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MacNeill H, Masters K, Nemethy K, Correia R. Online learning in Health Professions Education. Part 1: Teaching and learning in online environments: AMEE Guide No. 161. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:4-17. [PMID: 37094079 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2197135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Online learning in Health Professions Education (HPE) has been evolving over decades, but COVID-19 changed its use abruptly. Technology allowed necessary HPE during COVID-19, but also demonstrated that many HP educators and learners had little knowledge and experience of these complex sociotechnical environments. Due to the educational benefits and flexibility that technology can afford, many higher education experts agree that online learning will continue and evolve long after COVID-19. As HP educators stand at the crossroads of technology integration, it is important that we examine the evidence, theories, advantages/disadvantages, and pedagogically informed design of online learning. This Guide will provide foundational concepts and practical strategies to support HPE educators and institutions toward advancing pedagogically informed use of online HPE. This Guide consists of two parts. The first part will provide an overview of evidence, theories, formats, and educational design in online learning, including contemporary issues and considerations such as learner engagement, faculty development, inclusivity, accessibility, copyright, and privacy. The second part (to be published as a separate Guide) focuses on specific technology tool types with practical examples for implementation and integration of the concepts discussed in Guide 1, and will include digital scholarship, learning analytics, and emerging technologies. In sum, both guides should be read together, as Guide 1 provides the foundation required for the practical application of technology showcased in Guide 2.Please refer to the video abstract for Part 1 of this Guide at https://bit.ly/AMEEGuideOnlineLearning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather MacNeill
- Department of Medicine, Continusing Professional Development, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ken Masters
- Medical Education and Informatics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Kataryna Nemethy
- Baycrest Academy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raquel Correia
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Selva-Rodriguez A, Sandars J. Twelve tips for providing academic remediation to widening access learners in medical education. MEDICAL TEACHER 2023; 45:1112-1117. [PMID: 37243728 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2216360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
As medical schools expand access and diversity through widening access initiatives, there is an increasing need to provide academic remediation for learners during their first year in medical school. The previous educational experiences of widening access learners are often mismatched for continuing success in medical school. This article offers 12 tips for providing academic remediation to widening access learners and draws on insights from the learning sciences and research in psychosocial education to support academic development within a holistic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Sandars
- Department of Medical Education, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Vanderlaan J, Bellow A. Applying Social Determinants of Health to Prescribing Education. J Nurs Educ 2023; 62:593-594. [PMID: 37499254 DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20230612-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Bellow
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Nursing
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Privitera AJ, Ng SHS, Chen SHA. Defining the Science of Learning: A scoping review. Trends Neurosci Educ 2023; 32:100206. [PMID: 37689432 DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2023.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in research on the Science of Learning continues to grow. However, ambiguity about what this field is can negatively impact communication and collaboration and may inadequately inform educational training programs or funding initiatives that are not sufficiently inclusive in focus. METHODS The present scoping review aimed to synthesize a working definition of the Science of Learning using Web of Science and ProQuest database searches. RESULTS In total, 43 unique definitions were identified across 50 documents including journal articles, theses, conference papers, and book chapters. Definitions of the Science of Learning differed considerably when describing the fields thought to contribute to research on this topic. CONCLUSIONS Based on findings, we propose a working definition of the Science of Learning for discussion and further refinement: the scientific study of the underlying bases of learning with the goal of describing, understanding, or improving learning across developmental stages and diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Privitera
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - S H S Ng
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Institute for Pedagogical Innovation, Research and Excellence, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - S H A Chen
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Pinheiro SO, Rushton S, Konrad TR, McLean HS, Bartlett KW, Blazar M, Hibbard ST, Barnett JS. Design and Evaluation of an Interprofessional Preceptor Development Mini-Fellowship Program. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2023:00005141-990000000-00091. [PMID: 37466349 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health professions preceptors require skills and knowledge to effectively meet the educational needs of interprofessional students in clinical environments. We implemented a mini-fellowship program to enhance the knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy of preceptors teaching students and applying quality improvement (QI) methods across disciplines and patient care settings. METHODS The design, implementation, and evaluation of the program were informed by the faculty development literature, principles of adult learning, and preceptor needs. The 3-day program included workshops on curriculum design, clinical teaching methods, QI, social determinants of health, cultural humility, and interprofessional teamwork. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods were used including preprogram and postprogram knowledge and self-efficacy surveys, along with end-of-session and program evaluations. RESULTS Five annual cohorts involving 41 preceptors with varied demographics, professions, and clinical practices completed the mini-fellowship program. Participants' percentage of items answered correctly on a QI knowledge test increased from 79.2% (pretest) to 85.5% (post-test), a gain of 6.3% (90% CI: 2.9-9.7%; P < .003). The average QI self-efficacy scores improved from 2.64 to 3.82, a gain of 1.18 points on a five-point scale ( P < .001). The average education/teaching self-efficacy increased from 2.79 to 3.80 on a five-point scale ( P < .001). Ultimately, 94% would recommend the program to other preceptors. DISCUSSION An interprofessional preceptor development program designed to train clinicians to effectively teach in the clinical setting and to conduct QI projects with students was achievable and effective. This program can serve as a model for academic centers charged with training future health care workers and supporting their community-based preceptors' training needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro O Pinheiro
- Dr. Pinheiro: Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Dr. Rushton : Assistant Clinical Professor, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC. Dr. Konrad: Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, Carolina Health Workforce Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Dr. McLean: Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hospital Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Dr. Bartlett: Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hospital Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Dr. Blazar: Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Dr. Hibbard: Senior Director of Learning Science & Psychometrics at Blueprint Test Prep, and Consulting Assistant Professor, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Dr. Barnett: Professor, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Madan CR. Using Evidence-Based Learning Strategies to Improve Medical Education. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2023; 33:773-776. [PMID: 37501813 PMCID: PMC10368606 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Medical education research has been adopting principles from psychology to improve student learning. Here is an overview and illustrative examples of six evidence-based learning strategies that have been thoroughly researched and validated in the psychology literature: spacing, interleaving, retrieval practice, elaboration, dual coding, and concrete examples. For each of these, their use within medical education and considerations that may influence efficacy are discussed. Medical education researchers should collaborate more with psychology researchers in transdisciplinary teams to better implement these strategies and more directly benefit from advances made in the psychology literature.
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Liao JM. Promoting learning health systems using learning science. HEALTHCARE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 11:100693. [PMID: 37244163 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2023.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA; Value and Systems Science Lab, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
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MacNeill H, Paton M, Schneeweiss S, Wiljer D. Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Continuing Professional Development (CPD) During COVID-19: CPD Providers' Perspectives. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2023; 44:147-150. [PMID: 37201550 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT COVID-19 precipitated many CPD providers to develop new technology competencies to create effective online CPD. This study aims to improve our understanding of CPD providers' comfort level, supports, perceived advantages/disadvantages, and issues in technology-enhanced CPD delivery during COVID-19. A survey was distributed to CPD providers at the University of Toronto and members of the Society for Academic Continuing Medical Education and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Of the 111 respondents, 81% felt very to somewhat confident to provide online CPD, but less than half reported IT, financial, or faculty development supports. The top reported advantage to online CPD delivery was reaching a new demographic; top disadvantages included videoconferencing fatigue, social isolation, and competing priorities. There was interest in using less frequently used educational technology such as online collaboration tools, virtual patients, and augmented/virtual reality. COVID-19 precipitated an increased comfort level in using synchronous technologies to provide CPD, giving the CPD community an increased cultural acceptance and skill level to build on. As we move beyond the pandemic, it will be important to consider ongoing faculty development, particularly toward asynchronous and HyFlex delivery methods to continue expand CPD reach and negate negative online experiences such as videoconferencing fatigue, social isolation, and online distractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather MacNeill
- Dr. MacNeill: Faculty Lead, Educational Technologies, Continuing Professional Development, Temerty Faculty of Medicine; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto. Canada. Dr. Paton: Education Research Coordinator, Continuing Professional Development, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Schneeweiss: Continuing Professional Development, Temerty Faculty of Medicine; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Dr. Wiljer: Academic Director, Continuing Professional Development, Temerty Faculty of Medicine; Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine and the Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Executive Director, Digital, Education Technology Innovation, University Health Network
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Szeto SG, Wan H, Alavinia M, Dukelow S, MacNeill H. Effect of mobile application types on stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:12. [PMID: 36694257 PMCID: PMC9872745 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a significant contributor of worldwide disability and morbidity with substantial economic consequences. Rehabilitation is a vital component of stroke recovery, but inpatient stroke rehabilitation programs can struggle to meet the recommended hours of therapy per day outlined by the Canadian Stroke Best Practices and American Heart Association. Mobile applications (apps) are an emerging technology which may help bridge this deficit, however this area is understudied. The purpose of this study is to review the effect of mobile apps for stroke rehabilitation on stroke impairments and functional outcomes. Specifically, this paper will delve into the impact of varying mobile app types on stroke rehabilitation. METHODS This systematic review included 29 studies: 11 randomized control trials and 18 quasi-experimental studies. Data extrapolation mapped 5 mobile app types (therapy apps, education apps, rehab videos, reminders, and a combination of rehab videos with reminders) to stroke deficits (motor paresis, aphasia, neglect), adherence to exercise, activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life, secondary stroke prevention, and depression and anxiety. RESULTS There were multiple studies supporting the use of therapy apps for motor paresis or aphasia, rehab videos for exercise adherence, and reminders for exercise adherence. For permutations involving other app types with stroke deficits or functional outcomes (adherence to exercise, ADLs, quality of life, secondary stroke prevention, depression and anxiety), the results were either non-significant or limited by a paucity of studies. CONCLUSION Mobile apps demonstrate potential to assist with stroke recovery and augment face to face rehabilitation, however, development of a mobile app should be carefully planned when targeting specific stroke deficits or functional outcomes. This study found that mobile app types which mimicked principles of effective face-to-face therapy (massed practice, task-specific practice, goal-oriented practice, multisensory stimulation, rhythmic cueing, feedback, social interaction, and constraint-induced therapy) and education (interactivity, feedback, repetition, practice exercises, social learning) had the greatest benefits. Protocol registration PROPSERO (ID CRD42021186534). Registered 21 February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Szeto
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428UHN Toronto Rehab Institute, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2 Canada
| | - Hoyee Wan
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad Alavinia
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean Dukelow
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Heather MacNeill
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.492573.e0000 0004 6477 6457Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hennick Bridgepoint Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
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Kitto S. The Untapped Potential of Data-Driven CPD and the Learning Sciences. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2023; 43:1-2. [PMID: 36849425 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kitto
- Dr. Kitto: University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Van Hoof TJ, Sumeracki MA, Madan CR. Science of Learning Strategy Series: Article 3, Interleaving. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2022; 42:265-268. [PMID: 35170479 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interleaving is an evidence-based, learning-science strategy that is relevant to the planning and implementation of continuing professional development (CPD). Mixing related but different areas of study forces the brain to reconcile the relationship between the areas while understanding each area well. By doing so, interleaving increases the likelihood of mastery and memory. Research from cognitive psychology and neuroscience provides the rationale for interleaving, and examples of its implementation in health profession education have begun to appear in the literature. If utilized appropriately, some common CPD interventions can leverage interleaving. Through increased understanding, CPD participants can benefit from interleaving by making more-informed educational choices, and CPD planners can benefit in efforts to improve educational activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Van Hoof
- Dr. Van Hoof: Associate Professor, University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, and Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT. Dr. Sumeracki: Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Rhode Island College, Providence, Rhode Island. Dr. Madan: Assistant Professor, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Vanderlaan J, Sadler C, Kjerulff K. Association of Delivery Outcomes With the Number of Childbirth Education Sessions. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2021; 35:228-236. [PMID: 34330134 PMCID: PMC8555673 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether childbirth education conducted over 3 or more sessions is more effective than courses conducted over 1 or 2 sessions. This was a secondary analysis of 2853 participants in a longitudinal study of women recruited during their first pregnancy. Data on childbirth education attendance were collected during the 1-month postpartum interview. The Kruskal-Wallis test for ranks was used for univariate analysis by the number of class sessions, and logistic regression was used to compare no education with any childbirth education, single-session, 2-session, and 3-or-more-session courses. Primary outcomes included induction of labor, cesarean delivery, use of pain medication, and shared decision-making. Attending 3 or more education sessions was associated with a decreased risk of planned cesarean delivery and increased shared decision-making. Attending any childbirth education was associated with lower odds of using pain medication in labor, reduced odds of planned cesarean delivery, and increased shared decision-making. Childbirth education was not associated with induction of labor. Childbirth education can be provided over 3 or more sessions. This finding can be used to develop evidence-based childbirth education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vanderlaan
- University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Nursing (Dr Vanderlaan); University of St Thomas School of Nursing, Houston, Texas (Ms Sadler); and Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (Dr Kjerulff)
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Kitto S. The Importance of Proactive and Strategic Technology-Enhanced Continuing Professional Development. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2021; 41:3-4. [PMID: 33661853 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kitto
- Dr. Kitto: Professor, Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Director of Research, Office of CPD, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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