1
|
Orellana KJ, Bram JT, Batley M, Novotny S, Shah H, Laine JC, Kelly DM, Martin B, Schrader T, Kim H, Sankar WN. Predictors of Persistent Limp Following Proximal Femoral Varus Osteotomy for Perthes Disease. J Pediatr Orthop 2024:01241398-990000000-00544. [PMID: 38659309 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most popular containment procedures for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is proximal femur varus osteotomy (PFO). While generally successful in achieving containment, PFO can cause limb length discrepancy, abductor weakness, and (of most concern for families) a persistent limp. While many studies have focused on radiographic outcomes following containment surgery, none have analyzed predictors of this persistent limp. The aim of this study was to determine clinical, radiographic, and surgical risk factors for persistent limp 2 years after PFO in children with LCPD. METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively collected multicenter database was conducted for patients aged 6 to 11 years at disease onset with unilateral early-stage LCPD (Waldenström I) who underwent PFO. Limp status (no, mild, and severe), age, BMI, and pain scores were obtained at initial presentation, 3-month, and 2-year postoperative visits. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were used to measure traditional morphologic hip metrics including acetabular index (AI), lateral center-edge angle (LCEA), and femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA). Univariate analysis as well as multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze factors associated with mild and severe limp at the 2-year visit. RESULTS A total of 95 patients met the inclusion criteria, and of these 50 patients underwent concomitant greater trochanter apophysiodesis (GTA) at the time of PFO. At the 2-year visit, there were 38 patients (40%) with a mild or severe limp. Multivariate logistic regression revealed no significant radiographic factors associated with a persistent limp. However, lower 2-year BMI and undergoing GTA were associated with decreased rates of persistent limp regardless of age (P<0.05). When stratifying by age of disease onset, apophysiodesis appeared to be protective against any severity of limp in patients aged 6 to 8 years old (P= 0.03), but not in patients 8 years or older (P= 0.49). CONCLUSIONS Persistent limp following PFO is a frustrating problem that was seen in 40% of patients at 2 years. However, lower follow-up BMI and performing a greater trochanter apophysiodesis, particularly in patients younger than 8 years of age, correlated with a lower risk of postoperative limp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Orellana
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joshua T Bram
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Morgan Batley
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan Novotny
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gillete Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, Karnataka, Manipal, India
| | - Jennifer C Laine
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gillete Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Derek M Kelly
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Tim Schrader
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Harry Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Texas Scottish Rite for Children
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Wudbhav N Sankar
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Lin C, Li B, Huang Q, Chen X, Tang S, Luo X, Lu R, Liu Y, Liao S, Ding X. Biochanin A inhibits endothelial dysfunction induced by IL‑6‑stimulated endothelial microparticles in Perthes disease via the NFκB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:137. [PMID: 38476892 PMCID: PMC10928846 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction caused by the stimulation of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) by the inflammatory factor IL-6 is one of the pathogenic pathways associated with Perthes disease. The natural active product biochanin A (BCA) has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, whether it can alleviate endothelial dysfunction in Perthes disease is not known. The present in vitro experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that 0-100 pg/ml IL-6-EMPs could induce endothelial dysfunction in a concentration-dependent manner, and the results of the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay revealed that, at concentrations of <20 µM, BCA had no cytotoxic effect. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR demonstrated that BCA reduced the expression levels of the endothelial dysfunction indexes E-selectin and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence and western blotting illustrated that BCA increased the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 and decreased those of ICAM-1. Mechanistic studies showed that BCA inhibited activation of the NFκB pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that IL-6 was significantly increased in the rat model of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, whereas BCA inhibited IL-6 production. Therefore, in Perthes disease, BCA may inhibit the NFκB pathway to suppress IL-6-EMP-induced endothelial dysfunction, and could thus be regarded as a potential treatment for Perthes disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chengsen Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Boxiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xianxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shengping Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rongbin Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim S, Seon JK, Ko B, Lim JH, Song WC, Kang GR, Shin Y, Jung ST. Outcome Prediction Model Following Proximal Femoral Osteotomy in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease Using Machine Learning Algorithms. J Pediatr Orthop 2023; 43:632-639. [PMID: 37728109 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was (1) to analyze various factors that may be associated with the outcomes of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), and (2) to develop and internally validate machine learning algorithms capable of providing patient-specific predictions of which patients with LCPD will achieve relevant improvement in radiologic outcomes after proximal femoral varus osteotomy (PFVO). We examined several variables, previously identified as factors, that may influence the outcome of LCPD and developed a machine learning algorithm based on them. METHODS In this retrospective study, we analyzed patients aged older than 6 years at the time of LCPD diagnosis who underwent PFVO at our institution between 1979 and 2015. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the effects of variables on the sphericity of the femoral head at skeletal maturity, including age at onset, sex, stage at operation, extent of epiphyseal involvement and collapse, presence of specific epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and acetabular changes, and postoperative neck shaft angle (NSA). Recursive feature selection was used to identify the combination of variables from an initial pool of 13 features that optimized the model performance. Five machine learning algorithms [extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), multilayer perception, support vector machine, elastic-net penalized logistic regression, and random forest) were trained using 5-fold cross-validation 3 times and applied to an independent testing set of patients. RESULTS Ninety patients with LCPD who underwent PFVO were included in this study. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.93 (range, 6.0 to 12.33) years. The average follow-up period was 10.11 (range, 5.25 to 22.92) years. A combination of 8 variables, optimized algorithm performance, and specific cutoffs were found to decrease the likelihood of achieving the 1 or 2 Stulberg classification: age at onset ≤ 8.06, lateral classification ≤ B, 12.40 < preoperative migration percentage (MP) ≤ 22.85, Catterall classification ≤ 2, 117.4 < postoperative NSA ≤ 122.90, -10.8 < postoperative MP ≤ 6.5, 139.65 < preoperative NSA ≤ 144.67, and operation at stage 1. The XGBoost model demonstrated the best performance (F1 score: 0.78; area under the curve: 0.84). CONCLUSIONS The XGBoost machine learning algorithm achieved the best performance in predicting the postoperative radiologic outcomes in patients with LCPD who underwent PFVO. In our population, age at onset ≤ 8.06, lateral classification ≤ B, 12.40 < preoperative MP ≤ 22.85, Catterall classification ≤ 2, 117.4 < postoperative NSA ≤ 122.90, -10.8 < postoperative MP ≤ 6.5, 139.65 < preoperative NSA ≤ 144.67, and operation at an early stage had the likelihood of achieving the spherical femoral head for the patients with LCPD that underwent PFVO. After external validation, the online application of this model may enhance shared decision-making. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III-retrospective cohort study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital
| | - Jong-Keun Seon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Bonggyun Ko
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju
| | - Jun-Hyuk Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital
| | - Woo-Chan Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital
| | - Gyo Rim Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Donggu
| | - Yonggwan Shin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju
| | - Sung-Taek Jung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeong BC, Goh TS, Lee C, Ahn TY, Ryu D. Identification of screw spacing on pediatric hip locking plate in proximal femoral osteotomy. Phys Eng Sci Med 2023; 46:1101-1114. [PMID: 37213051 PMCID: PMC10480327 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a computational analysis technique for evaluating the effect of screw spacing and angle on the pediatric hip locking plate system in proximal femoral osteotomy in pediatric patients having DDH with an aberrant femoral head and femoral angle. Under static compressive load conditions, the stresses of the screw and bone were examined as the screw spacing and angle changed. The spacing and angle of various screws were specifically considered as variables in this study based on the pile mechanism studied in civil engineering. As with the group pile mechanism, the tighter the screw spacing under static compressive loads, the more the overlapping effect between the bone stresses and the screws develops, increasing the risk of injuring the patient's bone. Therefore, a series of simulations was performed to determine the optimal screw spacing and angles to minimize the overlapping effect of bone stress. In addition, a formula for determining the minimum screw spacing was proposed based on the computational simulation results. Finally, if the outcomes of this study are applied to pediatric patients with DDH in the pre-proximal femoral osteotomy stage, post-operative load-induced femur damage will be reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Cheol Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sik Goh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiseung Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Ahn
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongman Ryu
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|