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Los C, Klobuch S, Haanen JBAG. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte and Other Cell Therapies for Metastatic Melanoma. Cancer J 2024; 30:113-119. [PMID: 38527265 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Major progress in prolonging survival of patients with advanced melanoma has been made in the past decade because of the development and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitor and targeted therapies. However, for nonresponding or relapsing patients, their prognosis is still dismal. Based on clinical trial data, treatment with adoptive cell therapies holds great promise. In patients with metastatic melanoma progressing on or nonresponsive to single-agent anti-programmed cell death 1, infusion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can produce responses in up to half of patients, with durable complete responses in up to 20%. Genetic modification of peripheral blood T cells with T-cell receptors derived from tumor-specific T cells, or with chimeric antigen receptors, has the potential to further improve treatment outcomes in this refractory population. In this review, we will discuss the historical development, current status, and future perspectives of adoptive T-cell therapies in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Los
- From the Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute
| | - Sebastian Klobuch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek/Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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2
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Chen G, Kong D, Lin Y. Neo-Antigen-Reactive T Cells Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A More Personalized Cancer Therapy Approach. Glob Chall 2023; 7:2200186. [PMID: 37970536 PMCID: PMC10632666 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignancy in women and the third most frequent cancer in men. Evidence has revealed that the survival of patients with metastatic CRC is very low, between one and three years. Neoantigens are known proteins encoded by mutations in tumor cells. It is theorized that recognizing neoantigens by T cells leads to T cell activation and further antitumor responses. Neoantigen-reactive T cells (NRTs) are designed against the mentioned neoantigens expressed by tumor cells. NRTs selectively kill tumor cells without damage to non-cancerous cells. Identifying patient-specific and high immunogen neoantigens is important in NRT immunotherapy of patients with CRC. However, the main challenges are the side effects and preparation of NRTs, as well as the effectiveness of these cells in vivo. This review summarized the properties of neoantigens as well as the preparation and therapeutic outcomes of NRTs for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan‐Liang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China
| | - De‐Xia Kong
- Center for General Practice MedicineDepartment of GastroenterologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeNo. 158 Shangtang RoadHangzhouZhejiang310014China
| | - Yan Lin
- Center for General Practice MedicineDepartment of GastroenterologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeNo. 158 Shangtang RoadHangzhouZhejiang310014China
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3
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Li J, Xiao Z, Wang D, Jia L, Nie S, Zeng X, Hu W. The screening, identification, design and clinical application of tumor-specific neoantigens for TCR-T cells. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:141. [PMID: 37649123 PMCID: PMC10466891 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development of tumor immunotherapies, including adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), cancer vaccines and antibody-based therapies, particularly for solid tumors. With the development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics technology, the rapid identification and prediction of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) has become possible. Compared with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), highly immunogenic TSAs provide new targets for personalized tumor immunotherapy and can be used as prospective indicators for predicting tumor patient survival, prognosis, and immune checkpoint blockade response. Here, the identification and characterization of neoantigens and the clinical application of neoantigen-based TCR-T immunotherapy strategies are summarized, and the current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translational potential of these strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- International Health Medicine Innovation Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cancer Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingda Zeng
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
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Lybaert L, Thielemans K, Feldman SA, van der Burg SH, Bogaert C, Ott PA. Neoantigen-directed therapeutics in the clinic: where are we? Trends Cancer 2023; 9:503-519. [PMID: 37055237 PMCID: PMC10414146 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy have brought immunotherapy to the forefront of cancer treatment; however, only subsets of patients benefit from current approaches. Neoantigen-driven therapeutics specifically redirect the immune system of the patient to enable or reinduce its ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. The tumor specificity of this strategy spares healthy and normal cells from being attacked. Consistent with this concept, initial clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of neoantigen-directed personalized vaccines. We review neoantigen-driven therapy strategies as well as their promise and clinical successes to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven A Feldman
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chatani PD, Lowery FJ, Parikh NB, Hitscherich KJ, Yossef R, Hill V, Gartner JJ, Paria B, Florentin M, Ray S, Bera A, Parkhust M, Robbins P, Krishna S, Rosenberg SA. Cell surface marker-based capture of neoantigen-reactive CD8 + T-cell receptors from metastatic tumor digests. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006264. [PMID: 37258038 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular immunotherapies using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can induce durable regression of epithelial cancers in selected patients with treatment-refractory metastatic disease. As the genetic engineering of T cells with tumor-reactive T-cell receptors (TCRs) comes to the forefront of clinical investigation, the rapid, scalable, and cost-effective detection of patient-specific neoantigen-reactive TIL remains a top priority. METHODS We analyzed the single-cell transcriptomic states of 31 neoantigen-specific T-cell clonotypes to identify cell surface dysfunction markers that best identified the metastatic transcriptional states enriched with antitumor TIL. We developed an efficient method to capture neoantigen-reactive TCRs directly from resected human tumors based on cell surface co-expression of CD39, programmed cell death protein-1, and TIGIT dysfunction markers (CD8+ TILTP). RESULTS TILTP TCR isolation achieved a high degree of correlation with single-cell transcriptomic signatures that identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs, making it a cost-effective strategy using widely available resources. Reconstruction of additional TILTP TCRs from tumors identified known and novel antitumor TCRs, showing that at least 39.5% of TILTP TCRs are neoantigen-reactive or tumor-reactive. Despite their substantial enrichment for neoantigen-reactive TCR clonotypes, clonal dynamics of 24 unique antitumor TILTP clonotypes from four patients indicated that most in vitro expanded TILTP populations failed to demonstrate neoantigen reactivity, either by loss of neoantigen-reactive clones during TIL expansion, or through functional impairment during cognate neoantigen recognition. CONCLUSIONS While direct usage of in vitro-expanded CD8+ TILTP as a source for cellular therapy might be precluded by profound TIL dysfunction, isolating TILTP represents a streamlined effective approach to rapidly identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs to design engineered cellular immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen D Chatani
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank J Lowery
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neilesh B Parikh
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle J Hitscherich
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hill
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Biman Paria
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Florentin
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Parkhust
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sri Krishna
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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6
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Hong CH, Pyo HS, Baek IC, Kim TG. Rapid identification of CMV-specific TCRs via reverse TCR cloning system based on bulk TCR repertoire data. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021067. [PMID: 36466875 PMCID: PMC9716090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have improved the resolution of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis, and recent single-cell sequencing has made it possible to obtain information about TCR pairs. In our previous study, cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65-specific T-cell response restricted by a single human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allotype was observed in an individual. Therefore, to effectively clone an antigen-specific TCR from these T cells, we developed a TCR cloning system that does not require a single cell level. First, we established the improved Jurkat reporter cell line, which was TCRαβ double knock-out and expressed CD8αβ molecules. Furthermore, functional TCRs were directly obtained by reverse TCR cloning using unique CDR3-specific PCR primers after bulk TCR sequencing of activation marker-positive CD8 T cells by NGS. A total of 15 TCRα and 14 TCRβ strands were successfully amplified by PCR from cDNA of 4-1BB-positive CD8 T cells restricted by HLA-A*02:01, HLA-A*02:06, HLA-B*07:02, and HLA-B*40:06. The panels with combinations of TCRα and TCRβ genes were investigated using Jurkat reporter cell line and artificial antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In two TCR pairs restricted by HLA-A*02:01, one TCR pair by HLA-A*02:06, four TCR pairs by HLA-B*07:02, and one TCR pair by HLA-B*40:06, their specificity and affinity were confirmed. The TCR pair of A*02:01/1-1 showed alloreactivity to HLA-A*02:06. The one TCR pair showed a higher response to the naturally processed antigen than that of the peptide pool. This reverse TCR cloning system will not only provide functional information to TCR repertoire analysis by NGS but also help in the development of TCR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hwa Hong
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Seon Pyo
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Cheol Baek
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Lymphocytes in tumor tissue are called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and they play a key role in the control and treatment of tumor diseases. Since the discovery in 1987 that cultured TILs can kill tumor cells more than 100 times more effectively than T-cells cultured from peripheral blood in melanoma, it has been confirmed that cultured TILs can successfully cure clinical patients with melanoma. Since 1989, after we investigated TIL isolation performance from solid tumors, we modified some procedures to increase efficacy, and thus successfully established new TIL isolation and culture methods in 1994. Moreover, our laboratory and clinicians using our cultured TILs have published more than 30 papers. To improve the efficacy of TILs, we have been carrying out studies of TIL efficacy to treat solid tumor diseases for approximately 30 years. The three main questions of TIL study have been "How do TILs remain silent in solid tumor tissue?", "How do TILs attack homologous and heterologous antigens from tumor cells of solid tumors?", and "How do TILs infiltrate solid tumor tissue from a distance into tumor sites to kill tumor cells?". Research on these three issues has increasingly answered these questions. In this review I summarize the main issues surrounding TILs in treating solid tumors. This review aims to study the killing function of TILs from solid tumor tissues, thereby ultimately introducing the optimal strategy for patients suffering from solid tumors through personalized immunotherapy in the near future.
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8
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de Mey W, De Schrijver P, Autaers D, Pfitzer L, Fant B, Locy H, Esprit A, Lybaert L, Bogaert C, Verdonck M, Thielemans K, Breckpot K, Franceschini L. A synthetic DNA template for fast manufacturing of versatile single epitope mRNA. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 2022; 29:943-954. [PMID: 36159589 PMCID: PMC9464653 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A flexible, affordable, and rapid vaccine platform is necessary to unlock the potential of personalized cancer vaccines in order to achieve full clinical efficiency. mRNA cancer vaccine manufacture relies on the rigid sequence design of multiepitope constructs produced by laborious bacterial cloning and time-consuming plasmid preparation. Here, we introduce a synthetic DNA template (SDT) assembly process, which allows cost- and time-efficient manufacturing of single (neo)epitope mRNA. We benchmarked SDT-derived mRNA against mRNA derived from a plasmid DNA template (PDT), showing that monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) electroporated with SDT-mRNA or PDT-mRNA, encoding HLA-I- or HLA-II-restricted (neo)epitopes, equally activated T cells that were modified to express the cognate T cell receptors. Furthermore, we validated the SDT-mRNA platform for neoepitope immunogenicity screening using the characterized HLA-A2-restricted neoepitope DHX40B and four new candidate HLA-A2-restricted melanoma neoepitopes. Finally, we compared SDT-mRNA with PDT-mRNA for vaccine development purposes. moDCs electroporated with mRNA encoding the HLA-A2-restricted, mutated Melan-A/Mart-1 epitope together with TriMix mRNA-generated high levels of functional Melan-A/Mart-1-specific CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, SDT single epitope mRNA can be manufactured in a more flexible, cost-efficient, and time-efficient way compared with PDT-mRNA, allowing prompt neoepitope immunogenicity screening, and might be exploited for the development of personalized cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout de Mey
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Phaedra De Schrijver
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorien Autaers
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lena Pfitzer
- myNEO, Ottergemsesteenweg-Zuid 808, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Fant
- myNEO, Ottergemsesteenweg-Zuid 808, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Locy
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Esprit
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Lybaert
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- myNEO, Ottergemsesteenweg-Zuid 808, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Magali Verdonck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Franceschini
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding author Lorenzo Franceschini, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Kye Y, Nagineni L, Gadad S, Ramirez F, Riva H, Fernandez L, Samaniego M, Holland N, Yeh R, Takigawa K, Dhandayuthapani S, Chacon J. The Identification and Clinical Applications of Mutated Antigens in the Era of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174255. [PMID: 36077792 PMCID: PMC9454936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review article, we highlight the process and importance of identifying neoantigens for immunotherapy for cancer. Although the process of identifying neoantigens may be time-consuming and costly, various efforts are being conducted at different stages of pre-clinical and clinical development to improve the process and identify neoantigens. This initiative will be imperative in developing the next generation of cost-efficient and potent immunotherapies against cancer. Abstract The era of personalized cancer therapy is here. Advances in the field of immunotherapy have paved the way for the development of individualized neoantigen-based therapies that can translate into favorable treatment outcomes and fewer side effects for patients. Addressing challenges related to the identification, access, and clinical application of neoantigens is critical to accelerating the development of individualized immunotherapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Kye
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Lokesh Nagineni
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth Gadad
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Fabiola Ramirez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Hannah Riva
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Lorena Fernandez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Michelle Samaniego
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Nathan Holland
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Rose Yeh
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Kei Takigawa
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jessica Chacon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-915-215-6116
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10
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Füchsl F, Krackhardt AM. Paving the Way to Solid Tumors: Challenges and Strategies for Adoptively Transferred Transgenic T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4192. [PMID: 36077730 PMCID: PMC9454442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are important players in the antitumor immune response. Over the past few years, the adoptive transfer of genetically modified, autologous T cells-specifically redirected toward the tumor by expressing either a T cell receptor (TCR) or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-has been adopted for use in the clinic. At the moment, the therapeutic application of CD19- and, increasingly, BCMA-targeting-engineered CAR-T cells have been approved and have yielded partly impressive results in hematologic malignancies. However, employing transgenic T cells for the treatment of solid tumors remains more troublesome, and numerous hurdles within the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) need to be overcome to achieve tumor control. In this review, we focused on the challenges that these therapies must face on three different levels: infiltrating the tumor, exerting efficient antitumor activity, and overcoming T cell exhaustion and dysfunction. We aimed to discuss different options to pave the way for potent transgenic T cell-mediated tumor rejection by engineering either the TME or the transgenic T cell itself, which responds to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Füchsl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Angela M. Krackhardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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11
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Diaz-Cano I, Paz-Ares L, Otano I. Adoptive tumor infiltrating lymphocyte transfer as personalized immunotherapy. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2022; 370:163-192. [PMID: 35798505 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and, despite new targeted therapies and immunotherapies, a large group of patients fail to respond to therapy or progress after initial response, which brings the need for additional treatment options. Manipulating the immune system using a variety of approaches has been explored for the past years with successful results. Sustained progress has been made to understand the T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses counteracting the tumorigenesis process. The T-lymphocyte pool, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a central focus for engaging the immune system in defeating cancer. The adoptive cell transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been used in humans for over 30 years to treat metastatic melanoma. In this review, we provide a brief history of ACT-TIL and discuss the current state of ACT-TIL clinical development in solid tumors. We also discuss how key advances in understanding genetic intratumor heterogeneity, to accurately identify neoantigens, and new strategies designed to overcome T-cell exhaustion and tumor immunosuppression have improved the efficacy of the TIL-therapy infusion. Characteristics of the TIL products will be discussed, as well as new strategies, including the selective expansion of specific fractions from the cell product or the genetic manipulation of T cells for improving the in-vivo survival and functionality. In summary, this review outlines the potential of ACT-TIL as a personalized approach for epithelial tumors and continued discoveries are making it increasingly more effective against other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Diaz-Cano
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Medicine and Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Otano
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Ma Y, Liu F, Li B, Zhou H, Qiao D, Deng L, Wu H, Fang F, Wang Y, Yao D, Hu G, Qian Y, Wang M. Rapid identification of tumor-reactive T-cell receptors by RNA preamplification-based single-cell sequencing. J Immunol Methods 2022; 504:113260. [PMID: 35331733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-transduced T (TCR-T) cell therapy has shown promising efficacy in the clinical treatment of malignant cancers. However, the populations covered by reported TCRs are still limited. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are natural reservoirs of tumor-reactive T cells and TCRs. Approaches are required for the fast and cost-effective identification of tumor-reactive TCRs from TILs. The widely employed TCR identification approaches by the clonal expansion of TILs involve a TCR singularization process for the direct pairing of TCR Vα and the Vβ chain. However, the clonal expansion of T cells is well known to require extensive time and effort due to the involvement of T cell cultures. Several single-cell multiplexing PCR methods followed by Sanger sequencing have been developed, representing a cost-effective and fast approach for single-cell TCR identification. In this study, an RNA-based preamplification step was included in the single-cell TCR sequencing, which can reduce the multiplexing PCR amplification to one round. Moreover, the cDNA product of RNA preamplification is derived from the whole genome mRNA, instead of TCR mRNA only by multiplexing primers-based DNA preamplification, which is valuable for many other analyses (e.g., phenotypic analysis) of the tumor-reactive T cells that can be correlated with the identified TCRs. The feasibility for both single α chain and dual α chain TILs of this approach highlights its potential value as a rapid and cost-effective sequencing strategy for the development of TCR-T therapies for solid cancers.
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13
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Quinn S, Lenart N, Dronzek V, Scurti GM, Hossain NM, Nishimura MI. Genetic Modification of T Cells for the Immunotherapy of Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:457. [PMID: 35335089 PMCID: PMC8949949 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a beneficial treatment approach for multiple cancers, however, current therapies are effective only in a small subset of patients. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a facet of immunotherapy where T cells targeting the tumor cells are transferred to the patient with several primary forms, utilizing unmodified or modified T cells: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), genetically modified T cell receptor transduced T cells, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduced T cells. Many clinical trials are underway investigating the efficacy and safety of these different subsets of ACT, as well as trials that combine one of these subsets with another type of immunotherapy. The main challenges existing with ACT are improving clinical responses and decreasing adverse events. Current research focuses on identifying novel tumor targeting T cell receptors, improving safety and efficacy, and investigating ACT in combination with other immunotherapies.
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14
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Lowery FJ, Krishna S, Yossef R, Parikh NB, Chatani PD, Zacharakis N, Parkhurst MR, Levin N, Sindiri S, Sachs A, Hitscherich KJ, Yu Z, Vale NR, Lu YC, Zheng Z, Jia L, Gartner JJ, Hill VK, Copeland AR, Nah SK, Masi RV, Gasmi B, Kivitz S, Paria BC, Florentin M, Kim SP, Hanada KI, Li YF, Ngo LT, Ray S, Shindorf ML, Levi ST, Shepherd R, Toy C, Parikh AY, Prickett TD, Kelly MC, Beyer R, Goff SL, Yang JC, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA. Molecular signatures of antitumor neoantigen-reactive T cells from metastatic human cancers. Science 2022; 375:877-884. [PMID: 35113651 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accurate identification of antitumor T cell receptors (TCRs) represents a major challenge for the engineering of cell-based cancer immunotherapies. By mapping 55 neoantigen-specific TCR clonotypes (NeoTCRs) from 10 metastatic human tumors to their single-cell transcriptomes, we identified signatures of CD8+ and CD4+ neoantigen-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Neoantigen-specific TILs exhibited tumor-specific expansion with dysfunctional phenotypes, distinct from blood-emigrant bystanders and regulatory TILs. Prospective prediction and testing of 73 NeoTCR signature-derived clonotypes demonstrated that half of the tested TCRs recognized tumor antigens or autologous tumors. NeoTCR signatures identified TCRs that target driver neoantigens and nonmutated viral or tumor-associated antigens, suggesting a common metastatic TIL exhaustion program. NeoTCR signatures delineate the landscape of TILs across metastatic tumors, enabling successful TCR prediction based purely on TIL transcriptomic states for use in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Lowery
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sri Krishna
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neilesh B Parikh
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Praveen D Chatani
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nikolaos Zacharakis
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria R Parkhurst
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noam Levin
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abraham Sachs
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyle J Hitscherich
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nolan R Vale
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong-Chen Lu
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Jia
- National Institutes of Health Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victoria K Hill
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Copeland
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shirley K Nah
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert V Masi
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Billel Gasmi
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Scott Kivitz
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Biman C Paria
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Florentin
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sanghyun P Kim
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Hanada
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong F Li
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lien T Ngo
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mackenzie L Shindorf
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shoshana T Levi
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan Shepherd
- Vector Production Facility, Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chris Toy
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anup Y Parikh
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Todd D Prickett
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachel Beyer
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James C Yang
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Füchsl F, Krackhardt AM. Adoptive Cellular Therapy for Multiple Myeloma Using CAR- and TCR-Transgenic T Cells: Response and Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:410. [PMID: 35159220 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the substantial improvement of therapeutic approaches, multiple myeloma (MM) remains mostly incurable. However, immunotherapeutic and especially T cell-based approaches pioneered the therapeutic landscape for relapsed and refractory disease recently. Targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on myeloma cells has been demonstrated to be highly effective not only by antibody-derived constructs but also by adoptive cellular therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transgenic T cells lead to deep, albeit mostly not durable responses with manageable side-effects in intensively pretreated patients. The spectrum of adoptive T cell-transfer covers synthetic CARs with diverse specificities as well as currently less well-established T cell receptor (TCR)-based personalized strategies. In this review, we want to focus on treatment characteristics including efficacy and safety of CAR- and TCR-transgenic T cells in MM as well as the future potential these novel therapies may have. ACT with transgenic T cells has only entered clinical trials and various engineering strategies for optimization of T cell responses are necessary to overcome therapy resistance mechanisms. We want to outline the current success in engineering CAR- and TCR-T cells, but also discuss challenges including resistance mechanisms of MM for evading T cell therapy and point out possible novel strategies.
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16
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Pasetto A, Buggert M. T-Cell Repertoire Characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2574:209-219. [PMID: 36087203 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2712-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
T-cell repertoire characterization is a methodology that enables the identification of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene sequences in a T-cell population. TCR genes are composed of modular gene segments V (D) J that undergo somatic recombination, resulting in unique and unpredictable sequences that can be utilized to identify each T-cell clone. The analysis of the TCR composition in a T-cell population can give information on the biological phenomenon such as antigen-driven expansion and heterogeneity of T-cell responses. Bulk TCR analysis can give useful information on the clonality and can help track a specific clonotype over time or in different compartments, although the information about pairing cannot be provided. Single-cell TCR sequencing, on the other hand, can provide pairing information that are necessary to reconstruct the TCR and confirm antigen specificity.Here we describe common methods to characterize T-cell repertoires based on both bulk and single-cell next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pasetto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Arnaud M, Bobisse S, Chiffelle J, Harari A. The Promise of Personalized TCR-Based Cellular Immunotherapy for Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701636. [PMID: 34394096 PMCID: PMC8363295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation-derived neoantigens are now established as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. The field of adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) therapy was significantly reshaped by tumor neoantigens and is now moving towards the genetic engineering of T cells with neoantigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs). Yet, the identification of neoantigen-reactive TCRs remains challenging and the process needs to be adapted to clinical timelines. In addition, the state of recipient T cells for TCR transduction is critical and can affect TCR-ACT efficacy. Here we provide an overview of the main strategies for TCR-engineering, describe the selection and expansion of optimal carrier cells for TCR-ACT and discuss the next-generation methods for rapid identification of relevant TCR candidates for gene transfer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Arnaud
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Leko V, Cafri G, Yossef R, Paria B, Hill V, Gurusamy D, Zheng Z, Gartner JJ, Prickett TD, Goff SL, Robbins P, Lu YC, Rosenberg SA. Identification of neoantigen-reactive T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of a patient with glioblastoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002882. [PMID: 34266885 PMCID: PMC8286793 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of naturally occurring T cells that recognize cancer neoantigens has led to durable tumor regressions in select patients with cancer. However, it remains unknown whether such T cells can be isolated from and used to treat patients with glioblastoma, a cancer that is refractory to currently available therapies. To answer this question, we stimulated patient blood-derived memory T cells in vitro using peptides and minigenes that represented point mutations unique to patients’ tumors (ie, candidate neoantigens) and then tested their ability to specifically recognize these mutations. In a cohort of five patients with glioblastoma, we found that circulating CD4+ memory T cells from one patient recognized a cancer neoantigen harboring a mutation in the EED gene (EEDH189N) that was unique to that patient’s tumor. This finding suggests that neoantigen-reactive T cells could indeed be isolated from patients with glioblastoma, thereby providing a rationale for further efforts to develop neoantigen-directed adoptive T cell therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Leko
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gal Cafri
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Biman Paria
- Program Coordination and Referral Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hill
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Zhili Zheng
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd D Prickett
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Robbins
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yong-Chen Lu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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19
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Levin N, Paria BC, Vale NR, Yossef R, Lowery FJ, Parkhurst MR, Yu Z, Florentin M, Cafri G, Gartner JJ, Shindorf ML, Ngo LT, Ray S, Kim SP, Copeland AR, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA. Identification and Validation of T-cell Receptors Targeting RAS Hotspot Mutations in Human Cancers for Use in Cell-based Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5084-5095. [PMID: 34168045 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapies mediate the regression of human tumors through recognition of tumor antigens by immune cells that trigger an immune response. Mutations in the RAS oncogenes occur in about 30% of all patients with cancer. These mutations play an important role in both tumor establishment and survival and are commonly found in hotspots. Discovering T-cell receptors (TCR) that recognize shared mutated RAS antigens presented on MHC class I and class II molecules are thus promising reagents for "off-the-shelf" adoptive cell therapies (ACT) following insertion of the TCRs into lymphocytes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this ongoing work, we screened for RAS antigen recognition in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or by in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). TCRs recognizing mutated RAS were identified from the reactive T cells. The TCRs were then reconstructed and virally transduced into PBLs and tested. RESULTS Here, we detect and report multiple novel TCR sequences that recognize nonsynonymous mutant RAS hotspot mutations with high avidity and specificity and identify the specific class-I and -II MHC restriction elements involved in the recognition of mutant RAS. CONCLUSIONS The TCR library directed against RAS hotspot mutations described here recognize RAS mutations found in about 45% of the Caucasian population and about 60% of the Asian population and represent promising reagents for "off-the-shelf" ACTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Levin
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Biman C Paria
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nolan R Vale
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank J Lowery
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Florentin
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gal Cafri
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Lien T Ngo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sanghyun P Kim
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy R Copeland
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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20
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Pearlman AH, Hwang MS, Konig MF, Hsiue EH, Douglass J, DiNapoli SR, Mog BJ, Bettegowda C, Pardoll DM, Gabelli SB, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Zhou S. Targeting public neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Cancer 2021; 2:487-97. [PMID: 34676374 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several current immunotherapy approaches target private neoantigens derived from mutations that are unique to individual patients' tumors. However, immunotherapeutic agents can also be developed against public neoantigens derived from recurrent mutations in cancer driver genes. The latter approaches target proteins that are indispensable for tumor growth, and each therapeutic agent can be applied to numerous patients. Here we review the opportunities and challenges involved in the identification of suitable public neoantigen targets and the development of therapeutic agents targeting them.
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