1
|
Lin TPH, Sen M, Gupta V, Agrawal R, Lanzetta P, Giannaccare G, Chan CKM, Agrawal K, Menia NK, Rojas-Carabali W, Arora A, Martinuzzi D, Taloni A, Rubinato L, Coco G, Sarao V, Veritti D, Chen L, Honavar SG, Lam DSC. Update on coronavirus disease 2019: Ophthalmic Manifestations and Adverse Reactions to Vaccination. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:512-536. [PMID: 38117598 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was one of the most devastating public health issues in recent decades. The ophthalmology community is as concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic as the global public health community is, as COVID-19 was recognized to affect multiple organs in the human body, including the eyes, early in the course of the outbreak. Ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 are highly variable and could range from mild ocular surface abnormalities to potentially sight and life-threatening orbital and neuro-ophthalmic diseases. Furthermore, ophthalmic manifestations may also be the presenting or the only findings in COVID-19 infections. Meanwhile, global vaccination campaigns to attain herd immunity in different populations are the major strategy to mitigate the pandemic. As novel vaccinations against COVID-19 emerged, so were reports on adverse ophthalmic reactions potentially related to such. As the world enters a post-pandemic state where COVID-19 continues to exist and evolve as an endemic globally, the ophthalmology community ought to be aware of and keep abreast of the latest knowledge of ophthalmic associations with COVID-19 and its vaccinations. This review is a summary of the latest literature on the ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 and the adverse ophthalmic reactions related to its vaccinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mrittika Sen
- Ocular Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Raghunath Netralaya, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paolo Lanzetta
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Istituto Europeo di Microchirurgia Oculare, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carmen K M Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kajal Agrawal
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Nitin Kumar Menia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - William Rojas-Carabali
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Atul Arora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Andrea Taloni
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Rubinato
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Coco
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sarao
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Istituto Europeo di Microchirurgia Oculare, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Veritti
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lizhen Chen
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Santosh G Honavar
- Ocular Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Centre for Sight Eye Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dennis S C Lam
- The International Eye Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- The C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salvetat ML, Musa M, Pellegrini F, Salati C, Spadea L, Zeppieri M. Considerations of COVID-19 in Ophthalmology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2220. [PMID: 37764064 PMCID: PMC10538084 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in early 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 infection has had a significant impact on the entire eye care system. Ophthalmologists have been categorized as a high-risk group for contracting the virus due to the belief that the eye may be a site of inoculation and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a result, clinical ophthalmologists, optometrists, and eyecare professionals have had to familiarize themselves with the ocular manifestations of COVID-19, as well as its treatments and vaccines. The implementation of measures to prevent the transmission of the virus, such as restrictions, lockdowns, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence (AI), have led to substantial and potentially irreversible changes in routine clinical practice, education, and research. This has resulted in the emergence of a new mode of managing patients in a routine clinical setting. This brief review aims to provide an overview of various aspects of COVID-19 in ophthalmology, including the ocular manifestations related to the disease, the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, precautions taken in ophthalmic practice to prevent the spread of the virus, drugs, and vaccines used in the treatment of COVID-19, the impact of the pandemic on patients, clinicians, and the eye care system as a whole, and the future of ophthalmology conditioned by this global pandemic experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Salvetat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, 33170 Pordenone, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, 33170 Pordenone, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khan MA, Ashraf G, Ashraf H, Francis IC, Wilcsek G. Efficacy of patient-sided breath shields for slit-lamp examination. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 58:369-374. [PMID: 35231395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of patient-sided breath shields in preventing oronasal droplet transmission during slit-lamp examination. DESIGN Experimental study testing the efficacy of patient-sided breath shields on a slit lamp. METHODS Two commercially available patient-sided breath shields and a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed shield designed by the authors were attached to a slit-lamp chin rest for testing. Each shield was exposed to 3 standardized sprays of coloured dye from a spray gun with its nozzle adjusted to simulate the angular dispersion of a human sneeze. Any overspray not blocked by the shields was recorded and compared with spray with no shield (control). Image-processing software was used to ascertain the surface area of overspray not blocked by the tested shield compared with the control of no shield. RESULTS With typical use, both commercially available patient-sided shields and the 3D-printed shield blocked 100% of forward-travelling measurable droplets from a simulated sneeze spray. Even when set to the furthest distance setting to simulate the worst-case scenario, shield 1 and the 3D-printed shield blocked 99.96% and 99.65% of overspray, respectively. However, slow-motion footage did reveal that a considerable amount of spray rebounded off the shields and extended peripherally past its borders. CONCLUSIONS With typical use, all tested shields prevented 100% of oronasal transmission. To encourage accessibility, the authors offer a free 3D model and instructions for creating the tested patient-sided breath shield. Patient-sided shields should be combined with other infection-control measures to minimize transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian Caithness Francis
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Geoff Wilcsek
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Newsom R, Pattison C, Lundgren A, Robison P, Quint M, Amara A. Comparison of breath-guards and face-masks on droplet spread in eye clinics. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2135-2138. [PMID: 36460859 PMCID: PMC9734341 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has impacted ophthalmic care delivery, with many units closed and several ophthalmologists catching COVID-19. Understanding droplet spread in clinical and training settings is paramount in maintaining productivity, while keeping patients and practitioners safe. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a breath-guard and a face mask in reducing droplet spread within an eye clinic. METHODS We performed a randomised trial of droplet spread using a fluorescein-based cough model to assess the efficacy of a 'breath-guard' and 'face-mask' to prevent the spread of droplets. The 'cough' spray was collected on calibrated paper targets. The sheets were photographed under blue light, with an orange filter on the camera; the position and size of the spots was measured with software originally developed for astronomy. We performed 44 randomised coughs; 22 controls with no breath-guard or face-mask, 11 using breath-guard only and 11 with combined breath-guard and face-mask. We compared both the number of droplets detected and the area of drops on paper targets. RESULTS The average number of droplets in the controls was 19,430 (SE 2691), the breath-guard group 80 (SE 19) droplets (P < 0.001); in the combined In the group the count was 5 (SE 2), a significant drop from shield only (P = 0.008). The mean areas of each target covered by spots for each group were 5.7 ± 0.857% (95% CI), 0.004 ± 0.000104% (95% CI) and 0.001 ± 0.0000627% (95% CI) respectively. CONCLUSION These results show that the breath-guard alone reduced the droplet count by 99.93%. Combining the breath-guard with a face-mask reduced the droplet count by over 99.98%. Breath-guards are widely used in clinics and this trial demonstrates that breath-guards with face-masks effectively block droplet spray.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Newsom
- School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
| | - Chris Pattison
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Andrew Lundgren
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Pauline Robison
- Department of Optometry, University of Portsmouth, Vision Science, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Matthew Quint
- Gravitational Wave Physics, Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Portsmouth Hospitals University Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Adam Amara
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hendarto S, Doewes RI, Purnama SK, Nuryadin I, Manshuralhudlori M. The effects of aerator masks and medical masks on oxygen saturation (SO2) on mentally retarded athletes. J Public Health Afr 2022. [PMID: 37497144 PMCID: PMC10367026 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2022.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study purpose was investigated the effect of aerator masks on the oxygen saturation (SO2) of mentally retarded athletes compared to medical masks. The researcher used a comparative study. Parametric test was used to test the difference in SO2 percent and evaluate the questionnaire in the two groups. The results showed after undergoing exercise, SO2 percent in participants was 94.60±0.55 for aerator masks and 96.60±0.55 for medical masks. The study also showed that there was no significant difference in SO2 percent of participants wearing aerator masks and medical masks. However, the decrease in oxygen saturation percent of participants wearing aerator masks experienced a lower decrease, 1.60±0.55 compared to medical masks of 2.00±1.00. On the other hand, wearing an aerator mask is better because it does not prevent maximum performance, better comfort, the mask material feels better on the skin, does not experience difficulties breathable, and suitable for exercise. An aerator mask is a mask with an adequate supply of oxygen so that every breath is maintained even when used during sports activities.
Collapse
|
6
|
A Review of the Fabrication Methods, Testing, and Performance of Face Masks. INT J POLYM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement in the performance and compatibility of face masks has remained the focus of researchers in recent years, especially after the emergence of the COVID pandemic. Although a lot of progress in the design, tolerability, and comfort of the mask has been reported, there are certain limitations, requiring further improvement. The present review aims to highlight the filtration efficacy, comfort, and associated characteristic of various types of face masks and respirators as a function of their design and structure. In addition, the air pollutants, their adverse effects on health, certified respirators, and face masks are also discussed. The present review also provides an insight into different types of commercially available face masks in terms of their materials, filtration efficiency, and limitations. The role of emerging trends (such as nanotechnology and high-performance polymers) in the improvement and development of face masks and respirators is also discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liang H, Zhang M, Chen M, Lin TPH, Lai M, Chen H. Ocular Trauma During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:481-487. [PMID: 36094376 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to summarize the latest literature on the trends and incidence of ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to identify the relevant literature. The search period was between January 1, 2020, and September 20, 2021. The incidence of overall and various types of ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic and the control period was analyzed. The data from different studies were pooled. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 32 articles were included. After pooling the data from all included studies, the incidence of total and pediatric ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic was 67.7% and 54.3% of those in the control period, respectively. However, the proportion of ocular trauma in eye emergency visits increased during the pandemic (OR, 95% CI: 1.46, 1.04-2.06). The proportion of domestic ocular trauma increased (OR, 95% CI: 3.42, 1.01-11.62), while ocular trauma related to sports and outdoor activities and occupational ocular trauma decreased (OR, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.09-4.29 and 0.18, 0.10-0.33, respectively). It was also reported that chemical injury caused by alcohol-based sanitizers, photokeratitis caused by ultraviolet lamps, and mechanical eye injury caused by masks increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS There was a reduction in overall eye injuries and substantial differences in the spectrum of ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proper health education and supervision should be strengthened to prevent ocular injuries related to COVID-19 preventive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Man Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Timothy P H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingying Lai
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Optometry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wan KH, Jonas JB. Impact of Digital Technology on Eye Diseases During COVID-19. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:401-402. [PMID: 36102638 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin H Wan
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Khaled T, Acaba-Berrocal L, Cole E, Ting DSW, Chiang MF, Chan RVP. Digital Education in Ophthalmology. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:267-272. [PMID: 34966034 PMCID: PMC9240107 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Accessibility to the Internet and computer systems has prompted the gravitation towards digital learning in medicine, including ophthalmology. Using the PubMed database and Google search engine, current initiatives in ophthalmology that serve as alternatives to traditional in-person learning with the purpose of enhancing clinical and surgical training were reviewed. This includes the development of teleeducation modules, construction of libraries of clinical and surgical videos, conduction of didactics via video communication, and the implementation of simulators and intelligent tutoring systems into clinical and surgical training programs. In this age of digital communication, teleophthalmology programs, virtual ophthalmological society meetings, and online examinations have become necessary for conducting clinical work and educational training in ophthalmology, especially in light of recent global events that have prevented large gatherings as well as the rural location of various populations. Looking forward, web-based modules and resources, artificial intelligence-based systems, and telemedicine programs will augment current curricula for ophthalmology trainees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tala Al-Khaled
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Luis Acaba-Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Emily Cole
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Daniel S W Ting
- Singapore Eye Research institute, Singapore National Eye centre, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael F Chiang
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, US
| | - R V Paul Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu S, Tian H, Zhang S, Wang D, Gong G, Yue W, Liu K, Hong S, Wang R, Yuan Q, Lu Y, Wang D, Zhang L, Chen J. Fabrication of a High-Performance and Reusable Planar Face Mask in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 9:101-110. [PMID: 34745685 PMCID: PMC8563499 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a surge in demand for face masks, with the massive consumption of masks leading to an increase in resource-related and environmental concerns. In this work, we fabricated meltblown polypropylene (mb-PP)-based high-performance planar face masks and investigated the effects of six commonly used disinfection methods and various mask-wearing periods on the reusability of these masks. The results show that, after three cycles of treatment using hot water at 70 °C for 30 min, which is one of the most scalable, user-friendly methods for viral disinfection, the particle filtration efficiency (PFE) of the mask remained almost unchanged. After mask wearing for 24 h and subsequent disinfection using the same treatment procedures, the PFE decreased to 91.3%; the average number of bacterial and fungal colonies was assessed to be 9.2 and 51.6 colony-forming units per gram (CFU∙g- 1), respectively; and coliform and pyogenic bacteria were not detected. Both the PFE and the microbial indicators are well above the standard for reusable masks after disinfection. Schlieren photography was then used to assess the capabilities of used and disinfected masks during use; it showed that the masks exhibit a high performance in suppressing the spread of breathed air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongchi Tian
- Dawn Polymer (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101599, China
| | - Shijia Zhang
- Dawn Polymer (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101599, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guozhuo Gong
- Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Beijing Institute of Medical Device Testing, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Keyang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Medical Device Testing, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Song Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roque Mazoni S, Andrade J, da Silva Antonio P, Baraldi S, Frates Cauduro FL, Fernandes dos Santos PH, Ribeiro de Sousa P, Moura Pinho DL. Triage Strategies for COVID-19 Cases: A Scope Review. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221095824. [PMID: 35549576 PMCID: PMC9109280 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221095824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the midst of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), researchers and governmental and non-governmental institutions are mobilizing to implement strategies to face cases of COVID-19. Aim: This study aimed to map the triage strategies for cases of COVID-19, with the purpose of identifying sources in the literature that make it possible to explore the understanding of the strategies in different contexts. A scope review was conducted with searches in the CINAHL Database, PubMed, LILACS and hand-search, considering studies carried out with users of health services and documents published by governmental and non-governmental institutions, between the years 2019 and 2020, resulting in 40 articles for full reading. To explore the key concept, thematic analysis was carried out at two levels: (1) triage strategies, (2) forms and experiences of triage. Five triage strategies were mapped: health services triage; digital triage by remote use of technologies; community triage; home visit triage and airport and port triage. The forms and experiences of mapped triages involved risk classification, diagnosis and definition of conducts or combined. The use of strategies with remote technological resources stands out, as well as the adaptation of existing scales with simple algorithms as a tendency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Roque Mazoni
- University of Brasilia, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juliane Andrade
- University of Brasilia, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Solange Baraldi
- University of Brasilia, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pablo Ribeiro de Sousa
- University of Brasilia, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Brasília, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin TP, Ko CN, Zheng K, Lai KH, Wong RL, Lee A, Zhang S, Huang SS, Wan KH, Lam DS. COVID-19: Update on Its Ocular Involvements, and Complications From Its Treatments and Vaccinations. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:521-529. [PMID: 34839344 PMCID: PMC8673850 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) came under the attention of the international medical community when China first notified the World Health Organization of a pneumonia outbreak of then-unknown etiology in Wuhan in December 2019. Since then, COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has appalled the world by spreading at a pandemic speed. Although ophthalmologists do not directly engage in the clinical care of COVID-19 patients, the ophthalmology community has become aware of the close ties between its practice and the pandemic. Not only are ophthalmologists at heightened risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure due to their physical proximity with patients in routine ophthalmic examinations, but SARS-CoV-2 possesses ocular tropism resulting in ocular complications beyond the respiratory tract after viral exposure. Furthermore, patients could potentially suffer from adverse ocular effects in the therapeutic process. This review summarized the latest literature to cover the ophthalmic manifestations, effects of treatments, and vaccinations on the eye to aid the frontline clinicians in providing effective ophthalmic care to COVID-19 patients as the pandemic continues to evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P.H. Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ke Zheng
- C-MER (Beijing) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kenny H.W. Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond L.M. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
| | - Allie Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Suber S. Huang
- Retina Center of Ohio, Cleveland, OH, US
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, US
| | - Kelvin H. Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dennis S.C. Lam
- C-MER International Eye Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu L, Xu G. Potential Protective Role of TRPM7 and Involvement of PKC/ERK Pathway in Blue Light-Induced Apoptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells in Vitro. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:572-578. [PMID: 34789674 PMCID: PMC8673846 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Blue light triggers apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and causes retinal damage. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective role of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) in photodamaged RPE cells. METHODS RPE cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and exposed to varying intensities of blue light (500-5000 lux) in vitro. Cell proliferation and metabolic activity were respectively assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to analyze the TRPM7, protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Bcl2-associated x/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels. The cells were transfected with TRPM7 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or transduced with TRPM7-overexpressing lentiviruses and cultured with or without the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). RESULTS Blue light inhibited the proliferation and metabolic activity of RPE cells in an intensity-dependent manner when compared to nonirradiated controls (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, photodamaged RPE cells showed decreased levels of TRPM7, PKC, ERK, and Bax, and an increase in Bcl-2 levels (P < 0.01). Forced expression of TRPM7 partially rescued the proliferative capacity of RPE cells (P < 0.01) and restored the levels of TRPM7, PKC, ERK, and Bax (P < 0.01), whereas TRPM7 knockdown had the opposite effects (P < 0.01). TRPM7 and PEDF synergistically alleviated the damaging effects of blue light. CONCLUSIONS Blue light triggers apoptosis of RPE cells, and its deleterious effects can be partially attenuated by the synergistic action of TRPM7 and PEDF via the PKC/ERK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou City 350005, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Radke N, Ruamviboonsuk P, Tham CCY, Jonas JB, Lam DSC. Ophthalmology and COVID-19: Long-term Surveillance Needed. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:519-520. [PMID: 34905517 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Radke
- C-MER International Eye Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Paisan Ruamviboonsuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Clement C Y Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karis-University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dennis S C Lam
- C-MER International Eye Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pérez-Peralta L, Sauceda-Valenzuela AL, La Parra DRD, Suarez-Ajoleza AA, Beauregard-Escobar AM, Torres-Dominguez JA. Systematic review: SARS-COV-2 contagion prevention measures in vision health professionals. Oman J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:136-143. [PMID: 34880572 PMCID: PMC8597808 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_134_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease, which originated from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is primarily transmitted by direct contact with infected individuals. Visual healthcare professionals perform clinical practices that pose a significant risk of infection due to their proximity with patients during the examination. This systematic review aims to identify preventive measures that will aid in reducing the risk of infection during standard appointments between patients and visual health professionals. A systematic review was done for articles published in indexed journals from December 2019 to December 2020. The search for these articles was done in 3 electronic databases. As part of the search criteria, articles were selected if they had the keywords (SARS-CoV-2), (COVID-19), and coronavirus combined with ophthalmology, optometry, eye care, and the eye. Once duplicated and unrelated items were eliminated, 36 articles of interest were selected. Seven sections were described in detail: telephone screening, (COVID-19) triage, decreasing transmission within shared spaces, hand washing, use of personal protective equipment Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), cleaning of diagnostic instruments, and use of telemedicine. This paper helps healthcare professionals to better understand the context of the "new normal" clinical practice. Visual health professionals and their patients must adhere to norms and use the indicated PPE during the consultation to safeguard each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Pérez-Peralta
- Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
- CAIPaDi, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David Rivera-de La Parra
- Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
- CAIPaDi, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tan TE, Chodosh J, McLeod SD, Parke DW, Yeh S, Wong TY, Ting DSW. Global Trends in Ophthalmic Practices in Response to COVID-19. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:1505-1515. [PMID: 34412877 PMCID: PMC8367739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
|
17
|
Anguita R, Brennan N, Ramsden CM, Mehat M, Keegan D, Cahill R, Nolan K, O'Toole L, Wickham L. Patient generated aerosol in the context of ophthalmic surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2445-2451. [PMID: 34392739 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211037823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the patterns of patient generated aerosol in the context of ophthalmic surgery and ophthalmic examinations. To inform medical teams regarding potential hazards and suggest mitigating measures. METHODS Qualitatively, real-time time videography assessed exhalation patterns from simulated patients under different clinical scenarios using propylene glycol from an e-cigarette. Quantitatively, high-speed Schlieren imaging was performed to enable high resolution recordings analysable by MATLAB technical computing software. RESULTS Without a face mask, the standard prior to COVID 19, vapour was observed exiting through the opening in the drape over the surgical field. The amount of vapour increased when a surgical mask was worn. With a taped face mask, the amount of vapour decreased and with inclusion of a continuous suction device, the least amount of vapour was seen. These results were equivocal when the patient was supine or sitting upright. High-speed Schlieren imaging corroborated these findings and in addition showed substantial increase in airflow egress during coughing and with ill-fitting face masks. CONCLUSION Advising patients to wear a surgical mask at the time of ophthalmic interventions potentially contaminants the ocular field with patient generated aerosol risking endophthalmitis. Surgeon safety can be maintained with personal protective equipment to mitigate the increased egress of vapour from the surgical drape and taping, with or without suction is advisable, whilst meticulous hygiene around lenses is required at the time of slit lamp examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manjit Mehat
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Keegan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan Cahill
- UCD Centre for Precision Surgery, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Nolan
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise O'Toole
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louisa Wickham
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhengkai N, Yajing S. COVID-19 Patient Psychological Pain Factors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:649895. [PMID: 34093337 PMCID: PMC8173037 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of psychological pain in patients with COVID-19 was investigated in this study by hypothesis testing, one-way ANOVA, multi factor ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The psychological pain thermometer and post-traumatic growth assessment scale were used as research tools. Many factors appear to influence the psychological state of COVID-19 patients including practical problems, communication problems, emotional problems, physical problems, and psychiatric/relative concerns. The severity of the disease, the surrounding environment, family health problems, life perceptions, interpersonal relationships, personal strength, mental changes, new possibilities, and the total post-traumatic growth score are also affected. There is a significant negative correlation between psychological pain and post-traumatic growth. There are significant differences in the degree of psychological pain across the demographic data. Practical problems, communication problems, emotional problems, physical problems, and spiritual/religious concerns show significant effects on the degree of psychological pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niu Zhengkai
- Institute of Analytical Psychology, City University of Macao, Macao, China
| | - Shen Yajing
- Institute of Analytical Psychology, City University of Macao, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Venkatesh A, Patel R, Goyal S, Rajaratnam T, Sharma A, Hossain P. Ocular manifestations of emerging viral diseases. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35:1117-1139. [PMID: 33514902 PMCID: PMC7844788 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are an increasing threat to public health on a global scale. In recent times, the most prominent outbreaks have constituted RNA viruses, spreading via droplets (COVID-19 and Influenza A H1N1), directly between humans (Ebola and Marburg), via arthropod vectors (Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Crimean Congo) and zoonotically (Lassa fever, Nipah, Rift Valley fever, Hantaviruses). However, specific approved antiviral therapies and vaccine availability are scarce, and public health measures remain critical. Patients can present with a spectrum of ocular manifestations. Emerging infectious diseases should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions in patients inhabiting or returning from endemic territories, and more general vigilance is advisable in the context of a global pandemic. Eye specialists are in a position to facilitate swift diagnosis, improve clinical outcomes, and contribute to wider public health efforts during outbreaks. This article reviews those emerging viral diseases associated with reports of ocular manifestations and summarizes details pertinent to practicing eye specialists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Venkatesh
- grid.5335.00000000121885934School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ravi Patel
- grid.439257.e0000 0000 8726 5837Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simran Goyal
- grid.5335.00000000121885934School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Rajaratnam
- grid.5335.00000000121885934School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anant Sharma
- grid.439257.e0000 0000 8726 5837Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Parwez Hossain
- grid.430506.4Eye Unit, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK ,grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Univeristy of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tzamalis A, Karafotaki K, Karipidi K, Diafas A, Mataftsi A, Tsinopoulos I, Ziakas N. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on cataract surgery: a surgeons' perspective. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 104:705-710. [PMID: 33689644 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1880866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the last months, the whole world is dealing with an unprecedented public health crisis due to COVID-19 outbreak. Consequently, many governments have implemented lockdowns on a national level, affecting, among others, ophthalmic surgical practice in a globe scale. BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of surgical theatre lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on the surgical performance of cataract surgeons. METHODS Intraoperative complications and surgical time of the first 160 cataract surgeries performed by eight consultants (20 cases each) after a two-month lockdown were recorded and analysed in a cross-sectional study. The results were plotted against the last 30 cases of each surgeon before the implementation of the lockdown (240 cases). Cataract surgeons were asked to rate their subjective perspective and difficulties faced after re-opening through a questionnaire. RESULTS The average duration of all surgeries after the lockdown was 19.1 ± 6.2 minutes showing a 14% increase compared to the one before the lockdown (16.8 ± 5.1 minutes, p = 0.0001). The complications rate was 2.09% (5/240 cases) before the abstention and 3.12% (5/160 cases) after the abstention not yielding any statistically significant difference (p = 0.74). When complicated surgeries were excluded from the analysis, surgical time was still higher after the lockdown (18.9 ± 5.9 minutes) than before (16.6 ± 5.0 minutes, p < 0.0001). 37.5% of consultants (3/8) stated that the two-month abstention from cataract surgeries has affected their surgical skills somewhat or a lot, while 62.5% (5/8) reported being more careful in their first cases after the lockdown. Most complications occurred in the hands of one surgeon who stated to be very anxious upon restart. CONCLUSION The operating theatres' lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic did not seem to affect the intraoperative complications rate in cataract surgery. A slight increase of surgical duration was noted, while most surgeons reported being more careful upon restart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Tzamalis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Karafotaki
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karipidi
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asterios Diafas
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Asimina Mataftsi
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsinopoulos
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Ziakas
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wan KH, Huang SS, Lam DSC. Conjunctival Findings in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 139:254-255. [PMID: 33355650 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin H Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Dennis S C Lam
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Parikh A, Kondapalli S. FACE COVERING ADHERENCE IN AN OUTPATIENT OPHTHALMOLOGY CLINIC DURING COVID-19. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020; 28:365-368. [PMID: 33369522 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2020.1866022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this report is to examine the proper use of face coverings by patients entering one of several outpatient ophthalmology clinics during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) global pandemic.Methods: Proper face-covering use was documented for all patients entering thirteen different outpatient ophthalmology clinics in Western Pennsylvania in July 2020. Gender and age of all patients were collected. Patients who were not wearing or improperly wearing a face covering were provided one with instructions on proper use.Results: Over 5 days, 43 of 2286 patients (2%) that entered one of the participating clinics were observed not or incorrectly wearing face coverings. The average age of patients who were not correctly wearing a face covering was significantly higher. There was no association between gender and face-covering use.Conclusion: As case counts continue to rise, effective use of face coverings in healthcare settings remains essential. The high percentage of adherence presented in this report is reassuring. However, the elderly, a high-risk population, may require additional, targeted educational measures to increase face-covering adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Parikh
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh T, Ichhpujani P, Singh RB. First Line of Defense in COVID-19: Masks in Clinical Practice. Asia Pac J Public Health 2020; 33:147-149. [PMID: 33291939 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520979928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parul Ichhpujani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee A, Sridhar S, Leung CKS, Ni MY. Patient Masking and Slit-Lamp Breath Shield for Prevention of Droplet Transmission During Slit-Lamp Examination. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 10:121-123. [PMID: 33290289 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allie Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Christopher K S Leung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Michael Y Ni
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tognetto D, Brézin AP, Cummings AB, Malyugin BE, Evren Kemer O, Prieto I, Rejdak R, Teus MA, Törnblom R, Toro MD, Vinciguerra AL, Giglio R, De Giacinto C. Rethinking Elective Cataract Surgery Diagnostics, Assessments, and Tools after the COVID-19 Pandemic Experience and Beyond: Insights from the EUROCOVCAT Group. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E1035. [PMID: 33276612 PMCID: PMC7761628 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive deterioration of the visual function in patients on waiting lists for cataract surgery has a negative impact on their quality of life, especially in the elderly population. Patient waiting times for cataract surgeries in many healthcare settings have increased recently due to the prolonged stop or slowdown of elective cataract surgery as a result of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The aim of this review is to highlight the impact of such a "de-prioritization" of cataract surgery and to summarize some critical issues and useful hints on how to reorganize cataract pathways, with a special focus on perioperative diagnostic tools during the recovery phase and beyond. The experiences of a group of surgeons originating from nine different countries, named the European COVID-19 Cataract Group (EUROCOVCAT), have been combined with the literature and recommendations from scientific ophthalmic societies and healthcare institutions. Key considerations for elective cataract surgery should include the reduction of the number of unnecessary visits and examinations, adoption of precautionary measures, and implementation of telemedicine instruments. New strategies should be adopted to provide an adequate level of assistance and to guarantee safety conditions. Flexibility will be the watchword and regular updates would be necessary following scientific insights and the development of the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Tognetto
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | | | | | - Boris E. Malyugin
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Russian Federation, 127486 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ozlem Evren Kemer
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal;
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Miguel A. Teus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alcalá, 28802 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Riikka Törnblom
- Department of Ophthalmology, TYKS Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Mario D. Toro
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alex L. Vinciguerra
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Rosa Giglio
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Chiara De Giacinto
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Choy DMY, Lee LKM, Yong VKY, Yip LWL. COVID-19: Additional Precautions against Aerosols for the Slit Lamp User. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 10:123-124. [PMID: 33229922 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Mun Yoong Choy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Sinagapore
| | - Llewellyn Kuan Ming Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Sinagapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Sinagapore
| | - Vernon Khet Yau Yong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Sinagapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Sinagapore
| | - Leonard Wei Leon Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Sinagapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Sinagapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sivaraj R. Ophthalmology Practice in the UK. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:477. [PMID: 32889817 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Sivaraj
- Consultant Ophthalmologist, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rothschild PS, Chakrabarti R. Does Video Gaming Improve Ophthalmological Surgical Proficiency? Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:476. [PMID: 32889818 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
El-Saied HMA, Salah Eddin Abdelhakim MA. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Young Ophthalmologists in Cairo University Hospitals. Semin Ophthalmol 2020; 35:296-306. [PMID: 33017198 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2020.1826046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the concerns of the residents and young ophthalmologists as well as the change in their practice during the COVID era. DESIGN This is an cross-sectional study. METHODS A questionnaire was directed to the young Ophthalmologists of Ophthalmology department in Cairo University hospitals. The primary outcome measures were the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmology practice. RESULTS Seventy-nine young Ophthalmologists responded to the questionnaire, with an age ranging from 24 to 36 years of age of which 57% were females. They all practiced Ophthalmology from less than one year up to 9 years long, with 55.8% of them feeling unlucky starting ophthalmic practice during this era, 7.6% are extremely anxious regarding their psychological concern about the pandemic, and some feel they need psychological assessment especially those with 1-3 years duration of practice (41.2%) (p = .011) , especially females (82.4%, p = .015 ). As for access to PPE, 94.9% are wearing masks in the clinic, but only 8.9% of patients are wearing masks. Before this lockdown, 16.7% of the enrolled candidates attended on line lectures and webinars, but since then, this has significantly surged to 80.5% (p < .001) . CONCLUSION Due to COVID-19 pandemic, as with everybody else, our young ophthalmologists have been affected on many different levels; psychologically, education and practice levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Magdy Ahmed El-Saied
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
The use of personal protective equipment in clinical ophthalmology during corona virus disease-2019: a review of international guidelines and literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2020; 31:435-446. [PMID: 32769697 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of nonpharmaceutical interventions can prevent viral spread in COVID-19 pandemic and PPE forms a crucial part of this strategy. However, there are discrepancies in existing guidelines and a lack of consensus among ophthalmic communities. This review aims to identify general consensus and provides recommendation of PPE for most common ophthalmological scenarios. With a global shortage of PPE, extended use and reuse strategies are also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, guidelines and resources were selected, based on a three-tier process. The first-tier resources were from international infection control organizations. The second-tier resources were from ophthalmological professional associations and colleges. The third-tier resources involved a PubMed search using the keywords 'COVID-19; coronavirus; personal protective equipment' performed on 1 May 2020. Non-English guidelines and literatures were excluded. SUMMARY On the basis of our methodology, we included a total of 30 documents, including 5 resources from tier 1, 14 resources from tier 2 and 15 from tier 3. Different levels of protection are necessary. Whenever performing an aerosol generating procedure, maximum protection should be ensured, this includes FFP3 respirator, fluid resistant gown, goggles or face-shield and disposable gloves. Similar protection should be used for handling COVID-19-positive/suspected case but the use of FFP2 respirator is acceptable. During routine outpatient clinic in cases of negative triage, it is recommended to use ASTM III surgical mask, plastic apron, disposable gloves and eye protection with goggles or face-shield. Lastly, patients should be encouraged to wear surgical masks whenever possible.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wong RL, Ting DS, Wan KH, Lai KH, Ko CN, Ruamviboonsuk P, Huang SS, Lam DS, Tham CC. COVID-19: Ocular Manifestations and the APAO Prevention Guidelines for Ophthalmic Practices. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:281-284. [PMID: 32739937 PMCID: PMC7480794 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization declared the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 a "Pandemic" on March 11, 2020. As of June 1, 2020, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 has infected >6.2 million people and caused >372,000 deaths, including many health care personnel. It is highly infectious and ophthalmologists are at a higher risk of the infection due to a number of reasons including the proximity between doctors and patients during ocular examinations, microaerosols generated by the noncontact tonometer, tears as a potential source of infection, and some COVID-19 cases present with conjunctivitis. This article describes the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 and the APAO guidelines in mitigating the risks of contracting and/or spreading COVID-19 in ophthalmic practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L.M. Wong
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel S.W. Ting
- Singapore Health Service (SingHealth), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kelvin H. Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kenny H.W. Lai
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Paisan Ruamviboonsuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suber S. Huang
- Retina Center of Ohio, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL
| | - Dennis S.C. Lam
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- International Eye Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Clement C.Y. Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rowe F, Hepworth L, Howard C, Lane S. Orthoptic Services in the UK and Ireland During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Br Ir Orthopt J 2020; 16:29-37. [PMID: 32999991 PMCID: PMC7510392 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: COVID-19 has widely impacted hospital services. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on Orthoptists and their clinical practice in the UK, Ireland, and Channel Islands. Methods: We conducted a prospective survey-based cross-sectional study using an online survey aiming for coverage of orthoptic departments across the UK, Ireland, and Channel Islands. We circulated the online survey through the British and Irish Orthoptic Society that reaches over 95% of UK and Irish orthoptic services, and through social media and orthoptic research networks. Results: The survey response rate was 79%. The survey was completed by orthoptic departments, on average 10 days post lockdown. Many orthoptic services were cancelled/paused with remaining services largely reserved for emergency cases and urgent care. A substantial rise in tele-consultations was reported by 94%, which largely consisted of telephone and video calls and which was regarded generally as working well. Barriers to tele-consultations were mainly IT related but with concerns also raised regarding ethical and confidentiality issues. Shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) was reported by one third of departments along with issues relating to conflicting information about the use of PPE. Conclusions: We have reported information on the changing face of orthoptic clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey has highlighted emerging tele-consultation practice and the importance of centralised profession-specific guidelines.
Collapse
|
33
|
Almazyad EM, Ameen S, Khan MA, Malik R. Guidelines and Recommendations for Tonometry Use during the COVID-19 Era. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2020; 27:73-78. [PMID: 32874038 PMCID: PMC7442084 DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_237_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a substantial change in eye care and clinical practice. There has been conflicting information and weak evidence on the virus's transmission through tears. Yet, virus detection on cornea and conjunctiva surface as a gateway for infection is not well-studied. Moreover, there have been no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through tonometry to date. Thus, this uncertainty has urged this review on evidence-based guidelines and recommendations on tonometer use in the COVID-19 era. The aim of this article is to provide ophthalmologists with recommendations for tonometry practice based on current evidence and best practice guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enmar M. Almazyad
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally Ameen
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mohammad A. Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdul Aziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Malik
- Glaucoma Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wong RL, Lai KH, Huang SS, Jonas JB, Lam DS. COVID-19 Pandemic: Ways Forward. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:59-60. [PMID: 32349111 PMCID: PMC7227197 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond L.M. Wong
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kenny H.W. Lai
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Suber S. Huang
- Retina Center of Ohio, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, FL, USA
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis S.C. Lam
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- International Eye Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tridente A. Introducing video content into Scars, Burns & Healing. Scars Burn Heal 2020; 6:2059513120972603. [PMID: 33282340 PMCID: PMC7691894 DOI: 10.1177/2059513120972603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ascanio Tridente
- Whiston Hospital, St Helens' and Knowsley NHS Trust, Prescot, UK and Sheffield University, Prescot, UK
| |
Collapse
|