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Niekrenz L, Spreckelsen C. How to design effective educational videos for teaching evidence-based medicine to undergraduate learners - systematic review with complementing qualitative research to develop a practicable guide. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2024; 29:2339569. [PMID: 38615337 PMCID: PMC11017999 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2339569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND eLearning can be an effective tool to achieve learning objectives. It facilitates asynchronous distance learning, increasing flexibility for learners and instructors. In this context, the high educational value of videos provides an invaluable primary component for longitudinal digital curricula, especially for maintaining knowledge on otherwise rarely taught subjects. Although literature concerning eLearning evaluation exists, research comprehensively describing how to design effective educational videos is lacking. In particular, studies on the requirements and design goals of educational videos need to be complemented by qualitative research using grounded theory methodology. METHODS Due to the paucity of randomized controlled trials in this area, there is an urgent need to generate recommendations based on a broader fundament than a literature search alone. Thus, the authors have employed grounded theory as a guiding framework, augmented by Mayring's qualitative content analysis and commonly used standards. An adaptive approach was conducted based on a literature search and qualitative semi-structured interviews. Drawing on these results, the authors elaborated a guide for creating effective educational videos. RESULTS The authors identified 40 effective or presumedly effective factors fostering the success of video-based eLearning in teaching evidence-based medicine, providing a ready-to-use checklist. The information collected via the interviews supported and enriched much of the advice found in the literature. DISCUSSION To the authors' knowledge, this type of comprehensive guide for video-based eLearning needs has not previously been published. The interviews considerably contributed to the results. Due to the grounded theory-based approach, in particular, consensus was achieved without the presence of a formal expert panel. Although the guide was created with a focus on teaching evidence-based medicine, due to the general study selection process and research approach, the recommendations are applicable to a wide range of subjects in medical education where the teaching aim is to impart conceptual knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Niekrenz
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cord Spreckelsen
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Jayas A, Shaull L, Grbic D, Andriole DA, McOwen KS. Graduating Medical Students' Perceptions of the COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Their Medical School Experiences and Preparation for Careers as Physicians: A National Study. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:541-549. [PMID: 38134326 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented changes to the medical education learning environment. The graduating class of 2021 was particularly affected. To better understand how students were affected, the authors explored positive and negative experiences described by graduating U.S. medical students. METHOD Using the conceptual framework of affordances, the authors examined narrative responses to 2 new open-ended questions on the Association of American Medical Colleges 2021 Graduation Questionnaire in which graduating students described the pandemic's positive and negative effects on their medical school experiences and career preparation. Conventional content analysis was used to identify affordances and themes in responses. RESULTS Of 16,611 Graduation Questionnaire respondents, 8,926 (54%) provided narrative responses. Of these 8,926 respondents, responses from 2,408 students (27%) were analyzed. Students described positive and negative perceptions of affordances, centering around virtual learning, social connection, and transition to residency. Fewer in-person and increased virtual clinical rotations offered students flexible scheduling, allowing them greater opportunity to explore academic and professional interests. Additionally, students' sense of isolation from their medical school was alleviated when schools exercised intentional open communication and student involvement in decision making. Although many described a diminished sense of preparedness for residency due to limited access to in-person clinical experiences and to assessing residencies largely through virtual away rotations and interviews, the sense of community, adaptability, and resiliency gained through varied activities reinforced students' professional identity and commitment to medicine during a time of much uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS This national exploration of students' pandemic experiences highlights what students value as fundamental elements of medical education and student support and describes how innovation can improve long-standing practices. These findings, guided by students' insights, can help inform the work of educational leaders as they consider which innovations should remain to continue enhancing student learning, engagement, and well-being.
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Azzolini C, Premi E, Donati S, Falco A, Torreggiani A, Sicurello F, Baj A, Azzi L, Orro A, Porta G, Azzolini G, Sorrentino M, Melillo P, Testa F, Simonelli F, Giardina G, Paolucci U. Ten Years of Experience With a Telemedicine Platform Dedicated to Health Care Personnel: Implementation Report. JMIR Med Inform 2024; 12:e42847. [PMID: 38277199 PMCID: PMC10858419 DOI: 10.2196/42847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine, a term that encompasses several applications and tasks, generally involves the remote management and treatment of patients by physicians. It is known as transversal telemedicine when practiced among health care professionals (HCPs). OBJECTIVE We describe the experience of implementing our telemedicine Eumeda platform for HCPs over the last 10 years. METHODS A web-based informatics platform was developed that had continuously updated hypertext created using advanced technology and the following features: security, data insertion, dedicated software for image analysis, and the ability to export data for statistical surveys. Customizable files called "modules" were designed and built for different fields of medicine, mainly in the ophthalmology subspecialty. Each module was used by HCPs with different authorization profiles. IMPLEMENTATION (RESULTS) Twelve representative modules for different projects are presented in this manuscript. These modules evolved over time, with varying degrees of interconnectivity, including the participation of a number of centers in 19 cities across Italy. The number of HCP operators involved in each single module ranged from 6 to 114 (average 21.8, SD 28.5). Data related to 2574 participants were inserted across all the modules. The average percentage of completed text/image fields in the 12 modules was 65.7%. All modules were evaluated in terms of access, acceptability, and medical efficacy. In their final evaluation, the participants judged the modules to be useful and efficient for clinical use. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the usefulness of the telemedicine platform for HCPs in terms of improved knowledge in medicine, patient care, scientific research, teaching, and the choice of therapies. It would be useful to start similar projects across various health care fields, considering that in the near future medicine as we know it will completely change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Azzolini
- Advisory Council of e-Health and Telemedicine, University of Insubria of Varese-Como, Varese, Italy
- TM95 Srl, Milan, Italy
- Italian Association of Telemedicine and Medical Informatics, Milan, Italy
| | - Elias Premi
- Italian Association of Telemedicine and Medical Informatics, Milan, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Simone Donati
- Italian Association of Telemedicine and Medical Informatics, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Falco
- TM95 Srl, Milan, Italy
- Alfa Design Studio, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Sicurello
- Italian Association of Telemedicine and Medical Informatics, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Azzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orro
- TM95 Srl, Milan, Italy
- Italian Association of Telemedicine and Medical Informatics, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Melillo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Testa
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Bajra R, Srinivasan M, Torres EC, Rydel T, Schillinger E. Training future clinicians in telehealth competencies: outcomes of a telehealth curriculum and teleOSCEs at an academic medical center. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1222181. [PMID: 37849494 PMCID: PMC10577422 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1222181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes the program and learning outcomes of a telehealth skills curriculum based on the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) telehealth competencies for clerkship-level medical students. Methods A total of 133 third- and fourth-year medical students in a required family medicine clerkship at Stanford University School of Medicine participated in a telehealth curriculum, including a telehealth workshop, site-specific telehealth clinical encounters, and telemedicine objective structured clinical examinations (teleOSCEs) between July 2020 and August 2021. Their workshop communication and physical examination competencies were assessed in two teleOSCEs utilizing a novel telehealth assessment tool. Students' attitudes, skills, and self-efficacy were assessed through voluntary pre-clerkship, post-workshop, and post-OSCE surveys. Discussion Most learners reported low confidence in their telehealth physical examinations [n = 79, mean = 1.6 (scale 0-5, 5 = very confident, SD = 1.0)], which improved post-workshop [n = 69, 3.3 (0.9), p < 0.001]; almost all (97%, 70/72) felt the workshop prepared them to see patients in the clinic. In formative OSCEs, learners demonstrated appropriate "webside manner" (communication scores 94-99%, four items) but did not confirm confidentiality (21%) or review limitations of the visit (35%). In a low back pain OSCE, most learners assessed pain location (90%) and range of motion (87%); nearly half (48%) omitted strength testing. Conclusion Our telehealth curriculum demonstrated that telehealth competencies can be taught and assessed in medical student education. Improvement in self-efficacy scores suggests that an 80-min workshop can prepare students to see patients in the clinical setting. Assessment of OSCE data informs opportunities for growth for further development in the curriculum, including addressing visit limitations and confidentiality in telehealth visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Bajra
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- One Health Teaching Scholars Program, Stanford CARE Internships Programs, Stanford Center for Asian Healthcare Research and Education, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Elise Cheng Torres
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tracy Rydel
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Erika Schillinger
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Bajra R, Lin S, Theobald M, Antoun J. Telemedicine Competencies in Family Medicine Clerkships: A CERA Study. Fam Med 2023; 55:405-410. [PMID: 37307393 PMCID: PMC10622084 DOI: 10.22454/fammed.2023.242006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) designated cross-disciplinary telemedicine competencies, curricular implementation is at disparate stages across medical schools and with significant curricular gaps. We investigated factors associated with the presence of telemedicine curriculum in family medicine clerkships. METHODS Data were evaluated as part of the 2022 CERA survey of family medicine clerkship directors (CD). Participants answered questions about telemedicine curriculum in their clerkship, including whether it was required or optional, whether telemedicine competencies were assessed, the availability of faculty expertise, volume of visits, student autonomy in visits, CD's attitude about the importance of telemedicine education, and awareness of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine's (STFM) Telemedicine Curriculum. RESULTS Ninety-four of 159 CDs (59.1%) responded to the survey. Over one-third of FM clerkships (38, 41.3%) did not teach telemedicine and most CDs (59, 62.8%) did not assess competencies. The presence of telemedicine curriculum was positively associated with CDs' awareness of STFM's Telemedicine Curriculum (P=.032), attitude of CDs toward importance of telemedicine teaching (P=.007), higher level of learner autonomy in telemedicine visits (P=.035), and private medical schools (P=.020). CONCLUSIONS Almost two-thirds of clerkships (62.8%) did not assess telemedicine competencies, and fewer than one-third of CDs (28.6%) considered telemedicine education as important as other clerkship topics. CDs' attitudes were a significant determinant of whether teaching of telemedicine skills occurred. Awareness of telemedicine education resources and higher learner autonomy in telemedicine encounters may promote integration into clerkship curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Bajra
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA
| | - Steven Lin
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA
| | | | - Jumana Antoun
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon
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Murphy EM, Stein A, Pahwa A, McGuire M, Kumra T. Improvement of Medical Student Performance in Telemedicine Standardized Patient Encounters Following an Educational Intervention. Fam Med 2023; 55:400-404. [PMID: 37307392 PMCID: PMC10622078 DOI: 10.22454/fammed.2023.523442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Association of American Medical Colleges identifies telemedicine competence as an important skill for graduating medical students, but which educational methods are effective in improving student performance is unclear. We aimed to assess the impact of two educational interventions on student performance in telemedicine standardized patient encounters. METHODS Sixty second-year medical students participated in the telemedicine curriculum during their required longitudinal ambulatory clerkship. Students first completed a preintervention telemedicine standardized patient (SP) encounter in October 2020. They subsequently were assigned to two intervention groups (ie, a role-play intervention, N=30; a faculty demonstration, N=30) and completed a teaching case. In December 2020, they completed a postintervention telemedicine SP encounter. Each case was a unique clinical scenario. SPs scored the encounters across six domains based on a standardized performance checklist. We compared the median scores for these domains and the median total score pre- and postintervention (using Wilcoxon signed rank and rank-sum tests) and the difference in median score by intervention type. RESULTS Students scored highly in history-taking and communication performance but had low physical exam (PE) and assessment/plan scores. Postintervention, median scores in PE (ie, median score difference 2, interquartile ranges [IQR] 1-3.5, P<.001), assessment/plan (ie, median score difference 0.5, IQR 0-2, P=.005), and overall performance improved significantly (ie, median score difference 3, IQR 0-5, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Early medical students had low performance at baseline in telemedicine PE and assessment/plan skills, but both a role-play intervention and faculty demonstration led to significant increases in student performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Murphy
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD
| | - Ariella Stein
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD
| | - Amit Pahwa
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD
| | - Maura McGuire
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD
| | - Tina Kumra
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD
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Bajra R, Frazier W, Graves L, Jacobson K, Rodriguez A, Theobald M, Lin S. Feasibility and Acceptability of a US National Telemedicine Curriculum for Medical Students and Residents: Multi-institutional Cross-sectional Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 9:e43190. [PMID: 37155241 DOI: 10.2196/43190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telemedicine use increased as a response to health care delivery changes necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, lack of standardized curricular content creates gaps and inconsistencies in effectively integrating telemedicine training at both the undergraduate medical education and graduate medical education levels. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based national telemedicine curriculum developed by the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine for medical students and family medicine (FM) residents. Based on the Association of American Medical Colleges telehealth competencies, the asynchronous curriculum featured 5 self-paced modules; covered topics include evidence-based telehealth uses, best practices in communication and remote physical examinations, technology requirements and documentation, access and equity in telehealth delivery, and the promise and potential perils of emerging technologies. METHODS A total of 17 medical schools and 17 FM residency programs implemented the curriculum between September 1 and December 31, 2021. Participating sites represented 25 states in all 4 US census regions with balanced urban, suburban, and rural settings. A total of 1203 learners, including 844 (70%) medical students and 359 (30%) FM residents, participated. Outcomes were measured through self-reported 5-point Likert scale responses. RESULTS A total of 92% (1101/1203) of learners completed the entire curriculum. Across the modules, 78% (SD 3%) of participants agreed or strongly agreed that they gained new knowledge, skills, or attitudes that will help them in their training or career; 87% (SD 4%) reported that the information presented was at the right level for them; 80% (SD 2%) reported that the structure of the modules was effective; and 78% (SD 3%) agreed or strongly agreed that they were satisfied. Overall experience using the national telemedicine curriculum did not differ significantly between medical students and FM residents on binary analysis. No consistent statistically significant relationships were found between participants' responses and their institution's geographic region, setting, or previous experience with a telemedicine curriculum. CONCLUSIONS Both undergraduate medical education and graduate medical education learners, represented by diverse geographic regions and institutions, indicated that the curriculum was broadly acceptable and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Bajra
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Winfred Frazier
- St. Margaret Family Medicine Residency Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lisa Graves
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Jacobson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andres Rodriguez
- Division of Family and Community Medicine, Department of Humanities, Health, and Society, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mary Theobald
- Society of Teachers of Family Medicine, Leawood, KS, United States
| | - Steven Lin
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Lagera PGD, Chan SR, Yellowlees PM. Asynchronous Technologies in Mental Health Care and Education. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN PSYCHIATRY 2023; 10:1-13. [PMID: 37360962 PMCID: PMC10157570 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-023-00286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Patients, providers, and trainees should understand the current types of asynchronous technologies that can be used to enhance the delivery and accessibility of mental health care. Asynchronous telepsychiatry (ATP) removes the need for real time communication between the clinician and patient, which improves efficiency and enables quality specialty care. ATP can be applied as distinct consultative and supervisory models in clinician-to-clinician, clinician-to-patient, and patient-to-mobile health settings. Recent findings This review is based on research literature and the authors' clinical and medical training, using experiences with asynchronous telepsychiatry from before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our studies demonstrate that ATP provides positive outcomes in the clinician-to-patient model with demonstrated feasibility, outcomes and patient satisfaction. One author's medical education experience in the Philippines during COVID-19 highlights the potential to utilize asynchronous technology in areas with limitations to online learning. We emphasize the need to teach media skills literacy around mental health to students, coaches, therapists, and clinicians when advocating for mental well-being. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating asynchronous e-tools such as self-guided multimedia and artificial intelligence for data collection at the clinician-to-clinician and patient-to-mobile health level. In addition, we offer fresh perspectives on recent trends in asynchronous telehealth in wellness, applying concepts such as "tele-exercise" and "tele-yoga." Summary Asynchronous technologies continue to be integrated into mental health care services and research. Future research must ensure that the design and the usability of this technology puts the patient and provider first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Gail D. Lagera
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Clinical Informatics, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Steven R. Chan
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Clinical Informatics, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis, CA USA
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Findyartini A, Hanum C, Kusumoningrum DA, Putera AM, Werdhani RA, Safitry O, Muktiarti D, Soemarko DS, Wisnu W. Cultivating patient-centered care competence through a telemedicine-based course: An explorative study of undergraduate medical students' self-reflective writing. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1134496. [PMID: 37089501 PMCID: PMC10113656 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1134496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged adaptations of learning methods in clinical clerkship. There have been limited reports on the merits of involving medical students in telemedicine. This study, therefore, aims to investigate students' reflection on what they learned and identify the challenges and benefits of doctor-patient interaction through their experience in a telemedicine-based course. Methods A 4 week telemedicine-based course for medical students to participate in telemonitoring of COVID-19 patients undergoing self-isolation was conducted. This is a qualitative study using an interpretive phenomenology design to investigate students' self-reflection on their experiences in monitoring COVID-19 patients. Students were asked to reflect on their experience upon completion of the course through 750-1,000 words essays. A thematic analysis which considers units of meaning based on students' experiences was completed. Results Our study identified four main themes gathered from students' experiences related to the telemedicine-based course: communication and education, professionalism and professional identity formation, system-based practice, and patient-centered care. Conclusion The course was part of an integrative effort involving multiple parties to tackle the burden on the nation's healthcare system during the pandemic. Telemedicine is part of future medical practice which supports the medical curriculum adaptability along with attempts to develop future-proof medical doctors through various clinical learning experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardi Findyartini
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Medical Education Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Ardi Findyartini,
| | - Chaina Hanum
- Medical Education Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Anggraeni Kusumoningrum
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Medical Education Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Azis Muhammad Putera
- Clinical Clerkship - Undergraduate Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Asti Werdhani
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Oktavinda Safitry
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Studies, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dina Muktiarti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wismandari Wisnu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Shepherd L, McConnell A, Watling C. Good for patients but not learners? Exploring faculty and learner virtual care integration. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 56:1174-1183. [PMID: 35732194 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic catapulted the adoption of virtual care far ahead of its anticipated maturation date, forcing faculty to role model and teach learners with barely enough time to master it themselves. With a scant body of prepandemic literature now accompanied by experience gained under extraordinary circumstances, we can benefit from understanding ad hoc strategies implemented by those on the front lines and from listening to learners about what is working and what is not. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of learner integration into virtual care from both the faculty and learner perspectives. METHODS Using a constructivist grounded theory methodology and sociomateriality as a sensitising concept, we recruited participants using purposeful and theoretical sampling from a Canadian University with limited prepandemic virtual care provision. We interviewed 16 faculty and 5 learners spanning a breadth of specialties and years of practice/education to probe their experience of teaching and learning virtual care. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively with themes identified through constant comparative analysis. RESULTS Integrating learners into virtual care proved challenging initially because of a lack of familiarity with the process and later because of disrupted workflow, triggered by the structure and logistics of the virtual care clinic. Both faculty and learners identified learning deficiencies in the virtual care experience when compared with in-person clinics, but several unique and valuable learning affordances were noted. All faculty expressed a desire to keep virtual care as part of their future clinic practice, but paradoxically most felt that they were unlikely to include learners. CONCLUSIONS Training learners in virtual care is an educational challenge that will not disappear with COVID-19, even if our participants wished it could. The perceived value for patients but not learners begs a reconsideration of the sociomaterial contribution to this pandemic paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Shepherd
- Centre for Education Research & Innovation, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison McConnell
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Watling
- Department of Oncology and Centre for Education Research & Innovation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Rahayu GR, Utomo PS, Riskiyana R, Hidayah RN. Opportunity Amid Crisis in Medical Education: Teaching During the Pandemic of COVID-19. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2493-2502. [PMID: 36345356 PMCID: PMC9636863 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s379140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pandemic of COVID-19 had reinforced adaptations in medical education. It was challenging, especially for developing countries where resources were scarce. This study examined the implementation of teaching and learning adaptation during the pandemic in a low-resource country as perceived by teachers. We also present the opportunities that arise from the adaptation process. Participants and Methods The participants of this study (n=24) were teachers in an undergraduate medical program. This study employed a qualitative approach using focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect the teachers' perceptions. Thematic analysis was performed to analyse the data. Results Teachers' perceptions were categorized into 19 subthemes and were accentuated into four general themes; learning facilitation, assessment during the pandemic, learning resources, and competence achievement. We discovered both challenges as well as opportunities in each theme due to the shifting of learning from offline to online learning. Flexibility and innovation were regarded as the most important opportunities and were perceived to hold potential for medical education in the future. Knowledge acquisition was most benefited from this adaptation. Facilitating skill acquisition and burnout were the major challenges. Conclusion Despite the challenges, including burnout, skills acquisition, and risk in academic integrity, innovations in medical education were strengthened during the pandemic of COVID-19. They also provided a positive influence regarding achievement in the cognitive aspect. Faculty development programs need to be encouraged to improve teachers' capacity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandes Retno Rahayu
- Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Prattama Santoso Utomo
- Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rilani Riskiyana
- Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Correspondence: Rilani Riskiyana, Radioputro Building 6th Floor, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia, Tel +62274562139, Email
| | - Rachmadya Nur Hidayah
- Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Cartledge S, Ward D, Stack R, Terry E. Adaptations in clinical examinations of medical students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:607. [PMID: 35932046 PMCID: PMC9356416 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical examinations (assessments) are integral to ensuring that medical students can treat patients safely and effectively. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted traditional formats of clinical examinations. This prompted Medical Schools to adapt their approaches to conducting these examinations to make them suitable for delivery in the pandemic. This systematic review aims to identify the approaches that Medical Schools, internationally, adopted in adapting their clinical examinations of medical students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Three databases and four key medical education journals were systematically searched up to 22 October 2021; a grey literature search was also undertaken. Two reviewers independently screened at title, abstract stage and full text stage against predefined eligibility criteria. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion and involvement of senior authors. Risk of bias assessment was performed using an adapted version of a pre-existing risk of bias assessment tool for medical education developments. Results were summarised in a narrative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 36 studies were included, which documented the approaches of 48 Medical Schools in 17 countries. Approaches were categorised into in-person clinical examinations (22 studies) or online clinical examinations (14 studies). Authors of studies reporting in-person clinical examinations described deploying enhanced infection control measures along with modified patient participation. Authors of studies reporting online clinical examinations described using online software to create online examination circuits. All authors reported that adapted examinations were feasible, scores were comparable to previous years' student cohorts, and participant feedback was positive. Risk of bias assessment highlighted heterogeneity in reporting of the clinical examinations. CONCLUSIONS This review identified two broad approaches to adapting clinical examinations in the pandemic: in-person and online. Authors reported it was feasible to conduct clinical examinations in the pandemic where medical educators are given sufficient time and resources to carefully plan and introduce suitable adaptations. However, the risk of bias assessment identified few studies with high reporting quality, which highlights the need for a common framework for reporting of medical education developments to enhance reproducibility across wider contexts. Our review provides medical educators with the opportunity to reflect on past practises and facilitate the design and planning of future examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek Ward
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Emily Terry
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Shew T, Smith C, Connolly G, McLachlan CS. Evaluation of home-based naturopathic telehealth clinic: an innovative COVID-19 pandemic response. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:269. [PMID: 35915505 PMCID: PMC9342589 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic in Australia disrupted usual clinical training placements for naturopathic students. An innovative, remote Telehealth clinic was developed and implemented. This pilot study evaluates student and educator learning and teaching experiences in Telehealth. A survey assessed Likert and qualitative written responses to student and staff interaction with the Telehealth clinic. RESULTS Nine student and 12 educator responses were included in the analysis. All students positively rated Telehealth training resources and the educator support provided. Students rated the Telehealth learning experience as 'very good' (78%) or 'good' (22%) with educator ratings of 'very good' (67%) or 'good' (33%). Thematic analysis of student written responses showed increased client diversity, collaboration, peer learning, increased feedback, and improved digital and technology skills. Virtual physical examination and infrastructure limitations were reported as Telehealth clinical practicum challenges. Naturopathic Telehealth clinic practicum is a valuable alternative to in-person clinical practicums for Australian students. It enhances student collaboration and peer learning. Challenges of technology, infrastructure and incorporating Telehealth in curriculum may be barriers to implementation of Telehealth. However, Telehealth is an important clinical training option to prepare student practitioners for contemporary professional practice if in-person consultation is prohibitive, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracelee Shew
- Health, Torrens University Australia, 17-51 Foveaux St, Surry Hills, Sydney, 2010, Australia.
| | - Catherine Smith
- Health, Torrens University Australia, 17-51 Foveaux St, Surry Hills, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Greg Connolly
- Health, Torrens University Australia, 196 Flinders St, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Centre for Healthy Futures, Torrens University Australia, 17-51 Foveaux St, Surry Hills, Sydney, 2010, Australia
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Canfield J, Truong V, Bereznicka A, Lunze K. Evaluation of an experiential clinical learning option during pandemic teaching suspensions. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:471. [PMID: 35715779 PMCID: PMC9205138 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As students' direct patient contact was suspended because of COVID-19-related restrictions, we revised our clinical addiction medicine curriculum for students to learn about the different multidisciplinary clinical models delivered at our hospital and in community settings. Our aim was to provide an overview of clinical modalities and familiarize learners with clinician and patient experiential perspectives. METHODS We implemented a multi-pronged approach, offering an overview of clinical care programs through remote panels involving care providers at the clinics where students had previously been scheduled for in-person rotations. This included inpatient and office-based addiction services, addiction treatment program for adolescents and young adults, integrated addiction care and HIV primary care clinic, and opioid use urgent care clinic. Beyond having them join outpatient telehealth clinic visits, students also participated in an online panel involving patients in recovery to gain familiarity with their care perspectives; and joined a panel with recovery coaches to get further insights into patient challenges in clinical settings. Students further participated in remote opioid treatment trainings and observed clinical rounds of inpatient addiction consults and adolescent clinic team meetings. RESULTS With this revised curriculum, students learned about the variety of clinical modalities at the height of our hospital's COVID-19 pandemic burden. The evaluation suggested that students appreciated the authenticity of accounts from patients and providers about their challenges and satisfaction related to clinical care. While in a remote learning setting, students overall wished for more personal interaction with patients and providers. They also noted a lack of group cohesion and connection that they felt would otherwise have been met in an in-person program. CONCLUSIONS Remote learning allowed our program to connect trainees to the multidisciplinary field of addiction medicine despite the COVID-19 pandemic. In future program iterations, we will consider hybrid formats of in-person learning experiences with direct patient and faculty contact where possible, combined with online provider and patient panels possibly, in addition to virtual breakout formats to facilitate more personal student-patient and student-faculty interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Canfield
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 2045, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Ve Truong
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 2045, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Agata Bereznicka
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 2045, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Karsten Lunze
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 2045, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Chan E, Khong ML, Torda A, Tanner JA, Velan GM, Wong GTC. Medical teachers' experience of emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-institutional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:303. [PMID: 35449047 PMCID: PMC9021818 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent social distancing measures caused unprecedented disruption for medical and healthcare education. This study examined medical teachers' experience with emergency remote teaching during the pandemic and their acceptance of online teaching after the pandemic. METHODS In this sequential mixed methods study, online surveys were disseminated to teachers (n = 139) at two Asia-Pacific medical schools to evaluate their experience with emergency remote teaching during the pandemic. Subsequently, in-depth interviews were conducted with teachers from both institutions (n = 13). Each interviewee was classified into an adopter category based on Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically, and the descriptive themes were mapped to broader themes partly based on the Technology Acceptance Model and these included: (i) perceived usefulness of online teaching, (ii) perceived ease of delivering online teaching, (iii) experience with institutional support and (iv) acceptance of online teaching after the pandemic. RESULTS Our participants described accounts of successes with their emergency remote teaching and difficulties they experienced. In general, most participants found it difficult to deliver clinical skills teaching remotely and manage large groups of students in synchronous online classes. With regards to institutional support, teachers with lower technological literacy required just-in-time technical support, while teachers who were innovative in their online teaching practices found that IT support alone could not fully address their needs. It was also found that teachers' acceptance of online teaching after the pandemic was influenced by their belief about the usefulness of online teaching. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that our participants managed to adapt to emergency remote teaching during this pandemic, and it also identified a myriad of drivers and blockers to online teaching adoption for medical teachers. It highlights the need for institutes to better support their teaching staff with diverse needs in their online teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Chan
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mei Li Khong
- School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adrienne Torda
- Office of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gary M Velan
- Office of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gordon T C Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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de Carvalho Filho MA, Hafferty FW, Pawlina W. Anatomy 3.0: Rediscovering Theatrum Anatomicum in the wake of Covid-19. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2021; 14:528-535. [PMID: 34363339 PMCID: PMC9135058 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has challenged medical educators internationally to confront the challenges of adapting their present educational activities to a rapidly evolving digital world. In this article, the authors use anatomy education as proxy to reflect on and remap the past, present, and future of medical education in the face of these disruptions. Inspired by the historical Theatrum Anatomicum (Anatomy 1.0), the authors argue replacing current anatomy dissection laboratory (Anatomy 2.0) with a prototype anatomy studio (Anatomy 3.0). In this studio, anatomists are web-performers who not only collaborate with other foundational science educators to devise meaningful and interactive content but who also partner with actors, directors, web-designers, computer engineers, information technologists, and visual artists to master online interactions and processes in order to optimize students' engagement and learning. This anatomy studio also offers students opportunities to create their own online content and thus reposition themselves digitally, a step into developing a new competency of stage presence within medical education. So restructured, Anatomy 3.0 will prepare students with the skills to navigate an emergent era of tele and digital medicine as well as help to foreshadow forthcoming changes in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio de Carvalho Filho
- Life and Health Sciences Research InstituteSchool of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- Center for Education Development and Research in Health Professions (CEDAR)Lifelong Learning, Education and Assessment Research Network (LEARN)University Medical Centre GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Frederic W. Hafferty
- Division of General Internal MedicineDepartment of MedicineMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Program in Professionalism and ValuesMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Wojciech Pawlina
- Department of Clinical AnatomyMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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