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Baudrexler T, Boeselt T, Li L, Bohlscheid S, Boas U, Schmid C, Rank A, Schmohl J, Koczulla R, Schmetzer HM. Volatile Phases Derived from Serum, DC, or MLC Culture Supernatants to Deduce a VOC-Based Diagnostic Profiling Strategy for Leukemic Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:989. [PMID: 37371569 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) reflect the metabolism in healthy and pathological conditions, and can be collected easily in a noninvasive manner. They are directly measured using electronical nose (eNose), and may qualify as a systemic tool to monitor biomarkers related to disease. Myeloid leukemic blasts can be transformed into leukemia-derived dendritic cells (DCleu) able to improve (anti-leukemic) immune responses. To profile immunological changes in healthy and acute myeloid leukemic (AML) patients' ex vivo cell cultures, we correlated the cell biological data with the profiles of cell culture supernatant-derived VOCs. DC/DCleu from leukemic or healthy whole blood (WB) were generated without (Control) or with immunomodulatory Kit M (Granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) + prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)) in dendritic cell cultures (DC culture). Kit-pretreated/not pretreated WB was used to stimulate T cell-enriched immunoreactive cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC culture). Leukemia-specific adaptive and innate immune cells were detected with a degranulation assay (Deg) and an intracellular cytokine assay (InCyt). Anti-leukemic cytotoxicity was explored with a cytotoxicity fluorolysis assay (CTX). VOCs collected from serum or DC- and MLC culture supernatants (with vs. without Kit M pretreatment and before vs. after culture) were measured using eNose. Compared to the Control (without treatment), Kit M-pretreated leukemic and healthy WB gave rise to higher frequencies of mature (leukemia-derived) DC subtypes of activated and (memory) T cells after MLC. Moreover, antigen (leukemia)-specific cells of several lines (innate and adaptive immunity cells) were induced, giving rise to blast-lysing cells. The eNose could significantly distinguish between healthy and leukemic patients' serum, DC and MLC culture supernatant-derived volatile phases and could significantly separate several supernatant (with vs. without Kit M treatment, cultured vs. uncultured)-derived VOCs within subgroups (healthy DC or leukemic DC, or healthy MLC or leukemic MLC supernatants). Interestingly, the eNose could indicate a Kit M- and culture-associated effect. The eNose may be a prospective option for the deduction of a VOC-based profiling strategy using serum or cell culture supernatants and could be a useful diagnostic tool to recognize or qualify AML disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Baudrexler
- Medical Department III, Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Boeselt
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Phillipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lin Li
- Medical Department III, Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Bohlscheid
- Medical Department III, Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ursel Boas
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Phillipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rank
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schmohl
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Diaconia Hospital Stuttgart, 70176 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rembert Koczulla
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Phillipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Helga Maria Schmetzer
- Medical Department III, Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Dendritic Cell-Triggered Immune Activation Goes along with Provision of (Leukemia-Specific) Integrin Beta 7-Expressing Immune Cells and Improved Antileukemic Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010463. [PMID: 36613907 PMCID: PMC9820538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin beta 7 (β7), a subunit of the integrin receptor, is expressed on the surface of immune cells and mediates cell-cell adhesions and interactions, e.g., antitumor or autoimmune reactions. Here, we analyzed, whether the stimulation of immune cells by dendritic cells (of leukemic derivation in AML patients or of monocyte derivation in healthy donors) leads to increased/leukemia-specific β7 expression in immune cells after T-cell-enriched mixed lymphocyte culture-finally leading to improved antileukemic cytotoxicity. Healthy, as well as AML and MDS patients' whole blood (WB) was treated with Kit-M (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) + prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)) or Kit-I (GM-CSF + Picibanil) in order to generate DCs (DCleu or monocyte-derived DC), which were then used as stimulator cells in MLC. To quantify antigen/leukemia-specific/antileukemic functionality, a degranulation assay (DEG), an intracellular cytokine assay (INTCYT) and a cytotoxicity fluorolysis assay (CTX) were used. (Leukemia-specific) cell subtypes were quantified via flow cytometry. The Kit treatment of WB (compared to the control) resulted in the generation of DC/DCleu, which induced increased activation of innate and adaptive cells after MLC. Kit-pretreated WB (vs. the control) led to significantly increased frequencies of β7-expressing T-cells, degranulating and intracellular cytokine-producing β7-expressing immune cells and, in patients' samples, increased blast lysis. Positive correlations were found between the Kit-M-mediated improvement of blast lysis (vs. the control) and frequencies of β7-expressing T-cells. Our findings indicate that DC-based immune therapies might be able to specifically activate the immune system against blasts going along with increased frequencies of (leukemia-specific) β7-expressing immune cells. Furthermore, β7 might qualify as a predictor for the efficiency and the success of AML and/or MDS therapies.
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Generation of Leukaemia-Derived Dendritic Cells (DCleu) to Improve Anti-Leukaemic Activity in AML: Selection of the Most Efficient Response Modifier Combinations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158333. [PMID: 35955486 PMCID: PMC9368668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) and leukaemia derived DC (DCleu) are potent stimulators of anti-leukaemic activity in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and can be generated from mononuclear cells in vitro following standard DC/DCleu-generating protocols. With respect to future clinical applications though, DC/DCleu-generating protocols specifically designed for application in a whole-blood-(WB)-environment must be established. Therefore, we developed ten new DC/DCleu-generating protocols (kits; Kit-A/-C/-D/-E/-F/-G/-H/-I/-K/-M) for the generation of DC/DCleu from leukaemic WB, containing calcium-ionophore, granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF), tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha, prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and/or picibanil (OK-432). All protocols were evaluated regarding their performance in generating DC/DCleu using refined classification and/or ranking systems; DC/DCleu were evaluated regarding their performance in stimulating anti-leukaemic activity using a cytotoxicity fluorolysis assay. Overall, we found the new kits capable to generate (mature) DC/DCleu from leukaemic WB. Through refined classification and ranking systems, we were able to select Kit-I (GM-CSF + OK-432), -K (GM-CSF + PGE2) and -M (GM-CSF + PGE1) as the most efficient kits in generating (mature) DC/DCleu, which are further competent to stimulate immunoreactive cells to show an improved anti-leukaemic cytotoxicity as well. This great performance of Kit-I, -K and -M in mediating DC/DCleu-based anti-leukaemic immunity in a WB-environment in vitro constitutes an important and directive step for translating DC/DCleu-based immunotherapy of AML into clinical application.
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Leukemia derived dendritic cell (DC leu) mediated immune response goes along with reduced (leukemia-specific) regulatory T-cells. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152237. [PMID: 35749805 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The blastmodulatory Kit-M, composed of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) and Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), is known to convert myeloid leukaemic blasts (from AML patients) into leukaemia derived dendritic cells (DCleu), which activate immunoreactive cells to gain antileukemic/leukaemia-specific activity. In this study we had a special focus on the influence of Kit-M treated, DC/DCleu containing patients'whole blood (WB, n = 16) on the provision of immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells. We could confirm that Kit-M significantly increased frequencies of (mature) dendritic cells (DC) and DCleu from leukemic whole blood (WB) without induction of blast proliferation. After mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with patients' T-cells we confirmed that DCleu mediated leukemia-specific responses- going along with activated and leukemia-specific T- and NK-cells in an intracellular cytokine staining assay (ICS) and a degranulation assay (Deg)- resulted in an increased anti-leukemic cytotoxicity (Cytotoxicity Fluorolysis Assay = CTX). We could demonstrate that (leukemia-specific) CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T-cell population (Treg) decreased significantly after MLC compared to controls. We found significant positive correlations of leukemia-specific CD3+CD4+ cells with frequencies of (mature) DCleu. Achieved anti-leukemic cytotoxicity correlated significantly positive with leukemia-specific CD3+CD8+ cells and significantly negatively with (leukemia-specific) Treg. In summary we demonstrate that immunesuppressive (leukemia-specific) regulatory T-cells are significantly downregulated after Kit-M triggered MLC- going along with a (reinstalled) antileukemic reactivity of the immune system (as demonstrated with functional assays ICS, Deg, CTX).
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Freudenreich M, Tischer J, Kroell T, Kremser A, Dreyßig J, Beibl C, Liepert A, Kolb HJ, Schmid C, Schmetzer H. In Vitro Generated Dendritic Cells of Leukemic Origin Predict Response to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With AML and MDS. J Immunother 2022; 45:104-118. [PMID: 34864807 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is the treatment of choice for many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. The presentation of leukemic or allospecific antigens by malignant blasts is regarded as a crucial trigger for an effective allogeneic immune response. Conversely, insufficient stimulatory capacity by the leukemic blasts is thought to be a relevant escape mechanism from cellular immunotherapy (alloSCT). Our purpose was to test, whether the ability of malignant blasts to differentiate in vitro toward dendritic cells of leukemic origin (DCleu) is associated with clinical outcome. We isolated leukemic blasts from peripheral blood or bone marrow of AML and myelodysplastic syndrome patients before alloSCT (n=47) or at relapse after alloSCT (n=22). A panel of 6 different assays was used to generate DCleu in vitro. Results were correlated with clinical outcome. DCleu could be generated from all 69 samples. Significantly higher mean frequencies of DCleu were found in clinical long-term responders versus nonresponders to SCT (76.8% vs. 58.8%, P=0.006). Vice versa, the chance for response to SCT was significantly higher, if a DCleu+/dendritic cells (DC) ratio of >50% could be reached in vitro (P=0.004). Those patients were characterized by a longer time to relapse (P=0.04) and by a higher probability for leukemia-free survival (P=0.005). In vitro generation of DC and DCleu from leukemic blasts correlated with the clinical outcome. This observation may support a role of leukemic antigen presentation by "leukemia-derived DC" for the stimulation of an allogeneic immune response in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freudenreich
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
| | - Johanna Tischer
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
| | - Tanja Kroell
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
| | - Andreas Kremser
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
| | - Julia Dreyßig
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
| | - Christine Beibl
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
| | - Anja Liepert
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
| | - Hans J Kolb
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitäts-Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Medical Department III, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health/Clinical Cooperative Group Haematopoetic Cell Transplantation (CCG-HCT), Munich
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Yu J, Sun H, Cao W, Song Y, Jiang Z. Research progress on dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35074008 PMCID: PMC8784280 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines induce specific immune responses that can selectively eliminate target cells. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to explore DC vaccination in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as other nonleukemia malignancies. There are at least two different strategies that use DCs to promote antitumor immunity: in situ vaccination and canonical vaccination. Monocyte-derived DCs (mo-DCs) and leukemia-derived DCs (DCleu) are the main types of DCs used in vaccines for AML and MDS thus far. Different cancer-related molecules such as peptides, recombinant proteins, apoptotic leukemic cells, whole tumor cells or lysates and DCs/DCleu containing a vaster antigenic repertoire with RNA electroporation, have been used as antigen sources to load DCs. To enhance DC vaccine efficacy, new strategies, such as combination with conventional chemotherapy, monospecific/bispecific antibodies and immune checkpoint-targeting therapies, have been explored. After a decade of trials and tribulations, much progress has been made and much promise has emerged in the field. In this review we summarize the recent advances in DC vaccine immunotherapy for AML/MDS as well as other nonleukemia malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Amberger DC, Schmetzer HM. Dendritic Cells of Leukemic Origin: Specialized Antigen-Presenting Cells as Potential Treatment Tools for Patients with Myeloid Leukemia. Transfus Med Hemother 2021; 47:432-443. [PMID: 33442338 DOI: 10.1159/000512452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high-grade myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is limited due to the lack of therapy options and high relapse rates. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy seems to be a promising treatment tool. DC are potent antigen-presenting cells and play a pivotal role on the interface of the innate and the adaptive immune system. Myeloid leukemia blasts can be converted to DC of leukemic origin (DCleu), expressing costimulatory molecules along with the whole leukemic antigen repertoire of individual patients. These generated DCleu are potent stimulators of various immune reactive cells and increase antileukemic immunity ex vivo. Here we review the generating process of DC/DCleu from leukemic peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as directly from leukemic whole blood with "minimized" Kits to simulate physiological conditions ex vivo. The purpose of adoptive cell transfer of DC/DCleu as a vaccination strategy is discussed. A new potential therapy option with Kits for patients with myeloid leukemia, which would render an adoptive DC/DCleu transfer unnecessary, is presented. In summary, DC/DCleu-based therapies seem to be promising treatment tools for patients with AML or MDS but ongoing research including trials in animals and humans have to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helga Maria Schmetzer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Hematopoetic Cell Transplantation, Munich, Germany
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Lapenta C, Gabriele L, Santini SM. IFN-Alpha-Mediated Differentiation of Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: Advances and Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040617. [PMID: 33086492 PMCID: PMC7711454 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen tremendous developments in novel cancer therapies through targeting immune-checkpoint molecules. However, since increasing the presentation of tumor antigens remains one of the major issues for eliciting a strong antitumor immune response, dendritic cells (DC) still hold a great potential for the development of cancer immunotherapy. A considerable body of evidence clearly demonstrates the importance of the interactions of type I IFN with the immune system for the generation of a durable antitumor response through its effects on DC. Actually, highly active DC can be rapidly generated from blood monocytes in vitro in the presence of IFN-α (IFN-DC), suitable for therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients. Here we review how type I IFN can promote the ex vivo differentiation of human DC and orientate DC functions towards the priming and expansion of protective antitumor immune responses. New epigenetic elements of control on activation of the type I IFN signal will be highlighted. We also review a few clinical trials exploiting IFN-DC in cancer vaccination and discuss how IFN-DC could be exploited for the design of effective strategies of cancer immunotherapy as a monotherapy or in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors or immunomodulatory drugs.
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Potential of immunotherapies in the mediation of antileukemic responses for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) - With a focus on Dendritic cells of leukemic origin (DC leu). Clin Immunol 2020; 217:108467. [PMID: 32464186 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
New (non-immunotherapeutic) treatment-strategies for AML/MDS-patients are under development. Dendritic cells (DCs) and 'leukemia-derived DC' (DCleu) connect the innate and the adaptive immunesystem and (re-)activate it, in their capacity as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). They can be generated ex vivo from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) or whole blood (WB), containing the -physiological-cellular/soluble microenvironment of individual patients using various DC/DCleu-generating methods or (for WB) minimalized 'Kits', containing granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) and a second response-modifier. Proof for DC/DCleu-mediated activation of the immune-system after T-cell-enriched mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) is done by flowcytometry, demonstrating increased fractions of certain activated, leukemia-specific or antileukemic cell-subsets of the innate and the adaptive immune-system. Generation of DC/DCleu is possible independent of patients' age, MHC-, mutation- or transplantation-status. In vivo-treatment of AML-/MDS-patients with blast-modulating, DC/DCleu- inducing 'Kits' could contribute to create migratory DCs, as well as antileukemically reactivated and memory-mediating immune-cells, which patrol tissue and blood and could contribute to stabilizing disease or remissions.
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10
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Cox MC, Lapenta C, Santini SM. Advances and perspectives of dendritic cell-based active immunotherapies in follicular lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:913-925. [PMID: 32322910 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a remarkably immune-responsive malignancy, which is still considered incurable. As, standard immunochemotherapy is complex, toxic and not curative, improvement in FL care is now a crucial topic in hemato-oncology. Recently, we and others have shown that dendritic cell (DC)-based therapies allow a specific immune response associated with sustained lymphoma regression in a proportion of low-tumor burden FL patients. Importantly, the rate of objective clinical response (33-50%) and of sustained remission is remarkably higher compared to similar studies in solid tumors, corroborating the assumption of the immune responsiveness of FL. Our experimental intra-tumoral strategy combined injection with rituximab and interferon-α-derived dendritic cells (IFN-DC), a novel DC population particularly efficient in biasing T-helper response toward the Th1 type and in the cross-priming of CD8 + T cells. Noteworthy, intra-tumoral injection of DC is a new therapeutic option based on the assumption that following the induction of cancer-cell immunogenic death, unloaded DC would phagocytize in vivo the tumor associated antigens and give rise to a specific immune response. This approach allows the design of easy and inexpensive schedules. On the other hand, advanced and straightforward methods to produce clinical-grade antigenic formulations are currently under development. Both unloaded DC strategies and DC-vaccines are suited for combination with radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators and metronomic chemotherapy. In fact, studies in animal models have already shown impressive results, while early-phase combination trials are ongoing. Here, we summarize the recent advances and the future perspectives of DC-based therapies in the treatment of FL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Christina Cox
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lapenta
- Dipartimento Di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano M Santini
- Dipartimento Di Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Amberger DC, Doraneh-Gard F, Gunsilius C, Weinmann M, Möbius S, Kugler C, Rogers N, Böck C, Ködel U, Werner JO, Krämer D, Eiz-Vesper B, Rank A, Schmid C, Schmetzer HM. PGE 1-Containing Protocols Generate Mature (Leukemia-Derived) Dendritic Cells Directly from Leukemic Whole Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184590. [PMID: 31533251 PMCID: PMC6769744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and leukemia-derived DC (DCleu) are potent stimulators of various immunoreactive cells and they play a pivotal role in the (re-) activation of the immune system. As a potential treatment tool for patients with acute myeloid leukemia, we developed and analyzed two new PGE1-containing protocols (Pici-PGE1, Kit M) to generate DC/DCleu ex vivo from leukemic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or directly from leukemic whole blood (WB) to simulate physiological conditions. Pici-PGE1 generated significantly higher amounts of DCs from leukemic and healthy PBMCs when compared to control and comparable amounts as the already established protocol Pici-PGE2. The proportions of sufficient DC-generation were even higher after DC/DCleu-generation with Pici-PGE1. With Kits, it was possible to generate DCs and DCleu directly from leukemic and healthy WB without induction of blast proliferation. The average amounts of generated DCs and DCleu-subgroups were comparable with all Kits. The PGE1 containing Kit M generated significantly higher amounts of mature DCs when compared to the PGE2-containing Kit K and increased the anti-leukemic-activity. In summary PGE1-containing protocols were suitable for generating DC/DCleu from PBMCs as well as from WB, which reliably (re-) activated immunoreactive cells, improved the overall ex vivo anti-leukemic activity, and influenced cytokine-release-profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Christoph Amberger
- Medical Department 3, Working-group: Immune-Modulation, University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Fatemeh Doraneh-Gard
- Medical Department 3, Working-group: Immune-Modulation, University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Carina Gunsilius
- Medical Department 3, Working-group: Immune-Modulation, University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Melanie Weinmann
- Medical Department 3, Working-group: Immune-Modulation, University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sabine Möbius
- Medical Department 3, Working-group: Immune-Modulation, University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoph Kugler
- Medical Department 3, Working-group: Immune-Modulation, University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Nicole Rogers
- Medical Department 3, Working-group: Immune-Modulation, University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Corinna Böck
- Medical Department 3, Working-group: Immune-Modulation, University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Uwe Ködel
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan-Ole Werner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Doris Krämer
- Department for Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Oldenburg, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Andreas Rank
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Helga Maria Schmetzer
- Medical Department 3, Working-group: Immune-Modulation, University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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