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Reheim MAMA, Abdou MM, El-Gaby MSA, Al-Omari MH, Abu-Rayyan A, Al-Assy WH, Refat HM, Sarhan AAM, Hafiz ISA. Bioactivity of novel isoxazole-fused heterocycles: comprehensive antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, SwissADME predictions, molecular docking, and DFT analysis. Mol Divers 2025:10.1007/s11030-025-11180-z. [PMID: 40244372 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-025-11180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Among the foremost goals for organic chemists is to discover novel approaches for the synthesis of a particular heterocyclic and its design. Our approach focused on the vital precursor 4-acetyl-3-phenylisoxazol-5(4H)-one 3, as this molecule has an endocyclic carbonyl function in position 5 adjacent to the substituted acetyl function at site 4. Therefore, compound 3 was a crucial component of many types of fused isoxazole. The investigators provide a straightforward synthesis of fused isoxazole from the following categories: pyrano[3,2-d]isoxazole 4 & 6, isochromeno[4,3-d]isoxazole 5, isoxazolo[4',5':5,6]pyrano[3,4-c]pyridine 7, thieno[3',4':4,5]pyrano [3,2-d]isoxazole 8, pyrazolo[4,3-d]isoxazole 10a,b and 11a,b, and isoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine derivatives 14a,b. The target compounds and their structures were supported by the results of 1H-NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. Molecular docking studies highlighted strong binding affinities to bacterial enzymes crucial for cell wall synthesis, while DFT calculations provided deep insights into their electronic properties and stability. Additionally, the antioxidant potential of compounds 11a,b was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, showing impressive concentration-dependent activity. Addressing the critical issue of antibiotic resistance, especially due to β-lactamases, molecular docking affirmed the high binding propensity of these derivatives with essential β-lactamase proteins (PDB: 1CK3, 6MU9, and 6W2Z). These findings underscore the promise of isoxazoline derivatives as powerful antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, paving the way for further development in combating bacterial resistance and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S A El-Gaby
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Abu-Rayyan
- Faculty of Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11931, Jordan
| | - Waleed H Al-Assy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharga, 72511, Egypt
| | - Hala M Refat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Arish, 45511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A M Sarhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Arish, 45511, Egypt
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Zhu J, Mo J, Lin HZ, Chen Y, Sun HP. The recent progress of isoxazole in medicinal chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3065-3075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Priyadarshani G, Nayak A, Amrutkar SM, Das S, Guchhait SK, Kundu CN, Banerjee UC. Scaffold-Hopping of Aurones: 2-Arylideneimidazo[1,2- a]pyridinones as Topoisomerase IIα-Inhibiting Anticancer Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1056-1061. [PMID: 27994737 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-hopping of bioactive natural product aurones has been studied for the first time. 2-Arylideneimidazo[1,2-a]pyridinones as potential topoisomerase IIα (hTopoIIα)-targeting anticancer compounds were considered. A multifunctional activator, polyphosphoric acid, enabled to realize a cascade reaction of 2-aminopyridine with 2,3-epoxyesters toward synthesis of 2-arylideneimidazo[1,2-a]pyridinones. Most of the compounds exhibited hTopoIIα-selective poison activity with efficiency more than etoposide and DNA-binding property, while not interacting with hTopo I. The compounds showed pronounced antiproliferative activities in nanomolar range with relatively poor toxicity to normal cells, inhibition of invasiveness, and apoptotic effect. The activities for inhibition of tubulin assembly, CDK1 and pCDK1, were also observed. Interestingly, the hTopoIIα inhibitory (in vitro and ex vivo studies) and antiproliferative activities of representative potent compounds were found to be manifold higher compared to corresponding parent aurones bearing alike substitutions, indicating the importance of such scaffold-hopping strategy in medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Priyadarshani
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Anmada Nayak
- School
of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Suyog M. Amrutkar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A.
S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sarita Das
- School
of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Chanakya N. Kundu
- School
of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Uttam C. Banerjee
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A.
S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Hicks S, Labinskyy N, Piteo B, Laurent D, Mathew JE, Gupte SA, Edwards JG. Type II diabetes increases mitochondrial DNA mutations in the left ventricle of the Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H903-15. [PMID: 23376826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00567.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has a significant role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial oxidant stress has been accepted as the singular cause of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage as an underlying cause of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, separate from a direct effect on mtDNA integrity, diabetic-induced increases in oxidant stress alter mitochondrial topoisomerase function to propagate mtDNA mutations as a contributor to mitochondrial dysfunction. Both glucose-challenged neonatal cardiomyocytes and the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat were studied. In both the GK left ventricle (LV) and in cardiomyocytes, chronically elevated glucose presentation induced a significant increase in mtDNA damage that was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial function. TTGE analysis revealed a number of base pair substitutions in the 3' end of COX3 from GK LV mtDNA that significantly altered the protein sequence. Mitochondrial topoisomerase DNA cleavage activity in isolated mitochondria was significantly increased in the GK LV compared with Wistar controls. Both hydroxycamptothecin, a topoisomerase type 1 inhibitor, and doxorubicin, a topoisomerase type 2 inhibitor, significantly exacerbated the DNA cleavage activity of isolated mitochondrial extracts indicating the presence of multiple functional topoisomerases in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial topoisomerase function was significantly altered in the presence of H2O2 suggesting that separate from a direct effect on mtDNA, oxidant stress mediated type II diabetes-induced alterations of mitochondrial topoisomerase function. These findings are significant in that the activation/inhibition state of the mitochondrial topoisomerases will have important consequences for mtDNA integrity and the well being of the diabetic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hicks
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Bailly C. Contemporary challenges in the design of topoisomerase II inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3611-40. [PMID: 22397403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche et Développement, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.
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Medikayala S, Piteo B, Zhao X, Edwards JG. Chronically elevated glucose compromises myocardial mitochondrial DNA integrity by alteration of mitochondrial topoisomerase function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 300:C338-48. [PMID: 21123731 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00248.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has a significant role in the development and complications of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are also associated with different types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of this study was to determine if chronically elevated glucose increase in mtDNA damage contributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and identify the underlying basis for mtDNA damage. H9c2 myotubes (a cardiac-derived cell line) were studied in the presence of 5.5, 16.5, or 33.0 mM glucose for up to 13 days. Tests of mitochondria function (Complex I and IV activity and ATP generation) were all significantly depressed by elevated media glucose. Intramitochondrial superoxide and intracellular superoxide levels were transiently increased during the experimental period. AnnexinV binding (a marker of apoptosis) was significantly increased after 7 and 13 days of high glucose. Thirteen days of elevated glucose significantly increased mtDNA damage globally and across the region encoding for the three subunits of cytochrome oxidase. Using mitochondria isolated from cells chronically exposed to elevated glucose, we observed significant increases in topoisomerase-linked DNA cleavage. Mitochondria-dependent DNA cleavage was significantly exacerbated by H(2)O(2) and that immunoprecipitation of mitochondrial extracts with a mtTOP1 antibody significantly decreased DNA cleavage, indicating that at least part of this activity could be attributed to mtTOP1. We conclude that even mild increases in glucose presentation compromised mitochondrial function as a result of a decline in mtDNA integrity. Separate from a direct impact of oxidative stress on mtDNA, ROS-induced alteration of mitochondrial topoisomerase activity exacerbated and propagated increases in mtDNA damage. These findings are significant in that the activation/inhibition state of the mitochondrial topoisomerases will have important consequences for mitochondrial DNA integrity and the well being of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Medikayala
- Dept. of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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