motor-vehicle accidents. Injury to the heart is involved in 20% of road traffic deaths. Structural cardiac injuries (i.e. chamber rupture or perforation) carry a high mortality rate and patients rarely survive long enough to reach hospital. Chamber rupture is present at autopsy in 36-65% of death from blunt cardiac trauma, whereas in clinical series it is present in 0.3-0.9% of cases and is an uncommon clinical finding. Patients with large ruptures or perforations usually die at the scene or in transit--the rupture of a cardiac cavity, coronary artery or intrapericardial portion of a major vein or artery is usually instantly fatal because of acute tamponade. The small, rare, remaining group of patients who survive to hospital presentation usually have tears in a cavity under low pressure and prompt diagnosis and surgery can now lead to a survival rate of 70-80% in experienced trauma centres. As regional trauma systems evolve, patients with severe, but potentially survivable cardiac injury are surviving to ED. Two distinct syndromes are apparent--haemorrhagic shock and cardiac tamponade. Any patient with severe chest trauma, hypotension disproportionate to estimated loss of blood or with an inadequate response to fluid administration should be suspected of having a cardiac cause of shock. For patients with severe hypotension or in extremis, the treatment of choice is resuscitative thoracotomy with pericardotomy. Closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation is ineffective in these circumstances. Blunt traumatic cardiac injury presenting with shock is associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of survivors of blunt or penetrating cardiac injury present to the ED/trauma centre with vital signs. The main pathophysiologic determinant for most survivors is acute pericardial tamponade. The presence of normal clinical signs or normal ECG studies does not exclude tamponade. In recent years the widespread availability and use of ultrasound for the initial assessment of severely injured patients has facilitated the early diagnosis of cardiac tamponade and associated cardiac injuries. Two cases of survival from blunt traumatic cardiac trauma are described in the present paper to demonstrate survivability in the context of rapid assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fitzgerald
- National Trauma Research Institute, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Vougiouklakis T, Peschos D, Doulis A, Batistatou A, Mitselou A, Agnantis NJ. Sudden death from contusion of the right atrium after blunt chest trauma: case report and review of the literature. Injury 2005; 36:213-7. [PMID: 15589944 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2004.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Occult cardiac injury following blunt trauma is more common than generally suspected. Myocardial lesions range from myocardial contusion to cardiac rupture. Myocardial contusion is not uncommon, it is usually a benign disorder which often remains undiagnosed. We report the case of a previously healthy 29-year-old man who was involved in a fight and suffered from blunt heart injury leading to contusion of the right atrium. The patient died soon after the injury and before admission to the Hospital. The diagnosis was made at autopsy. The present case is of special interest because of the unusual eliciting event and the rarity of the contusion site (right atrium). It is reported in order to raise the index of suspicion in physicians treating patients involved in a fight and aid in prompt diagnosis of myocardial contusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Vougiouklakis
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad Karmy-Jones
- Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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